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UV-vis spectra of (a) poly-o-bromoaniline (b) polyaniline (c) Poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline) PA-co-o-BrA50 in DMSO solvent
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A series of moderately conducting and soluble copolymers of poly(aniline-co-o-bromoaniline) (PA-co-o-BrA) having different compositions was obtained by in the situ copolymerization method using different concentrations of monomer units of aniline and o-bromoaniline in the feed. The physio-chemical properties of the copolymers have been studied with...
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Citations
... These results can be compared with the data in the literature that the chemical copolymerization of aniline and o-bromoaniline upon increasing ratio of o-bromoaniline to aniline in the feed, and copolymerization with the increasing composition of o-bromoaniline result in a decrease in the yield of copolymers due to steric hindrance of bromine group with more smooth and uniform surface. 87 Therefore, the reason for smooth and uniform surface with increasing amount of ProDOT-EO-Ester can be attributed to a decrease in the yield of copolymers due to steric hindrance as the huge size of the EO-ester probably decreases the rate of copolymerization process in spite of the high concentration of ProDOT-EO-Ester monomer. In addition, it was stated in a previous study that, polythiophene bearing oligoether chain 88 showed a smoother and more compact morphology compared to fibrillary morphology of poly (3-hexylthiophene). ...
In this study, electrochemical polymerization of 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT 1) , ProDOT bearing oligoether ester (ProDOT-EO-ester 2 ) and their copolymerization onto homogeneously CVD coated nano-graphene/Si support is realized to attain graphene/ProDOT based copolymer hybrid nanostructures. By introducing oligoether side chain to ProDOT backbone and using different [ProDOT]/[ProDOT-EO-ester] molar ratios ensures a considerable decrease in oxidation potential of polymer allowing tunable properties to copolymers revealing improvement electrochemical capacitance and electrochemical activity which are clearly reflected by the experimental results. Capacitive behavior of copolymers is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry. Moreover, The structural, morphological and spectroscopic characterization of the copolymers is investigated by XRD, AFM, SEM, EDX, FTIR, and Raman, respectively. By the increase of ProDOT in the copolymer composition, the higher dopant concentration is attained suggesting an enhanced conductivity agree well with the impedance and CV results, where the copolymerization of ProDOT 1 and ProDOT-EO-ester 2 in equal molarity results in the highest specific capacitance and redox activity. The adopted equivalent circuit model for polymers is in good agreement with the experimental data of impedance. Due to the difference in conjugated structure between ProDOT and ProDOT-EO-ester by the presence of the EO-ester group leads to a decrease in charge transfer resistance with increasing mole fraction of ProDOT-EO-ester. The charge transfer resistance of [ProDOT] 0 /[ProDOT-EO-ester] 0 = 1:1 coated Si/graphene is nearly 51 and 24 times lower value compared to those of PProDOT and P(ProDOT-EO-ester) homopolymers coated Si/graphene, respectively, confirming that the copolymerization improves the electron conduction. By Mott-Schottky measurements, increasing mole fraction of ProDOT-EO-ester 2 in copolymer composition results in the alteration of semiconducting behavior. The developed graphene-polymer hybrid electrodes can be a potential candidate for energy storage devices.
... The solubility plays a key role while choosing a polymer for applications viewpoint as fabricating material. To achieve the properties such as solubility functionality, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of the conducting polymer researchers have contributed a lot widely in the past [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. To the best of my knowledge till today only few research articles have focused the incorporation of -OH group in the backbone of polyaniline [4]. ...
... The OH-and alkyl-substituted phenyl carbon along with NH 2 groups favor polyaniline in terms of solubility. However, with some exceptions, few articles discussed the thermal stability and solubility and surface morphology of copolymers [4,13,22]. The copolymers with higher solubility, improved thermal stability and smooth morphology would be a better potential candidate for many applications such as electronics, cations-anions exchange-resins, membrane technology for the removal of heavy metal from the water. ...
... The electrical conductivity is measured at room temperature is presented in Table 1. The electrical conductivity of 1-100 S cm −1 for polyaniline in the salt form has been reported elsewhere [14,22,23]. We report here the electrical conductivity polyaniline of the order 6.34 × 10 -2 S cm −1 which is somewhat lower than the conductivity reported by MacDiarmid et al. [25]. ...
An improvement of physiochemical properties such as solubility, crystallinity, and the surface morphology of the copolymer have been achieved via the in-situ copolymerization of the monomers units using ammonium persulfate as an oxidising agent. To study the optical behavior of the as-synthesized copolymers UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis has been performed. Atomic force microscopy has been used to study the roughness profile and surface morphology. For the functional group characterization of the copolymer, FT-IR analysis has been considered. Electrical conductivity has been investigated by the two-probe method. The conductivity of copolymers (PA-co-3-AP)s has been diminished overall. The amount of molar feed in the composition determines the nature of conductivity.
