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Unrooted Phylogenetic Tree based on ITS-5.8S rDNA sequences of B9_Pink and B19 endophytic fungi associated with Bacopa monnieri showing their position with their close relatives.
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Endophytes, which reside in plant tissues, have the potential to produce novel metabolites with immense benefits for health industry. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of endophytic fungi isolated from Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell were investigated.
Endophytic fungi were isolated from the Bacopa monnieri. Extracts from liquid cultures were tes...
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Context 1
... gene sequences of B4, B16 and B9_Pink were corelated well with morphological findings (Table 1). Since B9_Pink, and B19 endophytic fungi showed most potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity (Figure 1), their phylogenetic pos- ition is shown in Figure 2. Contrary to the findings of Lian et al. [27], active strains in the present study were found to belong to both ascomycota and basidiomycota. ...Similar publications
Abstract: Bacopa monnieri (Scrophulariaceae) is a well-known plant and has been used by humans for several
thousand years. In traditional Hindu medicine, it is one of the most important medicinal plants. The aim of
the work was to determine the content of Fe, Mg, and Zn and selected organic compounds before and after
extraction into the artificial...
Introduction: herbs have been used as medicines since ancient times and it has been observed that human body is well suited to herbal remedies. In the present study, the myocardial salvaging effects of Bacopa monnieri (L) Pennell (Scrophulariaceae) (Bm), a medicinal herb was evaluated in diabetes mellitus.
Aims: The crude ethanolic leaf extract of Bacopa monnieri (L) Penn. (family: Scrophulariaceae) was evaluated for its possible phytochemical nature (group determination of plant constituent) and selected pharmacological activities (analgesic, antidiarrhoeal and cytotoxic activity) growing in Bangladesh. Methodology: The antinociceptive activity was...
The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant and anti
inflammatory activity of crude extract of leaves of Bacopa monnieri
(L) Penn. (family: Scrophulariaceae). The antioxidant properties were
evaluated using different antioxidant tests such as DPPH scavenging
activity, ABTS scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical
scavenging, hydrogen per...
Uma nova espécie de Bacopa (Scrophulariaceae) do Brasil e Argentina é descrita. Ilustração e descrição desta espécie são apresentadas, além de uma comparação com espécies afins do gênero.
Citations
... Similarly, marine plant-associated fungal endophytes were potentially cytotoxic to the cell lines M059J (brain), PC3 (prostate), DLD-1 (colon), MDAMD231 (breast), NCIH1299 (lung), B16F10 (melanoma), PC12 (pheochromocytoma), and Detroit 551 (fibroblast) [17]. Endophytes from the bacopa plant were toxic to the cell lines HCT-116, MCF-7, PC-3, and A-549, and extracts were more effective against HCT-116 cells than the other cell lines [18]. Endophytic fungi from the Piper crocatum strongly suppressed the growth of human ductal breast epithelial cancer cell lines (T47D) and human colon carcinoma cell lines (WiDr), and they also significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and HCT116 cell lines [19,20]. ...
Endophytes are endosymbiotic microorganisms colonizing the internal tissues of healthy host plants [1] and possess the ability to improve the quality and growth rate of theirrespective hosts [2]. Their colonization does not produce any disease symptoms or morphological changes like gall formation of plant tissues [3]. Most of the plants on earth arehost to one or more types of endophytes [4]. These endophytes can be either bacteria or fungi [5,6]. Their population density in a host plant can vary from hundreds to more than 9 x 109 bacteria per gram of plant tissue [7,8, 9]. They can be either obligate or a facultative and the obligate types cannot be cultured due to their specificity of growth conditions. On the other hand, facultative endophytes can be cultured outside the plant tissue using artificial nutrient media [10, 11]. Endophytes form an important part of the micro-ecosystem inside plant tissues [12]. The most explored endophytes are non-pathogenic fungi that provide a number of useful characteristics to their host plant. However, bacterial endophytes remain an unexplored group [13]. Any bacteria which could be isolated from a surface-sterilized plant or extracted from its tissues can be called an endophyte if it does not affect the plant negatively. Bacteria can positively promote plant growth whereas studies show that plants are able to select these beneficial bacterial members in their microbiome including those inside the plant tissues [14, 15, 16]. There is no shred of evidence suggesting that these bacteria take advantage in this relationship [17], but certainly, they get protection from pathogens in adverse times. They could also communicate much better than the rhizospheric bacteria at times of stress [18,19]
... These FE showed positive results (Mamangkey et al., 2022). Bacopa monnieri is a fungal endophyte of the tropical medicinal plant Butea monosperma, known to produce enzymes of industrial importance like lipase, cellulase, protease, amylase, and pectinase (Katoch et al., 2014). ...
