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Typical surface morphology of cotton fibers for: a untreated sample, b sample treated in air plasma, c sample treated in nitrogen plasma and d sample treated in oxygen
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Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) pretreatments in air, nitrogen and oxygen plasma of viscose and cotton fabrics with subsequent immobilization of silver were studied. Surface activation of treated fibers was evaluated through subsequent sorption of silver from aqueous AgNO3 solution, after which changes in the surface morphology were monitored an...
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Context 1
... plasma treatment of cotton fabric led to less prominent, but similar changes, as it is shown in Fig. 3. The only significant difference was observed after the oxygen plasma treatment, when the crater- like structures were not found on the fiber surfaces. The differences in level of damage of cotton and viscose fibers treated in oxygen plasma can be explained by difference in crystalline and amorphous regions present on the surface of ...
Context 2
... oxygen plasma treatment of fibers leads to ablation of surface ( Wong et al. 1999). Since the so-called skin layer of viscose fiber is stronger than its core, once the etching effect led to break down of molecules from the surface layer, the whole inner structure of fiber was impaired. On the other hand, oxygen plasma treatment of cotton fiber (Fig. 3d) has left smoother surface than after treatments in other gasses, which leads to definitive conclusion that due to layered structure of cotton, only top layers were removed due to ablation effect, leaving bulk structure of fibers ...
Context 3
... gap distance of 2 mm compared with untreated textile samples are presented in Fig. 9. There is only small change in quantity of silver in treated viscose samples compared with untreated. Also, it is apparent that etching effect is weaker for inter-electrode gap distance 2 mm (see the Fig. 10 and compare with the untreated samples presented in Figs. 2a, and 3a). The plasma exposure (defined by energy delivered to the surface) are not sufficient to cause significant differ- ence in structure and consequently, in sorption prop- erties of viscose. On the other hand, even low plasma exposure can cause partial, if not total, removal of hydrophobic layer on cotton fibers, which is enough to improve ...
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Citations
... The same DBD plasma treatment method was used in this study to enhance the adhesion between the surface of cotton and photocatalyst nanoparticles. 27 The sonochemical method has been verified as an effective and eco-friendly technique for the formation of nanomaterials efficiently with limited thermal exposure (25-75 ○ C). 28 It is a safe and clean strategy that does not transfer undesired aspects to the coated fabric. 29 Ultrasound irradiation promotes bubble formation, expansion, and collapse by using heating and cavitation. ...
An innovative approach was adopted to improve the photocatalytic response of nanoparticle-coated cotton fabric for self-cleaning application. Fabrics with layers of TiO2, Ag, and ZnO nanoparticles were assessed for photodegradation of Rhodamine B, methyl orange, and methyl red. A dual-scheme charge transfer method was designed for the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabric. To produce the multilayer structure of nanoparticles, the fabric was first functionalized with atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasma and then sonochemically coated with TiO2/Ag/ZnO in a layered form. The plasma functionalization enhanced the stability of TiO2/Ag/ZnO nanoparticles on the fabric. It was revealed that a combination of Ag, TiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles produced a Schottky barrier among the silver metal and metal oxides (TiO2 and ZnO), resulting in enhanced photocatalytic properties. Methyl red underwent the highest photocatalytic degradation of 93% over the designed photocatalyst-coated fabric after 120 min of light exposure. This study provides a promising strategy for improving the photocatalytic self-cleaning efficacy of nanocoated fabrics.
... It may cause problems with pulmonary or digestive system leading to pneumonia, vomits, diarrhea, stomatitis, and others. Moreover, hazardous metals can also cause deterioration or disturbance in the functioning of the nervous system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
... This process can be used alone or in combination with other techniques such as dissolving and leaching. The limitations in current waste management such as overcrowded landfills cause a need for novel, highly efficient methods for precious and semi-precious elements retrieval relying on environment-friendly materials and processes [7][8][9][10][11]. The use of sorbents prepared from waste biomass constitute an excellent alternative to chemical processes which may generate secondary wastes and toxic sludges. ...