... These studies primarily engaged on some significant physical properties viz. solubility, electrical conductivity, optical activity, thermal stability, and property of halogenated polyaniline and specially fluorine derivative [6,7]. Especially, for halogen derivatives of polyaniline, some of the most recent studies included here are the density functional calculation on geometry, vibration, and spectral features of halogenated aniline which has been reported by doing the computational studies [8]. ...
... Dielectric and AC conductivity of poly(aniline-co-3-bromoaniline) have been reported recently [10]. Physical studies such as solubility, conductivity, thermal stability, morphology, and electronic properties have been reported for the fluorine substituted copolymers of poly(3fluoroaniline) and poly(aniline-co-3-fluoroaniline) [11] The general overview of physical properties of the copolymer poly(aniline-co-fluoroaniline) has been discussed [1,6]. The composite material of CdSe/polyaniline/C 60 has been obtained by facile method, in which the CdSe/C 60 quantum dot has been employed as a promoting agent for the polymerization [12]. ...
... In Fig. 2, the frequency dependence of dielectric strength is shown. In the statement ε(ω) = ε′(ω) + iε″(ω), the total of dielectric value for real and imaginary part is stated mathematically, where (ε′) stands for real value of dielectric constant for stored energy of the medium due to external electric field while ε″ stands for the loss of dielectric imaginary part [6,11,14,[17][18][19]. Here, polyaniline shows sigmoid curve for dielectric nature [6]. ...
An improved frequency dependent AC-conductivity ng of poly(aniline-co-o-fluoroaniline)s (PA-co-o-FAs) has been recorded which are synthesized by in-situ copolymerization of aniline with o-fluoroaniline by oxidation of the monomers mixture (in different molar feed ratios) using aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate as oxidant. The electrical AC conductivity of the copolymers has been measured at varying frequency condition. The dielectric behavior of PA-co-o-FA copolymers has also been recorded at varying frequency. The solid-state nature of copolymer PA-co-o-FA10 has been characterized by XRD analysis. The morphology and thickness of the copolymer film have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study, respectively. The morphological and surface profile behavior of the copolymers has been studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
A microbial fuel cell is a biological electrochemical system that extracts electrons stored in organic matter by oxidation using catalytic properties of microorganisms at bioanode. The major problem in such device, is however limited power production due to slow kinetic of oxygen reduction at cathode. It is worthwhile to develop new materials that fulfil these requirements. The polymerization of aniline onto carbon cloth for effective electrodeposition of platinum nanoparticles has been carried out by chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry. Three materials were thus elaborated, namely pristine carbon cloth, carbon cloth modified with platinum and carbon cloth modified by polymerization of aniline for immobilization of Pt-nanoparticles. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic band located in 1720–1650 cm⁻¹, attributed to imine function, main component in skeleton of polymer PANI chain. The modified materials have been utilized as cathode in cell inoculated with medicinal plant wastes for improvement of oxygen reduction. Modified cathode with CC-PANI-Pt proved higher performances in all respects: increase of cell voltage from 338 to 765 mV and power density from 862 to 1510 mW/m² and abatement of COD of microbial inoculum leachate to 88%. Another feature of cell with modified cathode CC-PANI-Pt, was the enormous electric charge density harvested upon oxidation of 1 mL of acetate 7.62 C/cm² compared to that of cell with pristine CC cathode 0.54 C/cm². Nevertheless, coulombic efficiency for conversion of medicinal plant wastes into bioenergy was relatively lower 9%, making in evidence that elaborated electrochemical device was rather efficient and benificial environmentally than energetically.
This review discusses the physical and physicochemical properties of polyaniline (PANI) derivatives. The most important methods for the preparation of functionalized polyanilines are presented. The presence of various substituents in its structure changes the polymer characteristics significantly due to steric and electronic effects of the functional groups. This review describes the relationship between the properties of functionalized polyanilines depending on the nature, number and position of the substituents at the aromatic ring.
In the current study, we have described the synthesis and the physical properties of poly(aniline-co-m-bromoaniline) conducting copolymers. The copolymers of different composition are essentially obtained by varying the molar feed ratio of the two monomers. The higher solubility of the copolymers could be procured as compared to polyaniline (PA) in different solvents. The electrical conductivity has been studied by two-probe method; at room temperature, the conductivity of the copolymer decreases upon increasing the molar ratio of m-bromoaniline monomer. The introduction of bromine (–Br) group reduces the degree of conjugation in the polymer chain. Thus, conduction of electrons is prohibited along the conjugated system. In the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), a three-stage decomposition of the copolymer has been observed. The copolymers of poly(aniline-co-m-bromoaniline) are thermally stable at high temperature. The composition of the copolymer has been confirmed from the binding energies of C–C, C–N, and C–Br in the XPS study.
