Figure - available from: Journal of Materials Science
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Source publication
In this current paper, we report the use of inexpensive, simple electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique in developing polyaniline (PANI) aqueous colloidal suspension coating on copper (Cu) substrate. Polyaniline nanoparticle films were deposited electrophoretically on the surface of copper sheet electrode. A colloidal suspension with high stabil...
Citations
... More recently, attention has turned to the use of conducting polymers, wherein there is extensive delocalization of pi electrons. PANI and its derivatives have shown high inhibition efficiency toward mild steel in acidic conditions, but its processability, as noted previously, for coating surfaces can be problematic [98,99]. PAA can be imagined to be similarly effective, wherein the amino and carboxyl and the conjugated network could all play a part in the inhibition process. ...
Polyaniline has been utilized in various applications, yet its widespread adoption has often been impeded by challenges. Composite systems have been proposed as a means of mitigating some of these limitations, and anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid) has emerged as a possible moderator for use in co-polymer systems. It offers improved solubility and retention of electroactivity in neutral and alkaline media, and, significantly, it can also bestow chemical functionality through its carboxylic acid substituent, which can greatly ease post-polymer modification. The benefits of using anthranilic acid (as a homopolymer or copolymer) have been demonstrated in applications including corrosion protection, memory devices, photovoltaics, and biosensors. Moreover, this polymer has been used as a versatile framework for the sequestration of metal ions for water treatment, and, critically, these same mechanisms serve as a facile route for the production of catalytic metallic nanoparticles. However, the widespread adoption of polyanthranilic acid has been limited, and the aim of the present narrative review is to revisit the early promise of anthranilic acid and assess its potential future use within modern smart materials. A critical evaluation of its properties is presented, and its versatility as both a monomer and a polymer across a spectrum of applications is highlighted.
... The thermal analysis exposed copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles could be retarding the decomposition of polyaniline chain to the higher temperature. The entire weight loss of the PANI/GA/CuO and AgNPs@PANI/GA/CuO nanocomposite is 56.92 and 43.08%, respectively, with the residue of copper oxide (CuO) being 42.88 and 57.12 % [29][30][31]. Generally, it can be concluded that the PANI/GA/CuO and AgNPs@PANI/GA/CuO nanocomposite's thermal stability is enhanced by gallic acid's accessibility. ...
AgNPs@PANI/GA/CuO nanocomposites are formed up of embedded silver nanoparticles in polyaniline (PANI), gallic acid (GA), and copper(II) oxide. Using anhydrous iron trichloride (FeCl3) as an oxidant, gallic acid has been polymerized in situ in the presence of aniline monomers. To reduce silver nitrate (AgNO 3) and enable the integration of AgNPs onto the surface of the nanocomposite, Tridax procumbens leaf extract was utilised. A particulate size range of 50-10 nm for magnetic CuO nanoparticles was effectively added to the PANI-GA matrix. The AgNPs-decorated nanocomposite has been characterised via FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDAX, TEM, and SAED, among other techniques. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and TGA/DTA analysis have also been used to investigate the magnetic, thermal, and biological properties of nanocomposites. Using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, the catalytic qualities of the AgNPs@PANI/GA/CuO are studied about the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol.
... The absorption peak at ~335-345 nm is attributed to the π-π* transition of the benzenoid rings, while the peak at ~445-455 nm is ascribed to the polaron-π * transition, and the peak at ~640-660 nm is due to the π-polaron transition. The peak at ~335-345 nm can also be attributed to the leucoemeraldine form of PANI, while the peak at ~445-455 nm is due to the protonated form of PANI [48]. Table 2. ...
Conducting polymers are recognized as responsive gels capable of responding to the changes in their surrounding environment through their unique electrochemical response. Various polyanilines at different reaction time were synthesized chemically and their properties were examined using TGA, UV-VIS spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and coulovoltammetry (QV). To investigate their electrochemical sensing capabilities towards both electrical and chemical stimuli, the chronopotentiometric responses in HCl solutions were monitored by varying the working variables: the applied current and electrolyte concentration, at a constant charge obtained from respective QV. The consumed electrical energy during the electrochemical reaction was observed to change linearly with the driving current, while a logarithmic relationship was established with the electrolyte concentration. The electrical energy served as the sensing parameter, and the sensitivity was found to be associated with the reaction time during synthesis of the polymers, with longer chains exhibiting greater sensitivity. The experimental findings were validated using a theoretical equation. Applicability of polyaniline to act as a model material for designing bio-mimetic sensing devices using only two connecting wires is verified here as they mimic the electrochemical reactions of biological muscles comprising of natural polymeric chain.
... Then without wasting time, a Cu-layer (2 × 2 mm 2 ) was deposited on the top Pani layer as the top electrode by direct current magnetron sputtering, and the contact wires was connected to up and down electrodes by Cu-paste. The final product is a PZP which was evaluated as a flexible SUP and is called SZP. 25.3° which are probably assigned to the interspersing from polymer conjugation chains at inter-planar spacing [20,30,45,46]. XRD analysis of the ZnO in Fig. 1a [47,48]. ...
