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![Typical SEM images of Bi2Se3 from the third growth. [(a)–(d)] Nanocrystals with increased size as the temperature increases compared to the first and second growth, and this growth was carried out at the growth temperature of 600 °C.](publication/345318792/figure/fig4/AS:11431281219466053@1706021581318/Typical-SEM-images-of-Bi2Se3-from-the-third-growth-a-d-Nanocrystals-with-increased.jpg)
Typical SEM images of Bi2Se3 from the third growth. [(a)–(d)] Nanocrystals with increased size as the temperature increases compared to the first and second growth, and this growth was carried out at the growth temperature of 600 °C.
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![Typical SEM images of Bi2Se3 from the first growth. [(a)–(d)]...](publication/345318792/figure/fig2/AS:11431281219466050@1706021580951/Typical-SEM-images-of-Bi2Se3-from-the-first-growth-a-d-Nanowires-nanoribbons-and_Q320.jpg)
![Second growth SEM images of Bi2Se3. [(a)–(c)] Nanostructures with a...](publication/345318792/figure/fig3/AS:11431281219466052@1706021581132/Second-growth-SEM-images-of-Bi2Se3-a-c-Nanostructures-with-a-comparatively-bigger_Q320.jpg)
![Typical SEM images of Bi2Se3 from the third growth. [(a)–(d)]...](publication/345318792/figure/fig4/AS:11431281219466053@1706021581318/Typical-SEM-images-of-Bi2Se3-from-the-third-growth-a-d-Nanocrystals-with-increased_Q320.jpg)
![Topographic images of the Bi2Se3 crystals by AFM. [(a)–(d)] Crystals...](publication/345318792/figure/fig5/AS:11431281219466054@1706021581502/Topographic-images-of-the-Bi2Se3-crystals-by-AFM-a-d-Crystals-with-enough_Q320.jpg)
Topological insulators and their characteristics are among the most highly studied areas in condensed matter physics. Bi2Se3 nanocrystals
were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures on a silicon substrate with a gold catalyst. The effects of temperature on the obtained Bi2Se3 nanocrystals were systematically investigate...
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![FIG. 3. Second growth SEM images of Bi 2 Se 3 . [(a)-(c)]...](profile/Muhammad-Naveed-111/publication/346031111/figure/fig3/AS:959947185590273@1605880652334/Second-growth-SEM-images-of-Bi-2-Se-3-a-c-Nanostructures-with-a-comparatively_Q320.jpg)
![FIG. 5. Topographic images of the Bi 2 Se 3 crystals by AFM. [(a)-(d)]...](profile/Muhammad-Naveed-111/publication/346031111/figure/fig5/AS:959947185610753@1605880652532/Topographic-images-of-the-Bi-2-Se-3-crystals-by-AFM-a-d-Crystals-with-enough_Q320.jpg)
Topological insulators and their characteristics are among the most highly studied areas in condensed matter physics. Bi2Se3 nanocrystals were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition at different temperatures on a silicon substrate with a gold catalyst. The effects of tem- perature on the obtained Bi2Se3 nanocrystals were systematically investiga...
Citations
... Our Bi 2 Se 3 thin film was prepared using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and, therefore, had a uniform substrate coverage, confirmed by optical microscopy (Figure 1b). From the optical image in Figure 1b, one can notice that the synthesized sample has a roughness, similar to other Bi 2 Se 3 samples grown using CVD [50,51]. In order to obtain a qualitative estimate of the roughness, we measured the sample surface with an atomicforce microscope (Figure 1c). ...
Materials with high optical constants are of paramount importance for efficient light manipulation in nanophotonics applications. Recent advances in materials science have revealed that van der Waals (vdW) materials have large optical responses owing to strong in-plane covalent bonding and weak out-of-plane vdW interactions. However, the optical constants of vdW materials depend on numerous factors, e.g., synthesis and transfer method. Here, we demonstrate that in a broad spectral range (290–3300 nm) the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k of Bi2Se3 are almost independent of synthesis technology, with only a ~10% difference in n and k between synthesis approaches, unlike other vdW materials, such as MoS2, which has a ~60% difference between synthesis approaches. As a practical demonstration, we showed, using the examples of biosensors and therapeutic nanoparticles, that this slight difference in optical constants results in reproducible efficiency in Bi2Se3-based photonic devices.
CVD enabled scalable growth of topological insulator alloys Bi 2 Se (3− x ) S x with a composition-tunable bandgap, free from surface-state pinning.
