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Umbelopsis changbaiensis . a Sporangiophores showing different branching types; b and c Details of branchings on vesicles and sporangia; d Sporangiophores with different sizes and shapes of columellae at their tips after the sporangia have been dissolved or detached; e Sporangiospores
Source publication
Umbelopsis changbaiensis is described as a new species of the genus Umbelopsis, Umbelopsidaceae, Mucorales. It was isolated from forest soil mix in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, China. The new species is distinct from all the previously described species mainly in colony color, branching type of sporangiophores, and shape and size of columella...
Citations
... Umbelopsis was initially established as a taxonomic category by Amos and Barnett to accommodate the species U. v er siformis ( Amos and Barnett 1966 ). Currently, this genus comprises 26 accepted species (Amos and Barnett 1966, Yip 1986, Meyer and Gams 2003, Sugiyama et al. 2003, Mahoney et al. 2004, Wang et al. 2014b, 2022, Crous et al. 2017, Wanasinghe et al. 2018, Yuan et al. 2020 ). These species were commonly isolated from soil, leaf litter, and other substrates. ...
Aims
The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary framework of the genus Umbelopsis by using modern taxonomic strategies and evaluating the quality of oil and prospective uses of three distinct species.
Methods & Results
Three species of Umbelopsis were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic evidence obtained from three genes (ITS, LSU, and ACT). A new species of Umbelopsis was described and illustrated, and subsequently named Umbelopsis ophiocordycipiticola. The characteristics of U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited sporangia with a diameter ranging from 8 to 17 µm. and sporangiospores that were oval to ellipsoidal in shape, irregularly angular, with dimensions of approximately 1.9–2.9 × 1.7–3.0 µm. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to examine the composition of fatty acids. Notably, U. ophiocordycipiticola showed a significantly higher oil content of 50.89% in dry cell weight (DCW) compared to U. vinacea and U. ramanniana. The mean proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in U. ophiocordycipiticola was 32.38%, and the maximum levels of γ-linolenic acid (GLA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in U. ophiocordycipiticola were found to be 14.51%, 0.24%, 0.54%, and 0.53%, respectively. The biodiesel quality from all three species complied with applicable standards set by the American Association for Testing and Materials (ASTM 6751) and the Brazilian National Petroleum Agency (ANP 255).
Conclusions
The establishment of a novel species, U. ophiocordycipiticola, was strongly supported by morphological and molecular evidence. U. ophiocordycipiticola exhibited a high-value PUFAs content. Additionally, three Umbelopsis species demonstrated good quality for biodiesel production.
... The tree generated in this analysis was edited in FigTree V1.4.2 software (Yrew Rambaut, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh). Mortierella verticillata CBS 220.58 (JN943795/ JN940873) was chosen as an outgroup according to Wang et al. (2014). Sequences generated in this study were submitted to GenBank (ITS: OP380965 to OP380976, LSU: OP381093 to OP381100) (Supplementary Table 1). ...
... YNW-2018d in a well-supported group in both ITS and LSU data sets. We suggest that a taxonomic revision of U. ramanniana is required, with analysis of the clade, material type, and a more complete phylogenetic data set with more loci, such as MCM7, SSU, TEF1a, and ACT , and many species of Umbelopsis, as well as Mortierella (Owaga et al. 2005;Owaga et al. 2011;Wang et al. 2014). ...
Umbelopsis Amos & H.L. Barnett (Umbelopsidales, Mucoromycota) is a fungal genus reported as a producer of lipases and lipids. In the Southern Cone of America, there are a few records of Umbelopsis species. In this work, isolates from Nothofagus forests grown in Patagonia (Argentina) were identified using morphological and molecular criteria and characterized by their lipolytic enzyme production on Tween 20, Tween 80, olive oil, Nothofagus sawdust, and forest soil. Liquid and solid cultures and two different measurement methods were also tested. Furthermore, lipid composition in selected isolates was analyzed. Our results showed that Patagonian isolates belong to U. changbaiensis, U. nana, U. ramanniana, and U. vinacea. LPSc 520 and 521, isolated from forest soils in Tierra del Fuego and previously reported as Mortierella vinacea, were clustered in the U. ramanniana clade. A spectrophotometric method using 1,2-O dilaurylrac-glycerol-3-glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester as enzyme substrate was useful in detecting lipase activity in Umbelopsis isolates grown in liquid cultures; the results were compared with titrimetric analysis using NaOH. The U. ramanniana clade included isolates that showed their highest levels of lipase activity and lipid production in liquid cultures containing olive oil, Nothofagus sawdust, or forest soil. LPSc 521 showed the highest production of triacylglycerides and free fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, and unsaturated acids such as oleic, linoleic, and γ-linolenic. Since this lipid profile might be related to the habitat the fungus was isolated from, LPSc 521 may constitute an outstanding isolate for the synthesis of lipases and/or lipids adapted to cold conditions.