... Moreover, a significant shift of the Pani main peak located at 25.3° toward 24.2° confirms the creation of a correlative interface between the Pani and ZnO layers. [45,[50][51][52]. The UV-vis absorbance spectra of the ZnO, Pani, and PZP were gained through a UV-visible optical absorbance spectrometer (Avantas), and the curves are represented in Fig. 1c. ...
... According to this figure, the ZnO exhibits a significant apex absorption edge at 367 nm (UV region), which is corresponded to the energy gap between its valance band and conducting band (E g ; band gap) [53]. The Pani displays three absorption peaks at 281, 431, and 925 nm that are attributed to π-π* transition, intermediate localized electronic states polaron-π* transition, and π-polaron transition, respectively [36,45,51,52]. These bands indicate the formation of conducting CSA-doped Pani. ...
Nowadays, the improvement of flexible self-powered ultra-violet light (UV) photodetectors (UPs) to maintain health and optimization of photovoltaic energy utilization has drawn immense attention. In this literature, a Polyaniline/Zinc oxide nanorods /Polyaniline heterojunction (PZP)-based self-powered UP (SZP) on a flexible substrate is constructed. The morphology, structure, and optical features of the synthesized materials and PZP were precisely examined. Upon examining the I-V-T plots for the SZP, the device exhibited nonlinear rectifying characteristics under forward-reverse bias voltages and different temperatures. The Richardson constant and mean built-in potential were found to be 29 A.cm².K² and 0.02 eV, respectively. The assessment of the I–V characteristic of the SZP under UV illumination at zero bias voltage offers a short-circuit current which proves that the device can generate an independent photocurrent from external bias voltage. Moreover, the SZP showed an outstanding maximum photocurrent (Iph,Max) of 71.96 µA and a response speed of 1.08 s at a light power density of 25.48 mW/cm², while it displayed significant photoresponsivity of 50.38 mA/W under light power density of 1.02 mW/cm² at zero bias voltage. The effect of external strain on the Iph,Max of the device was offered an increment of the relative Iph,Max up to 2.86% under a compressive strain of − 1.01% at UV illumination of 1.02 mW/cm². Furthermore, our hand-made device presented less than 10% change in photoresponsivity over 5 months, which provides long-term performance with the correct accuracy and reliability.
... This pursuit is driven by both environmental concerns and economic requirements. However, designing composite materials that meet these criteria, incorporating the appropriate selection of fillers, fibres, and matrices in optimal combinations and proportions, remains a challenge due to the lack of precise guidelines [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The complexity further escalates as the aspect ratio and particle size of the fibre particles become crucial factors influencing performance, alongside the selection of appropriate assessment techniques and tribological performance evaluation methods. ...
... However, many problems such as pipe corrosion and fracture failure, which affect the efficiency of CO 2 flooding, pose major obstacles to promoting the widespread adoption of this technology. Therefore, proposing efficient corrosion prevention and control technology and successfully applying it in oilfields is one of the key means to slow down pipe corrosion [6,7]. Currently, various anticorrosion measures are used in oilfields, including anticorrosion materials, coatings, corrosion inhibitors, etc. [8][9][10][11]. ...
In order to clarify the difference in corrosion performance between low Cr-containing (3Cr, 5Cr, and 9Cr) tubing material and carbon steel N80 in the Carbon dioxide (CO2) flooding injection and production environment and the range of adaptation, corrosion tests and analysis were carried out in simulated working conditions. In this paper, the electrochemical potentiodynamic testing technology and the weight loss method were used to comparatively analyze the corrosion performance and variation law of three types of tubing materials with different Cr contents in a simulated CO2 flooding-produced water environment under different partial pressure conditions. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) analysis were conducted to examine the surface corrosion morphology characteristics and elemental composition of material films under various conditions. The results indicate that the open circuit potentials of 3Cr, 5Cr, and carbon steel N80 were similar under the same experimental conditions. However, the open circuit potentials of 9Cr were relatively high and there was an obvious passivation zone in anodic polarization. Nevertheless, compared to that of 13Cr, the passivation state was unstable, and pitting corrosion continued to expand once it formed. This demonstrates that the corrosion resistance of the material can be effectively enhanced and a stable passivation state can be achieved in the anodic polarization region when the Cr content of the material reaches at least 13%. The service life of materials can be predicted based on their corrosion rate under high temperature and pressure simulation environments. We found that 9Cr materials exhibited good adaptability while 3Cr and 5Cr materials showed poor adaptability. Therefore, it was not recommended to use 3Cr and 5Cr materials. Therefore, 3Cr, 5Cr, and N80 materials will be used at lower partial pressure levels of CO2 (<0.2 MPa).