... The use of sorbents prepared from waste biomass constitute an excellent alternative to chemical processes which may generate secondary wastes and toxic sludges. Preparation of biodegradable materials which can adsorb metals enable their easy and fast wastewaters treatment followed by elements recovery with no further harm to ecosystem [4,5,7,8,12]. ...
This paper deals with the preparation and characterization of novel super-sorbent materials prepared from chitosan under microwave-assisted conditions according to Sustained Development principles applicable in valuable metals recovery. For their obtainment, waste oil has been applied which was used as a raw material for azelaic acid eco-synthesis further applied to modify chitosan. Sorbents were tested over their physicochemical properties and ability to recover precious metals ions: silver, copper, and gold by determining sorption capacity and removal efficiency. The sorption behaviors were in the most cases predictable on the contrary to currently known sorbents of biological origin which shows a high commercial potential of the newly developed sorbents. The best results were obtained for gold ions; however, the proposed sorbents exhibit versatility and may be applied to recover various metals. Proposed materials constitute a promising alternative to waste-derived sorbents which despite low price have irrecoverable characteristics.
... Among various configurations for obtaining plasma, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) represents currently the most suitable technique for textile processing and a simple way to obtain non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma due to its intrinsic configuration (at least one insulation layer between two flat electrodes and a small gap between electrodes which distributes discharge over the entire surface of electrodes) (Ghimire, Subedi, and Khanal 2017;Kogelschatz 2003). In our previous works, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was used to obtain plasma (Kramar et al. 2015(Kramar et al. , 2018Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013) and one important aspect was taken into consideration while investigating the effects of plasma on regenerated cellulose (viscose) fibers, the so-called aging effect . The aging effect occurs after plasma treatment when the activated surface of fibers changes its properties with time. ...
In this work, plasma pretreatment of raw cotton fibers combined with silver sorption was used for the preparation of antimicrobial fabrics. Special attention was given to the aging effect investigated seven days after plasma treatment. Raw cotton fabrics were modified with atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in air, nitrogen, and oxygen. After plasma treatment, surface morphology and chemistry were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively, molecular weight distribution and functional groups profile in cellulose were determined by GPC-MALLS with fluorescence labeling, while sorption properties were evaluated through wettability and moisture sorption measurements. Silver sorption was performed either immediately after treatment or seven days after plasma treatment, in order to investigate the aging effect on the sorption of Ag⁺. Antimicrobial activity was tested using agar diffusion test against S. aureus, E.coli, and C. albicans. Results have shown that silver sorption is improved and significantly higher when sorption is performed seven days after plasma treatment and consequently antimicrobial activity is also enhanced. This work confirms the significance of plasma aging in natural cellulose fibers’ functionalization which presents yet another variable that should be taken into account when planning the procedure for fibers functionalization.
... While MW and RF processes are usually electrodeless, with use of electromagnetic waves and antenna as transmitter, DBD plasma is generated in the region between two electrodes, which have at least one dielectric layer between them [20,27], with electrons, accelerated by the electric field, striking neutral gas molecules and resulting in the formation of highly reactive ions that cause chemical and topographical changes of the surface upon which they impinge [42,43]. Typically, the mean electron energy in DBD plasma is in the range of 1-10 eV [44,45]. In an open atmosphere, the plasma discharges can be produced with a gas flow between the electrodes [46][47][48]. ...
... The effect of low-pressure oxygen and air plasma on the chemical structure of cellulose films and paper has also been frequently reported [18,30,50,64]. In previous research, we report an increase in wettability of MNFC films after nitrogen plasma exposure of films, which correlates with DBD control parameters' pulsing frequency and power, and with the crystallinity of cellulose fibrils [44,55]. ...
... This means that the degree of enzymatic hydrolysis results directly in observably increasing nanoscale texture smoothness enacted by shortening the pulp fibre component chains as they subsequently separate under the mechanical homogenising. The crystalline parts eventually make up the resulting film formed surface [44,48]. Depending on the breakdown by O plasma of retained amorphous constituent regions in the film surface, the distribution of surface nanoscale texture after plasma exposure is determined. ...