... For DNA extraction, strains were cultivated in malt extract (ME: malt extract 2%, peptone 0.1%, and dextrose 2%) for 4-8 days at 20 • C. Isolates were cultivated at 18 • C for 7-14 days on malt extract agar (MEA: malt extract 2% and agar 2%) and cornmeal agar (CMA: cornmeal 2% and agar 2% agar) under natural light for morphophysiological studies [23]. To determine the maximum growth temperature, each strain was tested three times on PDA for 5 days between 25 and 45 • C. ...
... Total genomic DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of partial nuclear small subunit (nSSU) rDNA, ITS and D1-D3 region of nLSU rDNA, and the partial γ-actin gene (act1) were conducted according to the protocols described by Wang et al. [23,32]. The partial regions of DNA replication licensing factor (MCM7) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) were amplified using the primer pairs Mcm7-8af (or MCM-709f)/MCM7-16r [33,34] and cox1/cox4 [35], respectively. ...
... Phylogenetic analyses using the maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and strict clock Bayesian inference (BI) algorithms were performed with RAxML8.0.23 [41], MEGA7 [39] and MrBayes v. 3.0b4 [42,43], respectively. The parameters for ML, MP and BI analyses were set following the methods described by Wang et al. [23,32]. Trees were visualized with Figtree [44] and edited in Adobe Illustrator CS4. ...
Umbelopsis ramanniana is one of the most commonly reported species within the genus and an important oleaginous fungus. The morphology of the species varies remarkably in sporangiospores, columellae and chlamydospores. However, phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and nLSU rDNA had previously shown insufficiency in achieving species level identification in the genus Umbelopsis. In this study, by applying a polyphasic approach involving multi-gene (nSSU, ITS, nLSU, act1, MCM7 and cox1) phylogeny, morphology and maximum growth temperature, U. ramanniana sensu lato was revealed as a polyphyletic group and resolved with five novel taxa, namely U. curvata, U. dura, U. macrospora, U. microsporangia and U. oblongielliptica. Additionally, a key for all currently accepted species in Umbelopsis was also updated.
... We detected a few fungi known for thriving at high temperatures (> 30 °C), but not resilient enough to be considered heat tolerant fungi (with the ability to grow at 40 °C [43]). These included Exophiala opportunistica, a black yeast that also withstands high moisture and alkalinity and is commonly found in dishwashers [44,45], Waitea circinata, a grass pathogen with optimal growth at 25-30 °C [46], Umbelopsis vinacea, a soil fungus that remains active up to 37 °C [47], Gaertneriomyces semiglobifer, a chytrid that also growth up to 37 °C [48], and Fusarium kerasplasticarum, an opportunistic animal pathogen that can also grow up to 37 °C. In addition, we found one unidentified species of Talaromyces, a genus that includes thermophilic and thermotolerant species [49]. ...
Geothermal soils offer unique insight into the way extreme environmental factors shape communities of organisms. However, little is known about the fungi growing in these environments and in particular how localized steep abiotic gradients affect fungal diversity. We used metabarcoding to characterize soil fungi surrounding a hot spring-fed thermal creek with water up to 84 °C and pH 10 in Yellowstone National Park. We found a significant association between fungal communities and soil variable principal components, and we identify the key trends in co-varying soil variables that explain the variation in fungal community. Saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungi community profiles followed, and were significantly associated with, different soil variable principal components, highlighting potential differences in the factors that structure these different fungal trophic guilds. In addition, in vitro growth experiments in four target fungal species revealed a wide range of tolerances to pH levels but not to heat. Overall, our results documenting turnover in fungal species within a few hundred meters suggest many co-varying environmental factors structure the diverse fungal communities found in the soils of Yellowstone National Park.