The fungal endophytes are an understudied area of research with great potential for new bioactive compounds' discovery. These are the fungal strains that live within the inner compartments of the host plant without causing it any kind of harm. These fungal endophytes, in combination with the host organisms, synthesize many compounds with a range of pharmaceutical values. Most recently, the discovery of fungal endophyte genes which are linked with the biosynthesis of plant metabolites has opened a new field of research. These plant partners assist plants against biotic stress and protect them from pathogenic attacks or diseases with the presence of some important gene families like WRKY and MYB. The bioactive metabolites from this group are known for their anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-tubercular properties. Therefore, these bioactive compounds offer new routes for discovering novel drugs, which can boost the pharmaceutical industry in times of great demand for novel drugs. Extracellular enzymes are also produced within the members of this distinct group which are crucial for several industrial sectors, including the biofuel production industry. Furthermore, fungal endophytes are capable of synthesizing silver nanoparticles, which exhibit significant potential in fields like biomedical imaging and water purification. This article aims to document all the available data on this group of fungi living in medicinal plants and the major compounds produced by members of this distinct group that are in use for the therapy of various ailments.
... Samples of different leaves and stem parts were cleaned in three cycles, following the methodology proposed by Katoch et al. (2014) and Caicedo et al. (2019). Plant tissues were surface-sterilized first with 70% v/v ethanol for 1e2 min, followed by 3% v/v hypochlorite for 15 min. ...
Fungal laccases are promising for biotechnological applications, including bioremediation and dye biotransformation, due to their high redox potential and broad substrate specificity. However, current bioprospecting methods for identifying laccase-producing fungi can be challenging and time-consuming. For early detection, it was developed a three-step, multi-criteria weighting system that evaluates fungal strains based on: First, the biotransformation capacity of three dyes (i.e., Congo red, brilliant blue G-250, and malachite green), at three different pH values, and with a relative weighting supported for the redox potential of each colorant. The relative decolorization coefficient (RDC), used as th2e first classification criterion, expressed their potential performance. Second, under the same conditions, laccase activity was estimated by observing the different degrees of oxidation of a given substrate. The selection criterion was the relative oxidation coefficient (ROC). Finally, laccase activity was quantified in submerged fermentations using three inducers (i.e., loofah sponge, Tween 80, and veratyl alcohol). This multicriteria screening strategy evaluated sixteen isolated endophytic fungal strains from Otoba gracilipes. The system identified Beltraniopsis sp. ET-17 (at pH values of 5.00 and 5.50) as a promising strain for dye biotransformation, and Phlebia floridensis as the best laccase producer, achieving a high activity of 116 μmol min−1 L−1 with loofah sponge as an inducer. In-vitro testing confirmed the efficacy of P. floridensis, with 53.61 % decolorization of a dye mixture (brilliant blue-Congo red. ratio 1:1) after 15 days of incubation. Thus, with the proposed screening strategy it was possible to highlight two species of interest at an early bioprospecting stage on a Colombian native tree poorly explored.
... [358,359] In contrast, endophytic fungi isolated from Bacopa monnieri recorded potent cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, MCF-7, PC-3, and A-549 cell lines respectively. [360] Using deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) to uncover transcriptome alterations in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells following treatment with Bacopa, How-Wing Leung et al., revealed numerous genes whose Bacopa-regulated expression levels can mediate nootropic and neuroprotective effects. [361] Analogously, Krishna et al., by DNA fragmentation method, documented Bacopa monnieri's genotoxicity potential on oral cancer cell lines, inhibition of HeLa cell proliferation and ascites accumulation and induction of apoptosis on KB cells by ethanolic extract, validated by DNA fragmentation analysis using the technique ofagarose gel electrophoresis. ...
