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Catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important process for human health protection. CO is also called the unnoticed poisons and silent killer of 21st century. The effect of inhaling CO can cause of hypoxic injury, neurological break and even death. Due to CO poisoning decay vegetation life and increases in global warming...
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... catalytic converter is an automobile emissions control device that converts more contaminated pollutants present in the exhaust gasses to the lower poisonous pollutants by a catalyzing redox reaction. The basic reactions of HC and CO in the exhaust are oxidation (Table 8) with the certain products being CO 2 and H 2 O, while the NOx reaction is a reduction with preferred products of N 2 [142]. The major three pollutants (CO, HC and NOx) are concurrently impassive from the exhaust by a sole converter. ...Similar publications
Delving into the current chronicles of research findings, explorations of biodiesel production and utilization in diesel engines have been at the forefront of sustainable and creative energy discovery. Far beyond the problems of energy crises, renewable biodiesel offers unlimited solutions to the associated issues of depleting reserves and harmful...
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... The evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions during the life cycle of paving stones reveals that carbon monoxide (CO) has the highest production rate, while carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) has the lowest. CO is called the unnoticed poisons and silent killer of 21st century and its effect of inhaling CO can cause of hypoxic injury, neurological break and even death [11]. To reduced theses effects, catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important process for human health protection [11]. ...
... CO is called the unnoticed poisons and silent killer of 21st century and its effect of inhaling CO can cause of hypoxic injury, neurological break and even death [11]. To reduced theses effects, catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most important process for human health protection [11]. Despite this, it is not ideal to prioritize CO 2 emissions due to the environmental issues caused by their increase, particularly from human activities [12]. ...
The use of plastic waste as a resource in construction applications is an opportunity for environmental protection,
conservation of natural resources and reduction of pollution. Unfortunately, they don’t always withstand the
stresses to which they are subjected, leading to subsidence and collapsing. An analysis of the causes using the
Pareto curve shows that 74.47 % of the causes of this collapse are due to poorly formulated mixes and poor
choice of raw materials for the composite. The compressive test carried out on the first sample of pavers studied
showed a maximum compressive strength value of 4.6 MPa, which is below the standard requirements. As a
result, the pavers were considered unsuitable for use on a T5 road. Through the use of the SUPERDECISION
software, we were able to identify two favourable constituent materials - glass/glass waste and gravel - for the
production of composite paving stones. By adding low-density plastic waste, collected, cleaned and crushed in
the form of aggregates, we obtain a compressive strength of 7 MPa with gravel and 8 MPa with glass waste. These
values are below the recommendations of the NF EN 1339 standard (Rc ≥ 20 MPa) for T5 traffic. The best
composition for ecological paving is therefore (PET/PP/PEBD) + sand + glass (50/12.5/37.5). Analyzing these
results shows that the raw materials used for ecological paving should be adapted to the loads.
... Inhaling CO can cause serious health problems and can even be fatal. Exposure to even low levels of CO can lead to headaches, dizziness, nausea, confusion, and other symptoms [1]. As a result, it is crucial to design a highly sensitive and selective sensor that can detect even a very small amount of CO molecules in the environment. ...
This work analyses the comparative effects of period-four transition metal (TM) dopants for CO molecular adsorption on the monolayer Graphene (Gr) supercell using the density functional theory (DFT) based ab initio method for the first time. Ten different TM dopant species (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn) have been incorporated and extensively studied in the context of Carbon Monoxide (CO) adsorption. The study elaborates on the effects of metallic doping in Gr on structural stability, electronic properties, adsorption strength, transduction efficacy, and CO recovery time. The study reveals that introducing each period-four TM dopant in the Gr lattice changes the semi-metallic nature, wherein distinct modulations in the energy band structure and the total density of state profiles can be observed after CO adsorption in each doped Gr matrix. The C atom of the polar CO molecule preferentially adsorbed on the doped TM, forming physical C-X (X: metal) bonds and resulting in slight vertical displacement of the dopant towards adsorbed CO. The results exhibit that depending on the strength of CO adsorption, the metallic dopants can be placed in the following order: Ti> V> Cr> Mn> Fe> Co> Ni> Cu> Zn >Sc, with a significant improvement in charge transfer during CO adsorption after Sc, Co, Ni, V, and Zn doping in Gr. Specifically, the Ni, Zn, and Sc-doped Gr ensures an efficient trade-off between adsorption stability and recovery time with high selectivity in CO2 and N2 environments.
... During combustion, a small amount of carbon monoxide (CO) is produced by every CO 2 ff emission source. CO, while not a direct greenhouse gas, contributes to climate change through interactions with ozone, methane and CO 2 , and is a major air pollutant [24]. The magnitude of CO over background relative to CO 2 ff produced (R CO ) varies greatly between CO 2 ff sources and depends on many factors such as the type of fuel used and the combustion efficiency of the process. ...