... Mycelia were grown at 27 ℃ for 5 d on PDA plates, and then cell DNAs were extracted with GO-GPLF-400 kit (GeneOnBio Corporation, Changchun, China). A span including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) D1-D2 domain of rDNA were amplified with primer pair NS5M and LR5M (Wang et al. 2014). ...
Absidia is ubiquitous and plays an important role in medicine and biotechnology. In the present study, nine new species were described from China in the genus Absidia , i.e. A. ampullacea, A. brunnea, A. chinensis, A. cinerea, A. digitata, A. oblongispora, A. sympodialis, A. varians , and A. virescens . Besides, two varieties A. cylindrospora var. nigra and A. spinosa var. biappendiculata were elevated to a specific rank as A. nigra comb. nov. and A. biappendiculata comb. nov., respectively. These new taxa were proposed based on a comprehensive investigation of morphological traits (such as shape and size of sporangia, sporangiospores and projections on columellae), physiological feature (maximum growth temperatures), and multi-locus sequences (including internal transcribed spacer, large subunit D1-D2 domains of nuclear ribosomal DNA, partial translation elongation factor 1 alpha gene and actin gene). All species mentioned above are illustrated, and an identification key to all the known species of Absidia in China is included.
... Mycelia were grown at 27 • C for 5 days on PDA plates, and then cell DNAs were extracted using a kit (GO-GPLF-400, GeneOnBio Corporation, Changchun, China). The ITS and D1-D2 domain of LSU rDNA were amplified with primer pairs NS5M and LR5M (Wang et al., 2014). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was as follows: an initial temperature at 95 • C for 5 min; then 30 cycles of denaturation at 95 • C for 20 s, annealing at 55 • C for 60 s, and extension at 72 • C for 60 s; and finally an extra extension at 72 • C for 10 min. ...
Four new species within the genus Absidia, A. globospora, A. medulla, A. turgida, and A. zonata, are proposed based on a combination of morphological traits, physiological features, and molecular evidences. A. globospora is characterized by globose sporangiospores, a 1.0-to 3.5-µm-long papillary projection on columellae, and sympodial sporangiophores. A. medulla is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 1.0-to 4.5-µm-long bacilliform projection on columellae, and spine-like rhizoids. A. turgida is characterized by variable sporangiospores, up to 9.5-µm-long clavate projections on columellae, and swollen top of the projection and inflated hyphae. A. zonata is characterized by cylindrical to oval sporangiospores, a 2.0-to 3.5-µm-long spinous projection on columellae, and as many as eight whorled sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer rDNA and D1-D2 domains of LSU rDNA support the novelty of these four species within the Absidia. All new species are illustrated, and an identification key to all the known species of Absidia in China is included.
... To inspect the morphology, the strain KNU-YC-1801B was cultured on three different media, namely, PDA, malt extract agar (MEA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA), and corn meal agar (CMA; Difco, Detroit, MI, USA), for 5 days and incubated at 25℃ [14]. The strains KNU-20F7, KNU-20F8, and KNU-20F9 were cultured on PDA and MEA and incubated at 25℃ for 3-5 days, after which the cultural and morphological characteristics were examined [15,16]. ...
... The cultural and morphological characteristics were the same with previously identified U. vinacea (Table 2). Fungal strain studied in this paper, b Sources of the descriptions [14]. ...
... Both U. nana and U. vinacea are isolated from forest soils in Japan [26]. Also, other strains of U. vinacea were isolated from sandy loam soil, forest soil, and soil under bushes in Australia and China, respectively [14]. ...
In the screening of fungal diversity, two strains were collected from the soil of Yeongcheon and dissected guts from the bodies of Chinese rice grasshopper (Oxya chinensis), Chinese grasshopper (Acrida cinerea), and Far eastern devil grasshopper (Oedaleus infernalis) from Daejeon in Korea. They were identified as Umbelopsis vinacea (KNU-YC-1801B) and Mucor hiemalis f. corticola (KNU-20F7, KNU-20F8, KNU-20F9). Multigene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, and large subunit (LSU) sequence data confirmed two unreported taxa along with their morphology. The results of molecular phylogeny firmly supported the detailed description and illustration for each taxon. As far as we know, both Umbelopsis vinacea and Mucor hiemalis f. corticola are the first reported taxa in Korea.