... As can be seen in Fig. 4a, three particular peaks of polyaniline at 362, 434, 953 nm are attributed to ππ*, polaron-π*, and π-polaron transitions, respectively. This illustrates that the electrodeposited PAni films were in emeraldine salt form [26]. Therefore, in comparison to the peaks of the PAni films, we observed a significant change in all absorption peaks, which are shown in Fig. 4b for Ni-PAni, and are as follows: 338, 434, 654, the peak shifts observed confirmed the interaction of Ni with the amine sites of the polyaniline, which is consistent with the results reported by Mrinmoy Goswami et al. [27]. ...
A non-enzymatic glucose sensor using a nickel particles/polyaniline composite has been synthesized on an indium tin oxide electrode. The PAni thin films were deposited onto the ITO surfaces using a repeated potential cycling technique in an aqueous solution containing aniline, sulfuric acid, and lithium perchlorate. Nickel particles were incorporated into the PAni/ITO surfaces using chronopotentiometry. Scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the surface morphology and structure of the Ni-PAni composite, while Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties. The modified electrode was electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The effect of PAni thin film thickness on the nickel deposition process has also been studied. Nickel was chosen due to its reduction potential being within the range where the PAni layer is in a reduced, non-conducting state. The electroactivity of the Ni-PAni/ITO electrode was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry and explored its potential for electrocatalytic glucose oxidation in an alkaline (NaOH) electrolyte. Excellent linearity in the peak oxidation current of glucose within the concentration range from 0.02 mM to 9 mM was observed with a high linear regression coefficient of 0.997. The Ni-PAni/ITO electrode displayed a high sensitivity of 215.8 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² in addition to the fast response time, which is less than 2 s. These results suggest that the Ni-PAni composite has the potential to be an effective electrode material to develop a cost-effective glucose sensor.
Graphical abstract
Schematic illustration of the preparation of Ni-polyaniline electrode for glucose sensing
... The larger particles often have higher scattered light intensities, resulting in a peak in the curve at greater particle sizes [36]. Table 2 shows a comparison between previous data and the results of this works [37][38][39]. The electrochemical measurements were performed for the HNTs/ PANI nanocomposite electrode samples using a three-electrode cell system. ...
... Polymeric materials demonstrate distinct properties, in contrast to ceramics and metals, due to their relatively high strength to weight ratio and their viscoelastic behaviour characteristics [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Polymeric tribo-composite materials can be altered by incorporating reinforcements, filler materials and lubricants, in accordance with the predicted wear forms or situations [17][18][19]. ...
Thermoplastic composite materials are widely used for aerospace, automobile and structural applications due to their good combination of high strength to weight ratio and specific modulus. Combined with the ease of melt processing, good resistance to corrosion, low friction, and noise damping are attributes which make them a popular choice in a wide range of emerging applications. Random, short-fibre, E-glass fibre reinforced Polyamide 6 (PA6) composites were manufactured by injection moulding in three different fibre volume fractions (25%, 33% and 50%) and the samples were scanned using micro-CT. The tribological properties of PA6 and glass fibre reinforced PA6 were investigated in the abrasive wear mode by using a pin-on-disc test setup. The tests were done at an abrading distance of 257 m and applied load of 10 N. The abrasive wear experiments were performed against three abrasive grit size papers (220, 500 and 1000 grit), to ascertain the wear response of the studied materials with respect to these adverse running conditions. Moreover, the mechanical properties of PA6 and PA6 composites were examined using tensile testing and compression testing. The surface roughness of the worn surfaces was analysed using a 3D digital profilometer. The worn surface topographies were scanned using field emission scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that the optimum fibre loading that was associated with the highest wear resistance was 33% volume fraction of glass fibres, and the wear performance deteriorated with higher fibre loadings. The increase in the grit size showed a significant reduction to the wear rates of all compositions. The results confirmed that the wear performance of polyamide composites is highly dependent on the tribological system under which it is being tested.
Graphical Abstract
... Pharmacological substances [7] are potentially environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors for copper, according to numerous studies and investigations [8], and pharmaceuticals that are out-of-date or flawed could also be used as conventional inhibitors. Green corrosion inhibitors are natural substances that find application not only in pharmaceutical production [9] but also in plant extraction, which helps to mitigate costs while ensuring the continued availability of 2 traditional medicines [10]. About 90 % of the medicine's active ingredient remains stable after expiration for a long time [11]. ...
The application of copper as a material in various fields is widely recognized. However, in acidic environments, the electrical and mechanical properties of copper undergo negative alterations, resulting in its dissolution. To protect copper from degradation, the most effective approach is to employ inhibitors. Hence, in this paper, the expired ibuprofen drug has been investigated as a corrosion inhibitor for copper in 0.5 M H2SO4, employing weight loss and electrochemical tests. Compared with the pharmaceutical products used by other researchers in this field, the results showed that ibuprofen is highly effective in protecting copper from corrosion. It was noted that the inhibitory efficacy of ibuprofen increases with concentration. In addition, it was found that its adsorption follows Langmuir isotherm.
