Figure
UV-Vis spectra of the TiO2 thin films at different precursor temperatures. (a) Sample A at 75°C and (b) sample B at 60°C.
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The hydrophilic TiO2 films were successfully deposited on slide glass substrates using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a single precursor without carriers or bubbling gases by a metal-organic chemical vapor deposition method. The TiO2 films were employed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, UV-Visible [UV-Vis] spe...
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... the peak around 500 to 1,000 cm -1 should be assigned to the stretching vibra- tion of Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti. In the case of sample B, the intensity of the O-H stretching peak was increasing more than that of sample A. This means that sample B has more high surface energy than sample A. Figure 5 shows the UV-Vis spectrum of deposited TiO 2 thin films at different precursor temperatures such as 75°C (sample A) and 60°C (sample B). The TiO 2 thin film was fast deposited at the sample A con- dition (precursor temperature at 75°C). ...Similar publications
We present a simple and very convincing approach to visualizing that subsequent layers of graphene grow between the existing monolayer graphene and the copper catalyst in chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Graphene samples were grown by CVD and then transferred onto glass substrates by the bubbling method in two ways, either direct-transfer (DT) to y...
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... The cross-sectional view of the coatings exhibits a combination of columnar and co-axial grain growth. High temperatures are beneficial for the formation of the coating and crystal growth [27,28]. ...
Titanium has revolutionized various industries due to its exceptional properties, including superior tensile strength, lightweight, and remarkable resistance to oxygen and acids. However, titanium has limitations, such as high-temperature interactions and hydrogen embrittlement. Protective coatings using Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) deal with these challenges. Tantalum and tungsten nitride coatings provide corrosion resistance and surface hardness improvement. Adding metals like gold, silver, and copper can modify coated materials but may result in immiscible phases. Silver-doped coatings are used for their thermal conductivity, antimicrobial properties, and widespread applications in medical devices and sports equipment. Enhancing the surface characteristics of Cp-Ti (grade 2) through tantalum-tungsten-based coatings is the objective of this study. The structural properties, mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties were evaluated through XRD, SEM, AFM, XPS analyses, nanoindentation, scratch tests. In this study, tantalum-tungsten-based coatings were applied to Cp-Ti (Grade 2) to enhance its surface properties, with evaluations conducted through various analyses and tests revealing details about their structural features and performance. Notably, the addition of silver to the coatings amplified their hardness and antibacterial properties, though it detrimentally affected corrosion performance due to an increase in gaps count.
... As shown in Figure 4a for sample (TO1), the peaks around (436.96 cm -1 ) to (799.58 cm -1 ) are due to stretching vibration of (Ti-O-Ti) and (Ti-O) [19], there is also a peak around (1053.72) cm -1 due to (C-C) bond, the appearance of peaks around (1400.36 to 1686.53 cm -1 ) denoted the presence of carboxylate which formed from ethanol precursor, and a peak at (2978.80 cm -1 ) and (3668 cm -1 ) is due to (-OH) stretching and bending vibration mode [22]. While, for the FTIR absorption spectrum for sample (TO2), Figure 4b elucidated peaks around (431.89 to 821.96 cm -1 ) representing (Ti-O) band and (Ti-O-Ti), respectively, there was also a broad band around (1400 to 35000 cm -1 ) denoted the presence of carboxylate which formed from the titanium butoxide precursor [20], and finally, sample (TO2) had a peak around (3695.44 cm -1 ) due to the (-OH) stretching mode. Figure 5 portrays the transmittance spectra of prepared TiO2 NRs for samples (TO1) and (TO2), the transmission increases with the increasing wavelength for both samples, sample (TO1) had the highest optical transmittance, whereas sample (TO2) had the lowest optical transmittance, and this is due to the fact that the sample (TO1) thickness being smaller than that for the sample (TO2), both samples were transparent in the visible wavelength range. ...
In this work, we reported a study on the hydrothermal process used to create TiO2 NRs films on FTO substrate utilizing two various solutions, the first one is composed of (ethanol, and titanium butoxide) while the second is composed of (HCl, DIW, and titanium butoxide). The study on the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties helped to identify the characteristics of the TiO2 film which were prepared by using different solvents, the first sample (TO1) presented anatase -phase crystal structure with (3.2 eV) energy gap while the second (TO2) presented a Rutile phase with (3 eV) energy gap. The (nanorod) morphology was observed for the (TO2) sample while irregular grains were found for the (TO1) sample. Transmittance measurements have been used to investigate the optical properties, which revealed that both samples were transparent in the visible wavelength range, and absorption coefficients were higher for sample (TO2) with a rutile phase. The activation energy was (0.0226) eV and (0.0643) eV for both samples (TO1) and (TO2), respectively. The n-type conductivity was confirmed by Hall Effect measurement for both samples. The highest conductivity (300.655) (Ω-1.cm-1) and carrier consternation (1.07355 ×1017) (cm-3) were attained from sample (TO1).