As part of the CarbonWatch-NZ research programme, air samples were collected at 28 sites around Auckland, New Zealand, to determine the atmospheric ratio (RCO) of excess (local enhancement over background) carbon monoxide to fossil CO2 (CO2ff). Sites were categorized into seven types (background, forest, industrial, suburban, urban, downwind and motorway) to observe RCO around Auckland. Motorway flasks observed RCO of 14 ± 1 ppb ppm⁻¹ and were used to evaluate traffic RCO. The similarity between suburban (14 ± 1 ppb ppm⁻¹) and traffic RCO suggests that traffic dominates suburban CO2ff emissions during daytime hours, the period of flask collection. The lower urban RCO (11 ± 1 ppb ppm⁻¹) suggests that urban CO2ff emissions are comprised of more than just traffic, with contributions from residential, commercial and industrial sources, all with a lower RCO than traffic. Finally, the downwind sites were believed to best represent RCO for Auckland City overall (11 ± 1 ppb ppm⁻¹). We demonstrate that the initial discrepancy between the downwind RCO and Auckland's estimated daytime inventory RCO (15 ppb ppm⁻¹) can be attributed to an overestimation in inventory traffic CO emissions. After revision based on our observed motorway RCO, the revised inventory RCO (12 ppb ppm⁻¹) is consistent with our observations.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Radiocarbon in the Anthropocene'.
... Abbreviations: CO: carbon monoxide; O 2 : oxygen; CO 2 : carbon dioxide; HBOT: hyperbaric oxygen therapy; NBOT: normobaric oxygen therapy; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Adapted from Ref.[71]. ...
... Catalytic hydrogenation is one method of utilizing CO 2 . As a result, there is growing interest in using green hydrogen to convert CO 2 into more valuable chemicals or fuels [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. ...
One of the most significant industrial processes is the catalytic methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide because methanol is a future energy carrier for producing fuels and high-value-added commodities, the so-called “methanol economy” is carbon neutral. As a solution to climate change, the widespread belief that carbon dioxide can be recycled by hydrogenation into methanol has motivated the development of more efficient and selective catalysts. Efficient 2 wt% Pd/CeO2 catalysts for thermochemical CO2 hydrogenation have recently been investigated. However, the rationale behind the low Pd loading (2 wt%) in CeO2 needs to be clarified, and comprehensive research into Pd tuning is lacking. In this article, we describe the synthesis ofvarious palladium contents (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 wt%) supported on ceria nanorods (Pd/CeO2) for selective hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol under vapor-phase. The impact of Pd on the physicochemical properties of CeO2 was examined using various characterization techniques. The enhanced catalytic activity was caused by the 2 wt% Pd/CeO2 catalyst's most significant level of metallic Pd species, strong interactions between Pd and CeO2, uniform Pd dispersion on CeO2, increased reducibility, oxygen mobility, and weak basic sites. This study reveals that changing the percentage of metal in the catalyst supports a valuable technique for designing efficient oxides-supported metal-based catalysts for CO2 conversions.
... Also, it has been established that natural gas emits less carbon dioxide than coal [6,16]. Environmental researchers have categorized carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as the most notable anthropogenic ozone-harming substance [17][18][19]. Memon et al. [20] stated that CO 2 emission effects from fossil fuels is the reason researchers are interested in exploring various environmental impact mitigation strategies while considering the use of fossil fuels for power generation. This provided an opportunity to investigate its emissions and suggest ways to reduce them. ...
... Therefore, to predict the CO 2 mass flow rate emitted, the β parameters in Equation. (19) must be evaluated for minimum value of the sum of the square of the differences between the observations Yi and the actual curve [33]. ...
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a major greenhouse gas released by gas turbine power plants that is hazardous to the environment. Hence, it is vital to investigate the operational conditions that influence its emissions. Various research papers have utilized a variety of techniques to estimate CO2 emissions from fuel combustion in various power plants without taking into account the environmental operational characteristics which in turn may have a significant effect on the obtained output values. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to assess the carbon dioxide emissions while considering both external and internal functioning characteristics. In this paper, a novel empirical model for predicting the feasible amount of carbon dioxide emitted from a gas turbine power plant was developed based on ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, compressor pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and the exhaust gas mass flow rate. The predictive model developed shows that the mass flow rate of CO2 emitted has a linear relationship with the turbine inlet temperature to ambient air temperature ratio, ambient relative humidity, compressor pressure ratio, and exhaust gas mass flow rate with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.998. Results obtained shows that rise in ambient air temperature and air fuel ratio led to increase in CO2 emission, while increase in ambient relative humidity and compressor pressure ratio resulted in reduction of CO2 emission. Furthermore, the average emission of CO2 obtained for the gas turbine power plant was 644.893kgCO2/MWh and 634, 066, 348.44kgCO2/yr, of which the latter is within the guaranteed values of 726, 000, 000 kgCO2/yr. Thus, the model can be utilized to perform an optimal study for CO2 reduction in gas turbine power plants.
