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The earthquake that struck Haiti in 2010 collapsed 100,000 structures, damaged 200,000 more, killed more than 316,000 people, injured 300,000 others, and displaced more than 1 million people. It virtually decapitated the Haitian government, destroying the presidential palace and 14 of 16 government ministries and claiming the lives of numerous gove...
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... A post-disaster survey of the Indonesian population reported a very positive perception of the USG, and these data then factored into additional hospital and combatant ship-based HCA missions. 27 For PRC, its inability to marshal similar naval support would influence the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) building of its first hospital ship as part of its efforts to establish a global naval presence, including engaging in military health diplomacy and supporting HA/DR, as strategic objectives. 28 ...
... 14 Allocation of military medical resources for HCA missions in permissive or noncombat environments is one of many ways the military is diversifying away from combat only operations in order to support global security. 27 Ideally, assessing the global inventory of maritime assets dedicated to HCA missions from current and prospective sponsoring nations will inform the utility of mHCAs as a tool of global health. Search terms included free format and natural language search terms ("hospital ship", "military", "navy", "naval", "humanitarian", "humanitarian civic assistance", "host nation", "partner nation") and Boolean operators ("AND" and "OR") were used to identify countries engaged in mHCA activities. ...
... This overwhelming presence, coupled with the impaired coordination with an underprepared GoH, were also found to be contributing challenges. 27,28 In the case of the response to Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar, the DoD adapted to Like almost all other DoD missions, mHCAs require serious consideration as to how evaluation data are collected and analyzed, and therefore more robust approaches to measurement are needed in order to support future funding and stakeholder involvement. ...
... Al fine delle valutazioni proprie del presente articolo, tuttavia, l'aspetto saliente è l'ampia durata temporale dell'intervento delle forze armate. In relazione a molti eventi (Amundson et al., 2006;Tierney e Bvec, 2007;Gavin, 2008;Hall, 2008;Cecchine et al., 2013;Forino, 2015;Kyoo-Man, 2016) la presenza militare si protrae per tempi molto lunghi. Questo aspetto assume una valenza fondamentale in termini di militarizzazione dello spazio. ...
– Militarism, militarization and relationships between military activities and civil spaces constitute relevant international debate issues. This debate also includes a re-thinking of their main aspects. In this framework, the paper aims to extend some of these reflections to the Italian geographical debate. Moving from the analysis of the role that military forces have during the post-disaster and the related impact in terms of militarism, the article emphasizes how militarism can expand to places where military activities are absent or are different from usual. Going beyond the analized situation, the article opens to different research issues in terms of militarism, militarized places and militarization.
... On January 14, Operation Unified response was launched, and ultimately was one of the largest U.S. military international disaster relief operations in history, comprising more than 22,200 personnel, 33 U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard vessels, and more than 300 aircraft. In parallel, the U.S. government designated USAID as the lead federal agency for coordinating the U.S. response [11]. ...
Military organizations are well suited to contend with the uncertainty of the operating environment and collection and analysis of large amounts of information after a natural disaster. However, due to their finely tuned decision-making processes, militaries tend to be isolated from other relevant actors in the humanitarian space, not always aware of the technologies developed to overcome the gap of information that humanitarian actors confront in face of natural catastrophes and complex emergencies. Analysis of the natural disasters that occurred in Thailand in 2004; Pakistan, 2005; Haiti, 2010; and Chile, 2010 and 2014 provide examples of best practices and lesson learned that can help improve future disaster relief operations. This is especially true when militaries are called to augment the existing civilian humanitarian response. It also highlights the prevailing role that the local Military community plays in humanitarian response. This paper highlights the need for the Military community must learn how to better incorporate their unique capabilities into the humanitarian space, and to find ways to more effectively share and assess information.
... ASTER image (resolution 15 m) uses bands [3N, 2, 1] (NIR, Red, Green). EO1 ALI scenes use pan sharpened band 1 (resolution 10 m) and band combination [8, 6, 4] (SWIR, NIR, Green). We were especially concerned about Tsho Rolpa, located at the terminus of Trakarding Glacier in the Rolwaling Valley, due to its location near the giant aftershock's (M7.3 on 12 May) epicenter. ...
Nepal's quake-driven landslide hazards
Large earthquakes can trigger dangerous landslides across a wide geographic region. The 2015 M w 7.8 Gorhka earthquake near Kathmandu, Nepal, was no exception. Kargal et al. used remote observations to compile a massive catalog of triggered debris flows. The satellite-based observations came from a rapid response team assisting the disaster relief effort. Schwanghart et al. show that Kathmandu escaped the historically catastrophic landslides associated with earthquakes in 1100, 1255, and 1344 C.E. near Nepal's second largest city, Pokhara. These two studies underscore the importance of determining slope stability in mountainous, earthquake-prone regions.
Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.aac8353 ; see also p. 147
... These mechanisms involve changes to the SCIENCE sciencemag.org 8 supply of groundwater or rates of glacial erosion or ice melt, which have at least indirect links to climate change. ...
... The differing types and densities of vegetation and root binding might also be a factor. In general, differences in earthquake-induced landslide densities can also be related to the number and magnitude of strong high-frequency ground motions, although the paucity of strong-motion aac8353-4 8 recordings in the cases of both the Gorkha and Wenchuan quakes hampers direct comparison. ...
La question de savoir comment optimiser le mécanisme de protection des citoyens chinois à l’étranger est devenue la priorité de l’administration publique chinoise. Une comparaison des politiques d’évacuation de la Chine et des États-Unis dans les années 2010 révèle que le gouvernement chinois attache plus d’importance dans ses opérations aux effets réels de l’évacuation et au ressenti des citoyens, et prend moins en considération la responsabilité des citoyens et la charge financière. Cette politique d’évacuation généreuse peut être en partie rationalisée par des facteurs internes à la Chine, tels que la politique du « Going Global », son image contemporaine de puissance montante populeuse et son récit traditionnel fondé sur le « pays-famille », qui génère une conception familiale des relations entre l’État et les citoyens et encourage le gouvernement à assumer des responsabilités supplémentaires à l’égard des citoyens. Si la conception familiale des relations entre l’État et les citoyens est propice à la construction de l’identité et de la cohésion nationales, elle brouille la ligne de démarcation entre la responsabilité civique et la responsabilité gouvernementale, nuit à l’efficacité de l’administration publique, entraîne un gaspillage des ressources publiques et surcharge les agences gouvernementales. À mesure que l’industrialisation et l’urbanisation de la Chine progressent, la question de savoir comment réviser la conception familiale des relations entre l’État et les citoyens, établie de longue date, et établir une société civile responsable fondée sur l’état de droit contractuel est devenue urgente. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Cette étude met en évidence le rôle parental du gouvernement chinois dans la protection des citoyens à l’étranger et l’attribue en partie au récit traditionnel pays-famille, qui génère une conception familiale des relations État-citoyen. Si cette conception est propice à la construction de l’identité et de la cohésion nationales, elle entraîne un gaspillage des ressources publiques et surcharge les agences gouvernementales. Il est nécessaire de réviser la conception établie de longue date et de cultiver une société civile responsable pour améliorer l’efficacité de l’administration publique dans la Chine contemporaine.
On 15 May 2020, Operation Warp Speed, later renamed the HHSDOD COVID-19 Countermeasures Acceleration Group (CAG), was a collaboration between the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense (DOD), and the private sector to accelerate development, production, and distribution of effective vaccines and therapeutics to counter COVID-19 for the American people. The CAG was the nucleus of the “whole-of-America” effort to defeat COVID-19, and DOD’s contribution was essential to the success of the CAG. This article highlights the contributions made by DOD, with a focus on innovative solutions and best practices that might apply to other DOD activities.
How to optimize China’s protective mechanism for overseas citizens has become the top agenda of China’s public administration. A comparison of the evacuation policies of China and the US in the 2010s reveals that the Chinese government’s operations attach more importance to the actual effects of evacuation and the feelings of citizens, while considering the responsibility of citizens and cost burden less. This generous evacuation policy can be partly rationalized by China’s domestic factors, such as the “Going Global” policy, its contemporary image as a populous rising power, and its traditional family-country narrative, which generates a familial conception of state–citizen relations and encourages the government to take extra responsibility for citizens. While the familial conception of state–citizen relations is conductive to building national identity and cohesion, it blurs the dividing line between civic responsibility and governmental responsibility, undercuts the efficiency of public administration, causes waste of public resources, and overburdens governmental agencies. As China’s industrialization and urbanization progress, how to revise the long-established familial conception of state–citizen relations and establish a responsible civil society based on contractual rule of law has become an urgent issue.
Points for practitioners
This study highlights the parental role of the Chinese government in the protection of overseas citizens and attributes it partly to the traditional family-country narrative, which generates a family conception of state–citizen relations. While this conception is conductive to building national identity and cohesion, it causes waste of public resources and overburdens governmental agencies. It is necessary to revise the long-established conception and cultivate a responsible civil society to improve the efficiency of public administration in contemporary China.
US and foreign military medical providers have provided exceptional and varied humanitarian assistance and disaster relief for almost a century. Unique complexities and capacities of military medical resources are described in both natural disaster response and civil conflict environments. Civil-military roles and relationships are reviewed in the context of contemporary engagements.