Throughout history, complementary and alternative therapies have been widely utilised. In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in the usage of herbal treatments all around the world. Various natural chemicals, such as those produced from plants, have been investigated as potential therapies for a myriad of ailments. The essence of this review was to methodically describe everything we know about Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, a mysterious holistic Vedic herb belonging to the Plantaginaceae family, a well-known nootropic and effective memory enhancer, which has recently emerged as one of the most important medical herbs, widely used therapeutically in the Orient and growing in popularity around the world. Literature was gathered from sources such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, and reviewed using the Prisma quality metacritic paradigm. It is now plainly obvious that current therapies fall short of meeting the demands of the vast majority of individuals with health problems, and traditional medicines are gaining appeal as a result of their reduced toxicity. Bacopa is a traditional herb used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat brain and nerve weariness, as well as in Siddha medicine to treat impaired memory. It's also used to cure brain and nerve exhaustion in Unani medicine. We improved Brahmi micropropagation and secondary metabolite biosynthesis by compiling pharmacobotanical and pharmacognostical descriptions, as well as ethnoarchaeological data and nanotechnology domination. This critique also highlights our contemporary information of pharmacological activity, preclinical and clinical investigations, significant bioactives, reported mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, safety, and the potential for herb-drug interactions. At the same time, the current incarnation of research at the plant is reviewed, as well as future research possibilities. Brahmi offers a lot of potential for treating a range of illnesses, including neuro-pharmacological, depression, inflammation, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, and others. According to the presumptions of this review, further clinical trials and research are needed. While the impact of Brahmi as an anxiolytic and antidepressant has to be explored further, its potential as an anti-epileptic therapy and a treatment for antiepileptic drugs side effects is also being researched. Furthermore, Brahmi's antioxidant ability may explain, at least in part, the antistress, immunomodulatory, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging benefits documented in experimental animals and clinical circumstances, necessitating further study into its other therapeutic characteristics.
... Endophytes from sponge tissue were isolated according to the method of Katoch et al. (2014) and Strobel and Daisy (2003) with slight modifications. Surface sterilization of tissues was performed using 70% ethanol followed by 1.0% sodium hypochlorite (v/v), 70% ethanol for 1 min each, and rinsed thrice with sterile deionized water. ...
One of the biggest global causes of death is cancer. The side effects of currently available therapies have triggered the search for new drugs. The marine environment, with its vast biodiversity, including sponges, is a rich source of natural products with immense pharmaceutical potential. The aim of the study was to analyze the microbes associated with the marine sponge, Lamellodysidea herbacea, and explore them as resources for anticancer ability. This study includes the isolation of fungi from L. herbacea, and their evaluation for cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines such as A-549 (lung), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma), HT-1080 (Fibrosarcoma), and PC-3 (prostate) using MTT assay. This revealed that fifteen extracts showed significant anticancer ability (IC50 ≤ 20 µg/mL), at least against one of the cell lines. Three extracts, SPG12, SPG19, and SDHY 01/02, were found significant in terms of anticancer activity, at least against three to four cell lines (IC50 values ≤ 20 µg/mL). The fungus SDHY01/02 was identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as Alternaria alternata. Its extract showed IC50 values < 10 µg/mL against all the tested cell lines and was further analysed through light and fluorescence microscopy. The extract of SDHY01/02 was active (lowest IC50 4.27 µg/mL) against A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner and caused apoptotic cell death. Further, the extract was fractionated and analyzed the constituents by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). Di-ethyl ether fraction revealed the constituents (having anticancer activity) such pyrrolo[1,2-a] pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(2-methyl propyl); 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-benzo[C]rhiophene-1-carboxylic acid cyclopropylamide; 17-pentatriacontene; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, methyl ester; while DCM fraction contained Oleic acid, eicosyl ester. This is the first report of A. alternata with anticancer potential that has been isolated from the sponge L. herbacea, as far as we are aware.This A. alternata can be exploited to get anticancer molecule(s) in the future.