... Nearly 40% of the CO emission comes from natural activities (i.e., oxidation of emitted methane from the soil [69] and volcanos) and 60% from anthropogenic sources (i.e., wood burning, industrial processes (such as power generation, metallurgical, cements and ceramic industries) and transportation sectors (Fig. 2a) [70,71]. Notably the highest CO emission is from on-road mobile sources (i.e., trucks, buses, and cars), residential wood burning, and non-road mobile sources (i.e., locomotives, marine vessels, construction equipment, and garden) [70,71]. ...
... CO is a silent killer as it is odorless colorless, highly flammable and poisonous whichaffect human health, plants, and environment significantly. The ultrafast CO reaction with hemoglobin in the human blood cells (i.e., 200 times faster than oxygen) generating carboxyhemoglobin that decreases oxygen in the blood results in prompt death at !1200 ppm CO [69,70], headache, collapse, and loss of vision at 50e800 ppm CO, and dyspnea, and coma at 800e1200 ppm (Fig. 2b). CO can damage cellular respiratory system, reduce both water absorption and concentrations of nitrogen and protein in plants, which affect their growth, photosynthesis process and subsequent [69,70] CO emissions from ozone affecting the respiratory system, and increase the temperature of earth. ...
... The ultrafast CO reaction with hemoglobin in the human blood cells (i.e., 200 times faster than oxygen) generating carboxyhemoglobin that decreases oxygen in the blood results in prompt death at !1200 ppm CO [69,70], headache, collapse, and loss of vision at 50e800 ppm CO, and dyspnea, and coma at 800e1200 ppm (Fig. 2b). CO can damage cellular respiratory system, reduce both water absorption and concentrations of nitrogen and protein in plants, which affect their growth, photosynthesis process and subsequent [69,70] CO emissions from ozone affecting the respiratory system, and increase the temperature of earth. In addition to this, CO emissions exacerbate global warming by reacting with (OH) radicals, which do not only consumes OH but also increases the lifetimes of greenhouse gases (i.e., CO 2 and CH 4 ) in the atmosphere [70]. ...
Graphene-based catalysts are important in various applications ranging from hydrogen production to fuel cells and gas conversion reactions, due to their high surface area, low density, great mechanical properties, and rich electron density. Carbon monoxide oxidation (CO) is among the hottest research themes, due to its significant role in fundamental industrial, and environmental remediation applications. Graphene-based catalysts are highly promising for CO oxidation, due to their accessible surface area, low-cost, and ease of preparation. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no review papers on graphene-based catalysts for CO oxidation. Therefore, it is important to provide a timely update on this area of research. This review provides a brief synopsis of the relevant milestones and highlights of graphene-based catalysts for experimental and theoretical CO oxidation reaction. This includes self-standing, doped, and metal nanoparticles supported graphene rooting from the preparation methods to the thermal CO oxidation and their related parameters and mechanisms. The CO oxidation reaction fundamentals (i.e., measurements, calculations, and mechanisms) and the effects of CO on the environment are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and drawbacks are discussed for further deployment of novel graphene-based catalysts for efficient CO oxidation under ambient conditions.
... This paper studies, considering 202 countries, whether commonalities and differences exist in the greenhouse and carbon monoxide gas emission patterns in the field of agriculture, building, power industry, other industrial combustion, waste, and transport fields. Carbon monoxide (CO) is perceived as the silent killer gas of the twenty-first century (Dey and Dhal 2019) and the greenhouse gases are responsible for significant environmental damage (Darkwah et al. 2018). ...
... Catalytic transformation of carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most relevant chemical processes to protect human health from the effects of this gas. Many CO oxidation catalysts have been tested Dey and Dhal (2019), but many of them exhibit difficulties with deactivation in the presence of moisture (Cai et al. 2012), high cost (Dey et al. 2018;Daté et al. 2004), lower thermal stability (Burch et al. 2002), and resistance (Marinoiu et al. 2015). ...
