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![Ultrasound image [3A] showing anechoic fluid collection ( blue arrow) around the arteriovenous graft and [3B] doppler ultrasound showing patent arteriovenous graft (red arrow).](publication/309889423/figure/fig2/AS:427294872346627@1478886444716/Ultrasound-image-3A-showing-anechoic-fluid-collection-blue-arrow-around-the.png){kind=icon}
Ultrasound image [3A] showing anechoic fluid collection ( blue arrow) around the arteriovenous graft and [3B] doppler ultrasound showing patent arteriovenous graft (red arrow).
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![Figure 3: Ultrasound image [3A] showing anechoic fluid collection (...](publication/309889423/figure/fig2/AS:427294872346627@1478886444716/Ultrasound-image-3A-showing-anechoic-fluid-collection-blue-arrow-around-the_Q320.jpg){kind=icon}
![Figure 4: Chest CT axial [4A] and sagittal [4B] views showing multiple...](publication/309889423/figure/fig3/AS:667818106318854@1536231652547/Chest-CT-axial-4A-and-sagittal-4B-views-showing-multiple-peripheral-pulmonary_Q320.jpg)
We report a case of invasive candidiasis presenting as multiple lung nodules and cavitary lesions with minimal pleural effusion. Candida infections of the lung are rare but can occur after hematologic dissemination of the yeast from other body sites, such as the skin and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Here, we describe the case of a...
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Context 1
... image showed fluid collection around the patent arteriovenous graft (Fig. 3). Fine needle aspiration was done under ultrasound guidance and culture grew candida zeylanoides . Vascular surgeon did excision of infected arteriovenous graft and placed temporary Shiley catheter for hemodialysis. Later when blood cultures were negative, patient had permanent ...
Citations
... Background Candida albicans is the yeast that usually can be detected in healthy humans without causing health issues. However, when the immune system is compromised (e.g., long-term exposure to antibiotics, utilization of indwelling medical devices, and post-surgery), this yeast can penetrate the natural host barriers, invade the bloodstream, and intensely attack various organs, leading to invasive candidiasis (bloodstream infection/candidemia) and deep-seated infection with or without candidemia) that seriously threaten life [1,2]. Indeed, the global burden of invasive candidiasis remains high, with candidemia-causing C. albicans being the most prevalent, either in the general population or in hospitals [3]. ...
Background
Candida albicans causes high-mortality candidiasis. Antifungal drug resistance demands the development of virulence factor-targeting drugs, particularly antibiofilm. This study screened the effects of five invasive plants growing in Indonesia (Mimosa pudica, Lantana camara, Acacia mangium, Ageratina riparia, and Mikania micrantha) against C. albicans biofilms. Antifungal activity, antiphospholipase activity, biofilm morphology of C. albicans, and cytotoxic capacity were also evaluated.
Methods
Maceration was used to extract the plants, and the most active extract inhibiting the biofilms was fractionated using liquid–liquid fractionation. Antibiofilm activity was determined by a colorimetric assay, MTT. Antifungal activity was tested using the broth microdilution method. A phospholipase assay was performed using the egg-yolk agar method. Influence on the C. albicans morphology was assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic effect was carried out against Vero and HeLa cell lines.
Results
M. pudica extracts showed the most potent antifungal efficacy with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 15.62 µg/mL and 7.81 µg/mL for aerial parts and roots, respectively. At high concentrations (500 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL), ethanol extract of M. pudica aerial parts strongly inhibited the phospholipase activity. Ethyl-acetate fraction of M. pudica aerial parts demonstrated the most potent antibiofilm activity against 24 h old biofilm of C. albicans with an inhibitory concentration (53.89%) of 62.5 µg/mL showed no cytotoxicity in both Vero and HeLa cells. This fraction affected the morphology of C. albicans and contained promising compounds for inhibiting the 24 h old biofilm of C. albicans.
Conclusions
Invasive M. pudica plant inhibited the growth of planktonic C. albicans cells and its ethyl acetate fraction decreased the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms. This result demonstrates the potential of invasive M. pudica plant to reduce biofilm-associated candida infection.
... The Candida genus is considered commensals to humans, but some may cause lesions and invasive candidiasis that ranges from minimally symptomatic candidaemia to fulminant sepsis (Cruz 2010;Khosravi et al. 2013;Pappas et al. 2018). The C. zeylanoides was isolated from rare cases of candidaemia, onychomycosis, dermatitis, arthritis, pneumonia, endocarditis, and pus from larynx carcinoma wounds in humans (Crozier 1993;Jautová et al. 2001;Dorko et al. 2002;Arshad et al. 2017) and dermatitis in the southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) (Mouton et al. 2009). This is the first study that has identified C. zeylanoides in freeranging C. mydas, causing moderate to severe pneumonia and hepatitis associated with the cause of death in all three cases. ...
