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Citations
... In the open-access scenario, the quantity of exploited resources employed in the open-access industry will be such that the value of its average product is equal to its price, which results in Kaldor-Hicks social deadweight loss. Essentially, this is lost economic efficiency and reduction in social benefits, due to negative externalities [49]. As a consequence, common resources are prone to being misallocated across the regions, as seen for the A. pictum in our study, or completely depleted in the nature, as in case of overfishing in oceans. ...
This study explores a paradigm of sustainable land use in the oases along the Tarim River of northwest China, where a fragile, semi-arid riparian ecosystem is being deteriorated by excessive land and water use for agriculture, in particular for the growing of cotton. This situation of where reliance of agriculture on water demanding cash crops in this region poses a grave threat not only to the natural Tugai vegetation in the area but also to the long-term sustainability of the region. We explore the hypothesis that the species Apocynum pictum may act as a sustainable crop substitute for the region, thereby replacing the water demanding and widely distributed cash crop, cotton. Three natural resource management types of A. pictum were identified and a cost-revenue analysis was carried out for each. The results show that all three types of institutional arrangements of natural resources – open access, ranching and farming – are present in our study and at various levels. A. pictum farming costs 16,250.25 Yuan/ha, generates 49,014.45 Yuan/ha of revenue from raw materials and brings a profit of 49,014.45 Yuan/ha – the highest among of all three cash crops compared. We conclude that A. pictum offers opportunities for the restoration of vegetation in riparian ecosystems on salinized sites under the arid conditions of the Tarim Basin, while also serving as a viable land-use alternative to cotton for cash crop agriculture, as it may generate a certain income in the form of tea and fibers, as well as fodder for livestock.
... x Pareto istotne efekty zewntrzne – efekty zewntrzne, których skala jest na tyle duua i ma znaczenie dla optimum Pareto, e wymagaj podjcia okreelonych dziaáaa. x Kaldor-Hicks istotne efekty zewntrzne – efekty zewntrzne, w odniesieniu do których moliwa jest zmiana, któr beneficjenci zrekompensuj podmiotom traccym [Tisdell 2003]. x Statyczne i dynamiczne efekty zewntrzne. ...