... Fig. 2 depicts the typical peaks that appear in FTIR spectra along the deposited films' vibrational mode. It is suggested that Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti stretching vibration is responsible for peaks between 500 and 1000 cm − 1 [56,57]. The minor peaks at different positions occur due to organic impurities and surfactants corresponding to stretching vibrations of O-H and C = O. ...
In developing quicker, smaller, and more efficient optoelectronic devices, composite thin films are becoming
progressively crucial. One reason for using composite thin films is to improve materials optical and electrical
properties. Thermal Evaporation is a type of physical vapor deposition that can produce thin films with well controlled nanostructures that are pure, homogeneous, and conformal. The prime focus of this study was to
fabricate TiO2 and composite TiO2:ZnO thin films on ITO-coated glass substrates by thermal Evaporation. The
goal of this study was to investigate the optical, structural, and electrical properties of deposited thin films. The
optical properties were assessed using UV–Vis and Photoluminescence spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy was
used to identify the fingerprint of materials. The crystal structure of deposited thin films was investigated using
X-ray diffraction. The changes in morphology induced by adding ZnO content to TiO2 were examined using
optical microscopy. SEM investigation corroborated the granular-like structure of thin films, whereas EDX
demonstrated the doping and composition of ZnO concentration in TiO2. The electrical measurements were
performed using the Van der Pauw technique. Adding ZnO into TiO2 improved transmission, photoconductivity,
and optical bandgap to generate a viable electron transport material (ETM) for efficient perovskite solar cells
(PSC). XRD results revealed the grain size increase after adding ZnO into TiO2. The transmission was increased to
95%, while the bandgap was decreased from 3.8 eV to 3.68 eV. It was also revealed that after integrating ZnO
into TiO2, the generated thin films have stronger visible photoluminescence peaks, and the material’s conductivity has been improved. The results indicate that TiO2:ZnO could be employed as an ETM in PSC to improve
productivity.
... The material peak detected at 748 cm −1 corresponds to the stretching mode of the Cd-S bond [67,68]. The broad band at below 1000 cm −1 , with minimum values of 670 cm −1 and 522 cm −1 , can be attributed to the typical Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti stretching and bending vibrational modes of TiO2, respectively, as determined by prior published research [69,70]. In contrast, the peaks at 1976 and 1964 cm 1 are attributable to O-H stretching vibrations. ...
This work focuses on preparing TiO2, CdS, and composite TiO2:CdS thin films for photovoltaic applications by thermal evaporation. The suggested materials exhibit very good optical and electrical properties and can play a significant role in enhancing the efficiency of the device. Various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques were considered to investigate the optical, morphological, photoluminescence, and electrical properties. FTIR confirms the material identification by displaying some peaks in the fingerprint region. UV Vis spectroscopy yields high transmission (80–90%) and low absorbance (5–10%) within the spectral region from 500 nm to 800 nm for the composite thin films. The optical band gap values for CdS, TiO2, and TiO2:CdS thin films are 2.42 eV, 3.72 eV, and 3.6 eV. XRD was utilized to analyze the amorphous nature of the thin films, while optical and SEM microscopy were employed to examine the morphological changes caused by the addition of CdS to TiO2. The decrease in the bandgap of the composite thin films was determined by the Tauc plot, which is endorsed due to the band tailing effects. Photoluminescence spectroscopy depicts several emission peaks in the visible region when they are excited at different wavelengths, and the electrical measurement enhances the material conductivity. Furthermore, the proposed electron transport materials (TiO2, CdS, TiO2:CdS) were simulated with different perovskite materials to validate their design by employing the SCAPS-1D program and assess their performance in commercial implementation. The observed results suggest that TiO2:CdS is a promising candidate to be used as an ETM in PSC with enhanced productivity.