The surface of cellulose films, obtained from micro nanofibrillated cellulose produced with different enzymatic pretreatment digestion times of refined pulp, was exposed to gas plasma, resulting in a range of surface chemical and morphological changes affecting the mechanical and surface interactional properties. The action of separate and dual exposure to oxygen and nitrogen cold dielectric barrier discharge plasma was studied with respect to the generation of roughness (confocal laser and atomic force microscopy), nanostructural and chemical changes on the cellulose film surface, and their combined effect on wettability. Elemental analysis showed that with longer enzymatic pretreatment time the wetting response was sensitive to the chemical and morphological changes induced by both plasma gases, but distinctly oxygen plasma was seen to induce much greater morphological change while nitrogen plasma contributed more to chemical modification of the film surface. In this novel study, it is shown that exposure to oxygen plasma, subsequently followed by exposure to nitrogen plasma, leads first to an increase in wetting, and second to more hydrophobic behaviour, thus improving, for example, suitability for printing using polar functional inks or providing film barrier properties, respectively.
... Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma operates in a thermodynamically non-equilibrium condition (so-called cold plasma) in which the ion and molecular translational temperature is much lower than the electron temperature, such that excessive gas heating can be suppressed (Kostic et al. 2009;Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013). The advantage is that the plasma can be generated at atmospheric pressure, either in open or closed environment. ...
... In MNFC/30/, it is possible to identify irregular both small and large voids appearing after plasma treatment, while in MNFC/300/, the surface of the film has almost no such jagged appearance with voids only smaller than 1 lm. Nitrogen plasma treatment, thus, obviously changes the morphology of the films, on both the micro (nano) and macro level, which is likely also to have an influence on the wetting behaviour and decrease in CA due to the increased meniscus liquidsolid wetting line length (Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013;Pertile et al. 2010). ...
We find that nitrogen plasma treatment of micro/nanofibrillated cellulose films increases wettability of the surface by both liquid polar water and nonpolar hexadecane. The increased wetting effect is more pronounced in the case of polar liquid, favouring the use of plasma treated micro/nanofibrillated cellulose films as substrates for a range of inkjet printing including organic-based polar-solvent inks. The films were formed from aqueous suspensions of progressively enzymatic pretreated wood-free cellulose fibres, resulting in increased removal of amorphous species producing novel nanocellulose surfaces displaying increasing crystallinity. The mechanical properties of each film are shown to be highly dependent on the enzymatic pretreatment time. The change in surface chemistry arising from exposure to nitrogen plasma is revealed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. That both polar and dispersive surface energy components become increased, as measured by contact angle, is also linked to an increase in surface roughness. The change in surface free energy is exemplified to favour the trapping of photovoltaic inks.
... Plasma treatment improves the surface without changing the bulk properties of the material. So far, the plasma treatment has improved the dyeing, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, wicking, colour fastness, pill resistance etc. V. Prysiazhnyi et al. pretreated viscose and cotton fibers using air, nitrogen, and oxygen DBD plasma treatment and showed improvement in the sorption of silver from aqueous solution [10]. D. Cascheera et al. have improved the wettability by using a coating of diamond-like carbon (DLC) film on plasma treated cotton fabrics [11]. ...
In this study, eco-friendly plasma pretreatment is introduced on grey cotton fabrics to enhance the surface properties and adhesion of Graphene Oxide (GO). The important plasma parameters such as power and working pressure are kept constant with various treatment times (5, 10, 20, and 60 min). The plasma-treated cotton fabrics are optimized by AFM, SEM, XPS and drop test. The XPS studies reveal that plasma treatment increases the oxygen functional groups on the grey cotton fabrics. The surface morphology (SEM and AFM) of the plasma-treated cotton fabrics reveals that increase in surface roughness which helps to improve the adhesion of GO. GO has been prepared by using modified Hummer's method. The structure and morphological studies of prepared GO are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The SEM image shows sheet-like structure. Raman analysis reveals that GO contains D band and G band. The optimized plasma treated cotton fabrics are functionalized by GO solution using a dip dry cure method and then plasma pretreated GO coated fabric (PGO) is chemically converted by vapor reduction method using hydrazine hydrate to get Plasma pretreated Reduced Graphene Oxide (PRGO) for the restoration of a high electrical conductivity at the fabric surface. The morphology, phase purity and crystallinity of the raw PGO and PRGO coated cotton fabrics are analyzed by Raman studies, SEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR and I-V studies. Our results provide a way to develop PRGO based devices in biomedical applications, wearable healthcare electronics, defense, and fashion technology etc.