... The EtOAc extract of fungus was screened against nine human pathogenic bacterial isolates i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Citrobacter freundii species were used (Katoch et al., 2014). The zones of inhibition were determined from the diameter of the wells while percentage inhibition was recorded by the formula given below (Leng, et al., 2017). ...
... The EtOAc extract of fungus was screened against seven fungal isolates i.e. A. flavus, Candida albican, Alternaria alternata, Verticillium chlymadosporium, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium chrysogenum and A. oryzae (Katoch et al., 2014). Fluconazole was used as positive control while DMSO less than 1% was used as negative control (Leng, et al., 2017). ...
Aspergillus fumigatus is a green echinulate with greenish phialides and 2.5-3 mm conidia. The diverse biological functions of A. fumigatus secondary metabolites make them interesting. The ethyl acetate extract of A. fumigatus was tested for antibacterial activity. Culture media, temperature, incubation and pH were optimized for A. fumigatus growth. Continuous 150rpm agitation incubated the fungus at 28°C for 10 days. Potato Dextrose Broth at 28°C in shaking incubator at pH 04 produced the most biomass and secondary metabolites. Metabolite antibacterial activity was tested. Salmonella flexneri had the greatest zone of inhibition at 100μl (25.66mm) while Staphylococcus aureus had the least (16.33mm). At 75μg/mL, S. flexneri showed 23.66mm activity and S. typhi 14.66mm. At 50μg/mL, S. flexneri was 21.33mm and S. typhi 12.33mmMBC was 0.01μg/μl and MIC50 varied. At 100μg/mL, the metabolites showed antifungal efficacy against Penicillium chrysogenum (26.33mm) but not A. flavus (21.33mm). A. oryzae was significantly inhibited at 75μg/mL (26.33mm) and 50μg/mL (20.33mm). 1000μl demonstrated 100% phytotoxicity, 100μl 60%, and 10μl 50%. Bactrocera cucurbitae, Sitotroga cerealella and Callosobruchus maculatus were killed at 150, 100, and 75μl. Metabolites and antibiotics synergized well. Metabolites have alkanes, esters and ethers in their infrared spectra.
... The EtOAc extract of fungus was screened against nine human pathogenic bacterial isolates i.e. Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri and Citrobacter freundii species were used (Katoch et al., 2014). The zones of inhibition were determined from the diameter of the wells while percentage inhibition was recorded by the formula given below (Leng, et al., 2017). ...
... The EtOAc extract of fungus was screened against seven fungal isolates i.e. A. flavus, Candida albican, Alternaria alternata, Verticillium chlymadosporium, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium chrysogenum and A. oryzae (Katoch et al., 2014). Fluconazole was used as positive control while DMSO less than 1% was used as negative control (Leng, et al., 2017). ...
Aspergillus fumigatus is a green echinulate with greenish phialides and 2.5-3 mm conidia. The diverse biological functions of A. fumigatus secondary metabolites make them interesting. The ethyl acetate extract of A. fumigatus was tested for antibacterial activity. Culture media, temperature, incubation and pH were optimized for A. fumigatus growth. Continuous 150rpm agitation incubated the fungus at 28°C for 10 days. Potato Dextrose Broth at 28°C in shaking incubator at pH 04 produced the most biomass and secondary metabolites. Metabolite antibacterial activity was tested. Salmonella flexneri had the greatest zone of inhibition at 100μl (25.66mm) while Staphylococcus aureus had the least (16.33mm). At 75μg/mL, S. flexneri showed 23.66mm activity and S. typhi 14.66mm. At 50μg/mL, S. flexneri was 21.33mm and S. typhi 12.33mmMBC was 0.01μg/μl and MIC50 varied. At 100μg/mL, the metabolites showed antifungal efficacy against Penicillium chrysogenum (26.33mm) but not A. flavus (21.33mm). A. oryzae was significantly inhibited at 75μg/mL (26.33mm) and 50μg/mL (20.33mm). 1000μl demonstrated 100% phytotoxicity, 100μl 60%, and 10μl 50%. Bactrocera cucurbitae, Sitotroga cerealella and Callosobruchus maculatus were killed at 150, 100, and 75μl. Metabolites and antibiotics synergized well. Metabolites have alkanes, esters and ethers in their infrared spectra.