... However, potential primer bias existed in fungi and primer choice was critical for PCR success [18,19]. Multiple direct colony PCRs with different primer combinations or specific primers could be carried out to solve this problem [20]. A suitable Lywallzyme concentration is also important for successful PCR amplification, in order to provide enough for cell breakage but not so much that it causes inhibition of the PCR reaction. ...
In the post-genomic era, gene function analysis has attracted much attention. Transformation is often needed to investigate gene function. In this study, an easy, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective colony polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for screening mushroom transformants was developed: picking up a suitable amount of transformant’s tissue (1–10 μg) to 20 μl 0.25% Lywallzyme solution, and vortexing for 10 s followed by incubation at 34 °C for 15 min. Finally, 2 μl of the suspension was used as templates to perform PCR and single target bands were successfully amplified from respective transformants of Tremella fuciformis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Pleurotus tuber-regium. This procedure could be widely employed for screening transformants in mushroom transformation experiments.
... Finally, primer choice can sometimes be crucial for PCR success [29], and potential primer bias is an issue also for fungi [30]. Multiple direct colony PCRs with different primer combinations or specific primers [31][32][33][34][35] could be carried out to solve this problem. ...
Fungal pure cultures identified with both classical morphological methods and through barcoding sequences are a basic requirement for reliable reference sequences in public databases. Improved techniques for an accelerated DNA barcode reference library construction will result in considerably improved sequence databases covering a wider taxonomic range. Fast, cheap, and reliable methods for obtaining DNA sequences from fungal isolates are, therefore, a valuable tool for the scientific community. Direct colony PCR was already successfully established for yeasts, but has not been evaluated for a wide range of anamorphic soil fungi up to now, and a direct amplification protocol for hyphomycetes without tissue pre-treatment has not been published so far. Here, we present a colony PCR technique directly from fungal hyphae without previous DNA extraction or other prior manipulation. Seven hundred eighty-eight fungal strains from 48 genera were tested with a success rate of 86%. PCR success varied considerably: DNA of fungi belonging to the genera Cladosporium, Geomyces, Fusarium, and Mortierella could be amplified with high success. DNA of soil-borne yeasts was always successfully amplified. Absidia, Mucor, Trichoderma, and Penicillium isolates had noticeably lower PCR success.
... Umbelopsidaceae This family (Meyer and Gams 2003 ) contains only the type of genus, Umbelopsis , with 14 species (Meyer and Gams 2003 ;Sugiyama et al. 2003 ;Mahoney et al. 2004 ;Wang et al. 2014 ). The majority of species of Umbelopsis are isolated from leaf litter and soil (Meyer and Gams 2003 ). ...
... The majority of species of Umbelopsis are isolated from leaf litter and soil (Meyer and Gams 2003 ). Culture can be done on 2 % MEA, CMA, CZA, Miura agar (LcA, same as MA), PCA, and PDA Mahoney et al. 2004 ;Wang et al. 2014 ). Zygospores have never been reported. ...
This review presents a phylogenetically based classification of four subphyla of the early-diverging fungi: Kickxellomycotina, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, and Zoopagomycotina. The Kickxellomycotina contains four orders: Asellariales (symbionts with isopods and Collembola), Dimargaritales (haustorial mycoparasites), Harpellales (symbionts of insect larvae), and Kickxellales (saprobes). Mortierellomycotina contains a single order, Mortierellales, that includes both saprobes and root endophytes. Zoopagomycotina also has one order, Zoopagales, that contains species of obligate animal parasites or mycoparasites. Mucoromycotina has two orders, Endogonales (saprobes and ectomycorrhizal fungi) and Mucorales (primarily saprobes). The Mucorales is by far the most diverse order and includes 14 families and two distinct but unnamed clades. In addition to providing a phylogenetic and taxonomic overview of these subphyla, we provide information on growth and axenic cultivation of these fungi. We also discuss DNA barcoding, environmental sampling, genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses as they relate to these subphyla and other early-diverging fungal lineages. Evidence suggests that genome sequencing from a wide array of taxa in these four subphyla combined with innovative environmental sampling approaches is likely to revolutionize our understanding of these fungi and also the fungal tree of life.