... The peak at 1080 cm −1 belongs the vibration of C-O bond and the broad peak at 671 cm −1 is related to the Ti-O stretching vibration. 49 In the TiO 2 /MWCNT spectrum, two peaks which represent the methylene structure (CH 2 ) in the carbon nanotubes appear in 2918. significance of this study was to explore the best electrode with enhanced electron transport properties. ...
An electrochemical sensor based on titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and multi-walled carbon (MWCNTs) nanocomposite was fabricated for simultaneous detection of guanine (GU) and adenine (AD). Nanocomposite was dispersed in water/ethanol with a certain aspect ratio and drop cast onto a glassy carbon electrode. Fourier transfor, infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction methods as well as electrochemical technique, such as cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, and differential pulse voltammetry were performed to characterize the TiO 2 /MWCNTs nanocomposite and describe the electrochemical oxidation process. The fabricated sensor shows separate and well-defined peaks for AD and GU, by which one can determine these purine bases individually or simultaneously. Response to GU and AD are linear in the 2.84 to 125 μM concentration range, and the detection limits are 0.97 and 0.4 μM for GU and AD, respectively. The sensor was successfully utilized for the measurement of GU and AD in a diluted human serum sample. The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, long-term stability and could be used to quantify of GU and AD in real samples sample successfully
... This Ag-O bond is present only in TiO 2 /Ag/ TiO 2 multilayer films but not observed in TiO 2 monolayer film (TAT A) which is in accordance with the experiment. Although, no effect was observed in [26]. The inset of Fig. 7 presents the same FTIR spectra (1200 and 4000 cm -1 ) but in high scale for clarity. ...
TiO2/Ag/TiO2 multilayer films have been deposited by Ion-beam sputtering technique with different Ag thickness. X-ray reflectivity technique with 3-layer fitting model has been used to calculate thickness, density, and roughness of the multilayer films. Gaussian fitting of XRD and Raman data is used to detect the crystalline growth of films while FTIR data confirm the presence of metal layer in the films. A phonon confinement effect originating from decrease in crystallite size is also observed with blue shift in some of the Raman active modes. Effect of Ag layer thickness on optical and electrical properties of multilayer films has been presented including a comparative study of our data with previously reported work on TiO2/Ag/TiO2 transparent conducting oxides. Transmittance of multilayer films in visible region (550 nm) has increased from 65 to 81% with increase in Ag thickness. The band gaps calculated from Tauc plot of these films follow Burstein–Moss effect. Sheet resistance has decreased from 15.41 to 5.92 Ω/□ while carrier concentration and mobility show an increasing trend from 5.94 × 10²¹ to 1.35 × 10²² and 6.83 to 13.72 cm²/Vs, respectively, with the increase in Ag mid-layer thickness. Haacke’s Figure of Merit (FOM) is recorded to be 7.9 × 10⁻³ Ω⁻¹.
... Doublets absorption peaks at 1539.2 and 1554.63 cm −1 have appeared that are characteristic of symmetrical and asymmetrical vibrations of COO groups [41,46,47]. Figure 7 shows the peak at 1643.35 cm −1 corresponding to stretching vibrations of C=O [48]. ...
Structural and spectroscopic properties of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films prepared by the dip-coating sol–gel process and doped with rhodamine 6G (R6G) were studied. R6G doping was achieved by adding different concentrations of 1 × 10⁻², 1 × 10⁻³, 1 × 10⁻⁴, and 1 × 10⁻⁵ M rhodamine to a solution that contained titanium isopropoxide as a precursor. The best molar ratio (1: 1: 10: 0.1) of initial raw materials (TTIP: H2O: EtOH: HCl) was chosen to prepare the TiO2 host. TiO2 thin films were deposited on a silicon substrate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the prepared films are amorphous. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrate that the surface topography of the films has a homogeneous granular feature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results revealed that the original structural group of R6G molecules is incorporated in the matrix of the TiO2 films. The short-range order of brookite TiO2 phase in the range of (100–700 cm⁻¹) was depicted by Raman spectra. The glass slide was chosen as a substrate to measure the absorbance spectrum of the thin films. Various fluorescence peaks of R6G-doped TiO2 thin films were depicted in the ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) region under 300 nm pumping wavelength. The fluorescence spectrum suggests that the hybrid solid-state UV and visible laser and optoelectronic device design can be manufactured.