Unlabelled:
There is significant global concern about the harmful effects of greenhouse gas and carbon monoxide emissions (deforestation, air pollution, global warming, etc.). The 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change aspires to reduce global warming by achieving a climate-neutral world. Research has been carried out to calculate and diminish the aforementioned emissions in waste, power industry, transport, building, in addition to other areas. The aim of this paper is to analyse the carbon and greenhouse gas emissions across countries around the globe in order to find patterns and correlate them to socio-economic indicators [gross national income (GNI), industrial production (IPI) and human development indexes (HDI)] as well as Twitter interactions regarding climate change. For this purpose, time series and socio-economic data have been downloaded from different repositories including EDGAR (Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research), World Bank and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Although classical clustering algorithms have already been used in the examination of some environmental issues, we use a non-parametric time series clustering method, which has been suggested in certain scientific literature as a more flexible approach, since any ad hoc parametric assumptions are required. The chosen socio-economic indicators have also demonstrated their relevance in pieces of research related to various fields. With respect to Twitter, which is one of the most popular social networks nowadays, significant analysis has also been performed on the basis of capturing citizens' perceptions on a multitude of matters. We found that several countries such as Brazil, India, China, Nigeria, Russia, United States, Spain, Andorra, Greece, and Qatar show differences in carbon and greenhouse gas emissions patterns. Besides, there does not seem to be a correlation between GNI, IPI and HDI as well as the above mentioned emissions ( correlation < 0.16 ) . Regarding Twitter interactions, a dissimilarity in the distribution of hashtags was detected between the aforementioned countries and the rest of the world. This research can help to identify countries in which more governmental measures are needed to reduce the type of emissions analysed in certain industrial sectors. In addition, it points out the topics related to climate change that seem to generate the most debate on Twitter for countries with an unusual pattern.
Supplementary information:
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41742-023-00510-4.
... 6 In particular, carbon monoxide (CO), which comes from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, is one of the most toxic gases to human health, where exposure to this gas can lead to asphyxiation as well as cardiovascular and respiratory problems. [7][8][9][10][11] To reduce the concentration of CO in the atmosphere, its conversion to carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) through catalytic oxidation processes emerges as a more environmentally friendly alternative. To carry out the CO oxidation reaction, different strategies have been studied, the vast majority of which use an inorganic structure decorated with noble metals such as Pd, Pt, and Rh. ...
One of the alternatives to decrease the concentration of CO is its oxidation reaction to CO2, which can be made more efficient using catalysts. In this work, it is shown that pyrochlore structures are a promising candidate to act as heterogeneous catalysts due to their chemical and physical properties. For use as a catalyst in this reaction, the Pr2Zr2−xFexO7±δ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) system was synthesized by the solvothermal method, firing the powder obtained at temperatures of 1200 and 1400°C. The diffraction patterns confirmed the pyrochlore structure as the single phase in all the nominal compositions. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and dynamic light‐scattering analysis showed an increase in the particle size and a decrease in the specific surface area when increasing the iron concentration and increasing the calcination temperature. The compositions that presented the best catalytic activity were the samples with the highest iron concentration. Moreover, these samples were able to convert all the CO oxidation reactions in a narrower temperature range than a conventional CeO2 sample. The presence of vacancies and the redox behavior of the elements present are the key factors for the catalysis of this system in the CO oxidation reaction.
... Air Air is the most important of life for organisms, especially humans. An atmosphere of good quality and is free from pollution will guarantee human health and is not harmful to the human body (Dey & Dhal, 2019). Air can be divided into 2, namely indoor and outdoor air. ...
Udara merupakan salah satu komponen yang dibutuhkan oleh organisme, terutama manusia. Kualitas udara dapat mempengaruhi manusia. Salah satu yang mempengaruhi kualitas udara adalah meningkatnya jumlah kendaraan yang menghasilkan emisi CO2 dan berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Efek rumah kaca juga terjadi akibat meningkatnya CO2 di bumi sehingga jejak karbon di udara menjadi berbahaya dan lapisan ozon semakin menipis. Dari permasalahan tersebut maka respon yang akan dilakukan adalah mengaplikasikan kanopi tanaman rambat di area parkir kampus untuk menyerap CO2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi penyerapan CO2 oleh pohon eksisting menghitung total ukuran kanopi dan jumlah tanaman rambat yang dibutuhkan kanopi, mengetahui perkiraan luas total dan jumlah tanaman rambat yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerap sisa emisi. Tanaman merambat yang digunakan adalah tanaman markisa (Passiflora) dan pohon trembesi (Samanea saman) sebagai tanaman yang dominan di area kampus. Metode yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari tinjauan pustaka dan data kuantitatif dengan analisis matematis dalam pengumpulan data dan perangakat lunak seperti Google Eart, QGIS, dan QCAD untuk merancang desain rekomendasi kanopi tanaman rambat. Hasil dari simulasi penelitian ini adalah perencanaan kanopi tanaman rambat dapat membantu menyerap CO2 di udara dan total emisi tahuanan dari 134,789,89.8 ton/tahun akan menjadi 134,788,520 ton/tahun setelah penerapan kanopi tanaman rambat markisa.