... On the other hand, the genus Fusarium was studied in four articles, showing active functional extracts against CaCo-2, HCT-116, and HCT-8 cells (IC 50 between 0.3779-98.68 µg/mL) [25,[66][67][68]. In one article, standard camptothecin and camptothecin crude extract were isolated and tested against CaCo-2 cells, resulting in IC 50 values of 2.41 and 0.291 µM, respectively [68]. ...
... In addition, camptothecin is the precursor of irinotecan, an antitumor drug that, in combination with other anticancer agents, has been widely used in clinical trials and its clinical use is well accepted [69]. Finally, the genus Trichoderma was analyzed in four articles, obtaining functional extracts (IC 50 between 11-100 µg/mL), fractions (IC 50 between 7.3 and 14.9 µg/mL) [24,66,70], or bioactive compounds, such as trichodermaloid A and B (IC 50 9.3 and 8.6 µM in the SW-620 cell line, respectively) [71]. All of these findings are consistent with those obtained in other forms of tumors (breast, lung, liver, and cervix cancers, among others). ...
... were used to obtain an ethyl acetate extract that led to IC 50 values of 69.4 µg/mL in HT-29 cells and 36.7 µg/mL in HCT-116 cells, while its cytotoxic activity in the MCF-7 breast cancer line was even half of that of the latter CRC line [39]. An aqueous extract and an organic residue obtained with dichloromethane were tested in HCT-116 cells, obtaining IC 50 values between 12 and 100 µg/mL, respectively [66]. In addition, the genera Bipolaris, Phoma, Drechslera, and Curvularia were studied by obtaining functional extracts, which evidenced IC 50 values ranging from 18.97 to 202.5 µg/mL against HCT-116, HT-29, and HCT-8 cells, with similar antiproliferative activity in breast cancer cell lines [23,36,70]. ...
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the advances and success of current treatments (e.g., chemotherapy), there are multiple serious side effects which require the development of new treatment strategies. In recent years, fungi have gained considerable attention as a source of extracts and bioactive compounds with antitumor capabilities because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties and even their anti-inflammatory and antiviral activities. In the present review, a systematic search of the existing literature in four electronic databases was carried out in which the antitumor activity against CRC cells of Ascomycota fungi extracts or compounds was tested. The systematical research in the four databases resulted in a total of 883 articles. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, a total of 75 articles were finally studied. The order Eurotiales was the most studied (46% of the articles), and the ethyl acetate extraction was the most used method (49% of the papers). Penicillium extracts and gliotoxin and acetylgliotoxin G bioactive compounds showed the highest cytotoxic activity. This review also focuses on the action mechanisms of the extracts and bioactive compounds of fungi against CRC, which were mediated by apoptosis induction and the arrest of the cell cycle, which induces a notable reduction in the CRC cell proliferation capacity, and by the reduction in cell migration that limits their ability to produce metastasis. Thus, the ability of fungi to induce the death of cancer cells through different mechanisms may be the basis for the development of new therapies that improve the current results, especially in the more advanced stages of the CCR.
... To MIC determination, 100 μL of LB broth was added to each well of [20,21]. In order to evaluate the MBC, 50 μL of bacteria in the wells which no growth was observed were inoculated on the surface of the LB agar medium in the adapted Petri dishes and incubated at 37 • C for 48 h. ...
