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Slope instability problems due to widening of roads are very common in mountainous terrains particularly in Indian Himalayan region. Slope instability may occur due to action of different natural as well as anthropogenic activities or through combined action of both. The present paper deals with the slope stability assessment of natural and cut slo...
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... LEM anlysis follow static equilibrium equations to calculate FOS along the failure surface, the failure surface is divided into slice (Yu et al. 1998;Azarafza et al. 2021;Malviya et al., 2023). The concept of slice come into existence by Fellenious (1936). ...
... The concept of slice come into existence by Fellenious (1936). The Method was later modified and advance by Janbu (1954), Bishop (1955), Morgenstern and Price (1965), and Spencer (1967) (Azarafza et al. 2021;Malviya et al., 2023). LEM analysis mainly depends angle and geometry of the slope, geotechnical properties of the material (C, φ, γ, and shear strength, etc.) water conditions, support system, and external forces (Raghuvanshi et al. 2014;Azarfza et al. 2021;Malviya et al., 2023). ...
... The Method was later modified and advance by Janbu (1954), Bishop (1955), Morgenstern and Price (1965), and Spencer (1967) (Azarafza et al. 2021;Malviya et al., 2023). LEM analysis mainly depends angle and geometry of the slope, geotechnical properties of the material (C, φ, γ, and shear strength, etc.) water conditions, support system, and external forces (Raghuvanshi et al. 2014;Azarfza et al. 2021;Malviya et al., 2023). LEM is evaluated with help of GeoStudio -Slope/W using Mohr-Column failure criteria in the Slope/W. ...
This study aimed to evaluate the slope instability and failure patterns of four major landslides of the Giri Valley, Northwest Himalaya. The study area i.e., Giri valley has not been studied much despite a history of frequent landslides in the region. In order to fulfill this gap and evaluate the potential failure pattern, methodology involved a comprehensive analysis of Rock Mass Rating (RMR), Kinematic Analysis (KA), Slope Mass Rating (SMR), Geotechnical characterization (GA), and Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). Results revealed that the all four landslide slopes exhibit pronounced fracturing and low Rock Quality Designation (RQD) in the rock masses, which is attributed to their spatial proximity to the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT) Fault in the region. The RMR values ranged from 28 to 38 and the SMR values ranged from 20 to 30, implying that the rock itself might not be too weak, but there could be other factors contributing to instability. The Kinematic Analysis revealed planar failure conditions in all the four landslides, indicating the possibility of landslides occurrence along well-defined planes of weakness in the rock mass. Further, The LEM based Factor of Safety (FOS) values ranged from 0.9 to 1.4, which can be attributed to a critical state, where even a small increase in driving forces or decrease in resisting forces could trigger a landslide. The low FOS values indicate a potential for instability, and mitigation measures may be necessary to ensure slope stability in the region. These measures could include slope reinforcement, drainage improvement, or restricting activities that could increase the driving forces on the slopes. These methods can be regionally replicable if the rock mass characteristics are similar across the region. However, site-specific data collection and analysis are crucial for accurate assessment.