... In addition to introduction of binders and spacers (Meilert et al. 2005;Daoud et al. 2008;Mihailović et al. 2010a, b) or chemical modification of fibers (Khalil-Abad et al. 2009;Ugur et al. 2011), plasma activation of both natural and synthetic fibers is suggested to be a viable solution which provides desired washing fastness in an environmentally sustainable manner. Both low pressure plasma and corona discharge alter the fiber surface morphology and chemical composition that are critical for interaction with different NPs (Yuranova et al. 2003(Yuranova et al. , 2007Qi et al. 2007;Ilić et al. 2009;Mejía et al. 2009;Ilić et al. 2010;Gorenšek et al. 2010a, b;Shahidi et al. 2010;Mihailović et al. 2010a;Mihailović et al. 2011a, b;Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013;Gorjanc et al. 2014). Treatment with corona discharge is particularly suitable for textile processing as it operates at atmospheric pressure, so complex handling of textile materials through vacuum systems is avoided (Riccardi et al. 2001;Puac et al. 2005). ...
This study discusses the effect of corona pre-treatment at atmospheric pressure and subsequent loading of colloidal TiO2 nanoparticles on the biodegradation behavior of cotton fabric. Biodegradation performance of the control and finished samples was evaluated by standard soil burial tests in predetermined periods of 3, 9 and 18 days. Color and breaking strength measurements were utilized for assessment of biodegradation progress. Morphological and chemical changes induced by biodegradation were analysed by SEM and FT-IR analyses, respectively. Colorimetric, morphological and chemical changes induced by the biodegradation process were slightly less prominent on corona pre-treated cotton fabric impregnated with TiO2 nanoparticles compared to corona treated and control cotton fabric. Although the breaking strength of all samples significantly decreased after 18 days of soil burial, this decline was the least evident on the sample impregnated with TiO2 nanoparticles. However, taking into account the extent of these differences, the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on biodegradation rate of cotton fabric, which underwent a combined treatment corona/impregnation with TiO2 nanoparticles, could be considered as insignificant. These results confirm that chemical modification of cotton fabrics with plasma and subsequent loading of TiO2 still maintained sustainability of cellulose fibres.
... Therefore, methods for immobilization of Ag NPs on cotton fabrics are becoming a new research focus in functionalization of textiles (Jiang, Liu, & Yao, 2011;Tang, Kaur, Sun, & Wang, 2013;Yue et al., 2014;Zhang, Wu, Chen, & Lin, 2009). In the last decade, numerous strategies have been developed to enhance adhesion of Ag NPs to fiber surface (Airoudj, Ploux, & Roucoules, 2015;Cao, Sun, Yao, & Sun, 2013;Jiang et al., 2011;Kim, Park, & Lee, 2011;Montazer, Alimohammadi, Shamei, & Rahimi, 2012a;Montazer, Alimohammadi, Shamei, & Rahimi, 2012b;Prysiazhnyi et al., 2013;Zhang et al., 2016). Among these approaches, the application of a polymer binder has been widely studied. ...
... The typical peaks at 38 00 , 44 00 , 64 00 and 77 00 are assigned to the Ag (111), (200), (220), and (311) planes, respectively. As reported before (El-Shishtawy, Asiri, Abdelwahed, & Al-Otaibi, 2011; Prysiazhnyi et al., 2013;Altinişik et al., 2013), these XRD results indicate that the silver loaded on the cotton fabrics is only in the crystalline structure. Among the three types of cotton fabrics, immersion-cotton has the sharpest peaks (Fig. 2c), suggesting that more Ag NPs have been loaded on the immersion-modified cotton surface. ...
Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCTS) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully linked onto a cotton fabric surface through a simple mist modification process. The CMCTS binder was covalently linked to the cotton fabric via esterification and the Ag NPs were tightly adhered to the fiber surface by coordination bonds with the amine groups of CMCTS. As a result, the coating of Ag NPs on the cotton fabric showed excellent antibacterial properties and laundering durability. After 50 consecutive laundering cycles, the bacterial reduction rates (BR) against both S. aureus and E. coli remained over 95%. It has potential applications in a wide variety of fields such as sportswear, socks, and medical textile.
... Recently, fibers have been pretreated with some linkers such as trisodium citrate (Kelly and Johnston 2011), poly(acrylates) (Falletta et al. 2008), dopamine and silane coupling agent (Lien et al. 2012) to improve the adhesion between coating and fiber substrate. In addition, some physical treatments, such as laser etching (Nourbakhsh and Ashjaran 2012) and plasma treatment (Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013), can modify textiles to increase the functional groups and cause physical etching on the surface of textiles. However, physical etching tends to damage the textile fibers and thus reduces the strength of the fibers, and high-energy treatments have high requirements on expensive equipment. ...
Silver nanoparticles were coated on bamboo rayon fabrics (fabrics made from filaments of dissolved and regenerated bamboo pulp fibers) modified with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) under microwave radiation. The silver nanoparticle coated bamboo rayon fabrics modified with PDDA were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. Color properties, ultraviolet (UV) protection, softness and contact angle of the silver nanoparticle coated bamboo rayon fabrics were evaluated. The results show that PDDA is successfully modified on the bamboo rayon fabric. Compared with the bamboo rayon fabrics without PDDA modification, more silver nanoparticles are coated on the bamboo rayon fabrics modified with the PDDA. In addition, the bamboo rayon fabric modified with PDDA is evenly covered with silver nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticle coated bamboo rayon fabric modified with PDDA shows the excellent UV protection with UPF of 223.88 and the hydrophobic property with contact angle of 127°. PDDA modification improves the adhesive strength between silver coating and bamboo rayon fabric.
... The higher roughness of cotton allows increasing the surface area and the amount of TiO 2 deposition. The viscose fiber texture is very even, also in the longitudinal recesses, but more amorphous viscose causes susceptibility to plasma etching ( Fig. 4) (Prysiazhnyi et al. 2013). ...
The method of TiO2-anatase film preparation on cotton and viscose fabric surfaces using the sol-gel process and microwave treatment is presented. Microwave treatment was used to change the amorphous TiO2 form to anatase directly on the fabrics. The influence of microwave treatment conditions on the obtainable polymorphic form of TiO2 was examined. Fabrics were pretreated with low-temperature air plasma (30 min). The root mean square height in the selected area increased from 44 to 166 nm (cotton) and from 9 to 112 nm (viscose). Infrared analysis showed the new band at 1748 and 1732 cm−1 corresponding to C=O stretching for plasma-treated cotton and viscose textiles, respectively. The plasma pretreatment also improved the wetting properties by TiO2 sol and increased the surface free energy of fabrics. TiO2 film thickness was 180 nm (12 %wg. Ti) and 140 nm (3 %wg. Ti) for cotton and viscose, respectively. TiO2-modified cotton reduced the nicotine concentration three times more and TiO2-modified viscose was two times higher under sunlight compared to raw fabrics. No changes in strength were observed for TiO2-modified cotton, while the strength of TiO2-modified viscose decreased about 45 %. No effect of UV irradiation on cotton and a slight reduction of the strength of raw viscose (7 %) and TiO2-modified viscose (16 %) were observed. The Ti contents after washing decreased from 12 to 11 % (cotton) and from 3 to 2.6 % (viscose). The presented method allows obtaining TiO2 film-anatase on the cotton and viscose fabrics, but its total effectiveness is better for cotton fabrics.