The green sea turtle Chelonia mydas inhabit near-shore areas exposed to threatening anthropogenic activities. The granulomatous lesions in these animals may indicate infectious diseases that can be associated with environmental contamination and hazards to human health. This study aimed to characterize the granulomatous inflammation associated with bacterial and fungal infection in C. mydas off Paraná state. From September 2015 to February 2019, systematic monitoring was performed by the Santos Basin Beach Monitoring Project for sea turtles’carcasses recovery, necropsy, and cause of death diagnosis. The tissue samples were fixed in buffered formalin 10% for histochemical analysis and frozen for molecular analysis to fungi detection (Internal Transcribed Spacer region of the nuclear rDNA) and bacteria detection (16S ribosomal gene). From a total of 270 C. mydas, granulomatous lesions were observed in different organs of 63 (23.3%) individuals. The histological analysis indicated lesions in 94 organs, affecting most respiratory and digestive systems. Bacteria were identified in 25 animals, including an acid-fast bacteria detected in one animal, and fungi in 24 C. mydas. The fungi species included the genus Candida (Candida zeylanoides, n = 3), Yarrowia (Yarrowia lipolytica, n = 9; Yarrowia deformans, n = 5; and Yarrowia divulgata, n = 1), and Cladosporium anthropophilum (n = 1). No species of bacteria was identified by molecular testing. All fungi species identified are saprobic, some are important to food and medical industries, but are also pathogens of humans and other animals. Therefore, long-term monitoring of these pathogens and the C. mydas health may indicate changes in environmental quality, possible zoonotic diseases, and their effects.
... Other noninfectious conditions include Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. [9,10]. ...
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an atypical bacterium that most commonly causes upper respiratory tract infections, but it can also cause pneumonia, referred to as “walking pneumonia.” Although cavitary lesions are present in a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious processes, those attributable to M . pneumoniae are extremely uncommon; thus, to date, epidemiological studies are lacking. Here, we present a rare case of a 20-year-old male, referred to us from a psychiatric facility for evaluation of a cough, who was found to have a cavitary lesion in the right upper lobe. An extensive workup for cavitary lesion was negative, but his mycoplasma IgM level was high. A computed tomography (CT) of the chest confirmed the presence of a cavitary lesion. After treatment with levofloxacin antibiotics, a follow-up CT showed complete resolution of the lesion. Our case is a rare presentation of mycoplasma pneumonia as a cavitary lesion in a patient without any known risk factors predisposing to mycoplasma infection. Early recognition and treatment with an appropriate antibiotic may lead to complete resolution of the cavitary lesion.
Clinically, fungi infections of the respiratory system are uncommon. The pathogen culture and the clinical characteristics are frequently used in the clinical diagnosis of fungi. Two different patterns of invasive pulmonary candidiasis have been described: primary candida bronchopneumonia and secondary pulmonary disease arising from haematogenous dissemination or rarely primary bronchopneumonia. Primary candida bronchopneumonia is limited largely to immunocompromised patients and is thought to occur by aspiration of candida into the upper respiratory tract. This is a case of a 55-year-old male who presented with the chief complaint of dyspnoea on exertion, intermittent fever, and cough associated with expectoration of 1-month duration. The fever was moderate grade and intermittent without chills, rigours, or night sweats. Respiratory system examination revealed bilateral scattered course crackles in both lung fields. Chest X-ray revealed heterogeneous opacities in bilateral upper lobes and hyperinflation of the lung. Biopsy specimens from para hilar (centrilobular nodules) were obtained and stained with haematoxylin/eosin, periodic acid Schiff, and Gram stain. Clusters of pseudohyphae and budding yeasts were detected in the nodules, indicating candida infection. Sputum microscopy confirmed pulmonary candidiasis. The patient’s bronchoscopy was done and bronchoalveolar lavage was sent for investigations and the growth of candidiasis came positive.
Candida species, belonging to commensal microbial communities in humans, cause opportunistic infections in individuals with impaired immunity. Pathogens encountered in more than 90% cases of invasive candidiasis include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis. The most frequently diagnosed invasive infection is candidemia. About 50% of candidemia cases result in deep-seated infection due to hematogenous spread. The sensitivity of blood cultures in autopsy-proven invasive candidiasis ranges from 21% to 71%. Non-cultural methods (beta-D-glucan, T2Candida assays), especially beta-D-glucan in combination with procalcitonin, appear promising in the exclusion of invasive candidiasis with high sensitivity (98%) and negative predictive value (95%). There is currently a clear deficiency in approved sensitive and precise diagnostic techniques. Omics technologies seem promising, though require further development and study. Therapeutic options for invasive candidiasis are generally limited to four classes of systemic antifungals (polyenes, antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine, azoles, echinocandins) with the two latter being highly effective and well-tolerated and hence the most widely used. Principles and methods of treatment are discussed in this review. The emergence of pan-drug-resistant C. auris strains indicates an insufficient choice of available medications. Further surveillance, alongside the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods, is essential.
Objective
Chronic erythematous candidiasis also known as denture-related stomatitis refers to inflammatory changes of the denture-bearing mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of chronic erythematous candidiasis in a Lebanese population using clinical and microbiological examinations.
Materials and Methods
Ninety-eight patients wearing full acrylic maxillary denture (50 women and 48 men) were included in this study. A clinical oral assessment and a microbiological exam using swab samples collected from the palate of these patients were performed and the data obtained were analyzed statistically.
Results
Sixty-nine point thirty-eight per cent (69.38%) of the patients examined, (68 out of 98; 25 men and 43 women), presented chronic erythematous candidiasis. The statistical analysis showed that patient’s gender was a significant predictor of the disease while no statistically significant relationship with the patient’s age was found.
Conclusion
Within the limits of this study, the prevalence of chronic erythematous candidiasis is estimated to be high in Lebanon. Women were more affected than men.