Hybrid R6G-TiO2 nanostructured thin films with different concentrations of R6G were prepared successfully by dip-coating sol–gel technique. The prepared pure and doped films were analyzed by XRD, AFM, FTIR, and Raman techniques. Different fluorescence emission peaks have been obtained in UV–Vis regions. The fluorescence spectrum suggests manufacturing the hybrid solid-state UV and visible laser and optoelectronic device design.
... The symmetric band at 2924 cm -1 was corresponded to the carbonyl hydroxyl (C-H) of alkanes(Spiridonova et al, 2019). The presence of carbony1 (C=O groups) of alkenes structure in the absorption band positioned at 1642 cm − 1 with slight shifting into lower wavenumber was due to the Ti-O interaction and deformation vibration of Ti-OH stretching mode which supported by the detected expansion and blue shift in the transmittance peak of UV-Vis(Figure 2 a)(Nam et al, 2012 ...
Based on the worldwide technological interest, titanium oxide (TiO) thin film with its adapted form is well-known in the solar batteries and optoelectronic devices. Hence, we prepared a thin film upon a glass substrate using a chemical spray pyrolysis approach. Varied annealing temperatures (303, 323, 373, 423, 473 and 523 K) were used to establish the physicochemical properties of TiO thin film. The transmittance spectra values were observed between 50% and 70% with extinction coefficient value ~ 0.28 cm‒1. Consequently, the bandgap of the TiO were steadily decreased with enlarging the annealing temperature from 3.5 eV up to 2.8 eV.
... 4shows the FTIR spectrum of TiO 2 NF@NT and indicates the transformation of as-spun PVP/TBT/DIAD/PO triaxial nanofiber into TiO 2 NF@NT after calcination at 700 • C.Peaks of C--O stretching, C-O stretching, and C-N stretching corresponds to PVP, TBT, and PO are disappeared after the calcination of asspun nanofiber, which indicates the removal of C--O, C-O, and C-N bonds. The O-H peak, corresponding to the solvent, is also disappeared after calcination[29,30]. ...
Metal-oxide based nanostructures, with mixed crystalline phases and high specific surface area, are of great interest due to their excellent performance. Highly porous TiO2 nanofiber-in-nanotube ([email protected]) structures are developed through triaxial electrospinning, followed by the annealing process. A mixed solution of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrabutyl titanate, and di-isopropyl azodiformate are used in the outer and inner layers of the nanofibers, while paraffin oil is used in the middle layer for separation. Mesoporous TiO2[email protected] structure is confirmed through the SEM images. FTIR spectrums reveal the transformation of as-spun polyvinyl pyrrolidone/tetrabutyl titanate/di-isopropyl azodiformate/paraffin oil triaxial nanofiber into TiO2[email protected] after the annealing. XRD results show the maximum mixed phases (anatase and rutile) of TiO2[email protected] at 450 °C. The transformation of anatase to rutile phase increases with increasing the temperature from 450 °C to 700 °C. BET analysis shows that TiO2[email protected] has a higher specific surface area of ∼149.67 m²/g compared to the normal TiO2 nanofiber (∼62.00 m²/g). TiO2[email protected] performs better photo-degradation of the Sandalfix N.Blue (SNB) under UV-light irradiation than the normal TiO2NFs. Moreover, TiO2[email protected], calcined at 450 °C temperature, had the highest SNB degradation (88.04%). These mixed-phase triaxial multifunctional structures could be employed in many applications.
... The symmetric band at 2924 cm -1 was corresponded to the carbonyl hydroxyl (C-H) of alkanes(Spiridonova et al, 2019). The presence of carbony1 (C=O groups) of alkenes structure in the absorption band positioned at 1642 cm − 1 with slight shifting into lower wavenumber was due to the Ti-O interaction and deformation vibration of Ti-OH stretching mode which supported by the detected expansion and blue shift in the transmittance peak of UV-Vis(Figure 2 a)(Nam et al, 2012 ...
Based on the worldwide technological interest, titanium oxide (TiO) thin film with its adapted form is well-known in the solar batteries and optoelectronic devices. Hence, we prepared a thin film upon a glass substrate using a chemical spray pyrolysis approach. Varied annealing temperatures (303, 323, 373, 423, 473 and 523 K) were used to establish the physicochemical properties of TiO thin film. The transmittance spectra values were observed between 50% and 70% with extinction coefficient value ~ 0.28 cm-1. Consequently, the bandgap of the TiO were steadily decreased with enlarging the annealing temperature from 3.5 eV up to 2.8 eV.