In recent years, the use of plant compounds has been considered due to their lower side effects and drug resistance. In this study, the antitumor and antibacterial properties of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Acroptilon repens, Amaranthus retroflexus L, Chenopodium album L and Convolvulus arvensis L were investigated. In addition, the antioxidant, as well as apoptosis activity of these extracts, were evaluated using DPPH and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that methanolic extracts of weeds had higher anti-tumor activity compared to their aqueous extract on AGS cells. The lowest IC50 value of aqueous weeds extract against AGS cells was 0.75 mg/mL, which was observed in C. album, while this amount for the methanolic weeds extract was 0.23 mg/mL, which was observed in A. retroflexus. The DPPH and flow cytometry results revealed that the extracts of A. retroflexus is more appropriated compared to other extracts of weeds for future antitumoral application due to high ratio of apoptosis and antioxidant activity. The concentration of aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. retroflexus. required to inhibit 50% of free radical were 51.66 and 23.04 mg/mL respectively. Antimicrobial assays showed that the weeds extracts have good effective on Staphylococcus arouse compared to Escherichia coli. Generally, C. album extracts had higher antimicrobial properties than the extracts of A. repens, A. retroflexus and Convolvulus arvensis L. The lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of weed extract against E. coli and Staphylococcus bacteria was 500 and 1000 μg/mL, respectively, which was observed after their treatment with methanol extract of C. album. Weeds have various beneficial compounds, which many of them are still unknown, therefore, more research is needed to identify these compounds.
... In view of the remarkable antimicrobial activities and physiological capabilities mentioned above, the secondary metabolites (LRE541 extract) of LRE541 were examined against nine representative human malignant tumors in vitro. The result revealed that the LRE541 extract showed cytotoxic activity towards all of the tumor cell lines with IC 50 < 20 μg/mL, which is within the cut-off point of cytotoxicity criteria recommended by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for screening the cytotoxicity of crude plant extracts [31,32]. Moreover, the LRE541 extract exhibited cytotoxic activity against approximately 70% of the examined cancer cell lines with IC 50 < 10 μg/mL, and great antitumor potential against RKO, 7901 with IC 50 values of only 0.021 and 0.29 μg/ mL, respectively. ...
Background
Endophytic actinomycetes, as emerging sources of bioactive metabolites, have been paid great attention over the years. Recent reports demonstrated that endophytic streptomycetes could yield compounds with potent anticancer properties that may be developed as chemotherapeutic drugs.
Results
Here, a total of 15 actinomycete-like isolates were obtained from the root tissues of Lilium davidii var. unicolor (Hoog) Cotton based on their morphological appearance, mycelia coloration and diffusible pigments. The preliminary screening of antagonistic capabilities of the 15 isolates showed that isolate LRE541 displayed antimicrobial activities against all of the seven tested pathogenic microorganisms. Further in vitro cytotoxicity test of the LRE541 extract revealed that this isolate possesses potent anticancer activities with IC 50 values of 0.021, 0.2904, 1.484, 4.861, 6.986, 8.106, 10.87, 12.98, and 16.94 μg/mL against cancer cell lines RKO, 7901, HepG2, CAL-27, MCF-7, K562, Hela, SW1990, and A549, respectively. LRE541 was characterized and identified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. It produced extensively branched red substrate and vivid pink aerial hyphae that changed into amaranth, with elliptic spores sessile to the aerial mycelia. To further explore the mechanism underlying the decrease of cancer cell viability following the LRE541 extract treatment, cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest assays were conducted in two cancer cell lines, RKO and 7901. The result demonstrated that LRE541 extract inhibited cell proliferation of RKO and 7901 by causing cell cycle arrest both at the S phase and inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The chemical profile of LRE541 extract performed by the UHPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of thirty-nine antitumor compounds in the extract. Further chemical investigation of the LRE541 extract led to the discovery of one prenylated indole diketopiperazine (DKP) alkaloid, elucidated as neoechinulin A, a known antitumor agent firstly detected in Streptomyces ; two anthraquinones 4-deoxy- ε -pyrromycinone (1) and epsilon-pyrromycinone (2) both displaying anticancer activities against RKO, SW1990, A549, and HepG2 with IC 50 values of 14.96 ± 2.6 − 20.42 ± 4.24 μg/mL for (1); 12.9 ± 2.13, 19.3 ± 4.32, 16.8 ± 0.75, and 18.6 ± 3.03 μg/mL for (2), respectively.
Conclusion
Our work evaluated the anticarcinogenic potential of the endophyte, Streptomyces sp. LRE541 and obtained one prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloid and two anthraquinones. Neoechinulin A, as a known antitumor agent, was identified for the first time in Streptomyces . Though previously found in Streptomyces , epsilon-pyrromycinone and 4-deoxy- ε -pyrromycinone were firstly shown to possess anticancer activities.
Graphical Abstract
