Table 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The vesicular drug delivery systems are promising approaches to overthrown the problems of drugs having lesser bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body. The four type of lipid based drug delivery systems are: solid-lipid particulate system, emulsion based system, solid lipid tablet and vesicular system. Cryptosomes, a novel emerging vesi...
Citations
... Cryptosomes are liposomal compositions made up of poloxamer molecules. They are classified as relatively stable liposomes due to decreased uptake by macrophages, extended surfaces of half-life, increase drug delivery, dosedependent pharmacokinetics and increased uptake by tumors [14]. It has the potential for enhanced drug delivery in solid tumors and various researches were conducted in this regard. ...
Overcoming biological barriers still remains challenging in drug delivery. Biological barriers are meant for protection against pathogens and detrimental substances which are located accordingly. Drugs can be categorized as hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Hydrophobic drugs are water insoluble or slightly soluble, while hydrophilic drugs are lipid insoluble. The nature of drugs is an important determinant of administration route, pharmacokinetics i.e., ADME and type of organ affected, of particular lead. Moreover, type of disease is another factor for determining the mode of delivery. Currently, implemented strategies to enhance the uptake of hydrophobic drugs across biological barriers include nanogels, micelles, nanoemulsion, dendrimers, liposomes, or metallic nanoparticles whereas dendrimers, nanogels, chitosan-based nanoparticles are employed for hydrophilic drugs. One of the most recent facet of drug development is use of nanotechnology to deliver the drug crossing different biological barriers either hydrophilic or hydrophobic. All described approaches perform precise role which include; enhance stability, effectiveness, deformability or entry via plasma membrane and cell injections. Researchers are working on treating cancer and microbial resistance via implementing these approaches. Still, immense research is required to develop effective treatments without facing these barriers. This study provides an overview of several biological barriers as well as various techniques for overcoming the problem of drug transport and ensuring efficient delivery of therapeutic substances to their targets.
... Some of the micelle-shaped lipids or aggregates that interact with proteins or reorganize based on the composition of the environmental solution and produce poorly defined products. The integration of these amphiphiles in the synthetic or multilamellar liposome bilayers allows, however, the generation of stable adjuvant nanoparticles with well-defined in vivo biodistribution characteristics [16,30,35,36]. ...
Worldwide immunization can save millions of peoples to lives year by using the vaccines. The subunit of antigen components is manufactured which can stimulate the immune system by providing specific immunity against specific diseases. Subunit vaccines have many advantages like as high safety profile but having limited ability to provide immunogenicity. These traditional subunit vaccines activate only innate immunity, encourage cell-mediated transport of antigen to lymphoid tissues. Newly nano-adjuvants based vaccines carrier systems like liposomes, virosome, micelles, polymeric particles, protein, and peptides are developed by using various substances like viral proteins, polymer and polystyrene having immanent adjuvanticity and also provide exalted capability in manufacturing subunit vaccines. It has chromospheres substances that have various properties such as targeted, anti-damaging and caliber to lead immune reactions towards Th1 and Th2 route, which is an important feature for humoral as well as cellular immunity. The whole thing based on the carrier system, the role of nano-adjuvants, its pharmacokinetics and distribution in the body system. It has the ability to provide antigen-specific immunity to both systemic as well as mucosal by different vaccination passage. Also, the nano-adjuvants based vaccine suggested that direct targeting of antigen to improve the vaccine potency without sacrificing safety.
... In the present scenario of the drug discovery system, the vesicular drug delivery systems are promising approaches to overcome the limitation of the conventional drug delivery system and enable significant drug bioavailability by controlled deliverance of therapeutic drugs for an extended period. Hence, novasome is an important drug delivery platform for a wide range of medicines [3,4]. They are paucilamellar vesicles shaped by many biocompatible phospholipids and single-tailed amphiphiles. ...
Pharmaceutical research has developed various new types of innovative forms of drug delivery. Advancement in current drug delivery methods has led to the development of numerous new revolutionary technologies that support safe and efficient formulations over existing ones. Novasome technology is one of the latest liposome developments that have overcome many of the liposomal drug delivery system-related problems. This provides a seven bilayer membrane which is capable of absorbing water-soluble as well as insoluble drugs. The improved efficiency of entrapping drugs with good encapsulation features enables better frequency of dosing, which can be accomplished through the high shear system. These find their applications in diverse fields such as cosmetics, chemicals, personal care, food, pharmacy, and agrochemicals. Several products have already been launched into the market using this technology with an additional launch plan. Due to its depth of penetration, novasomes have been one of the most popular derma cosmetics. It is being studied continuously to obtain improved release characteristics. The prospect of drug delivery and targeting using novasomes is an important area of research and development. This review pinpoints the various aspect of the novasome and will be a milestone for the researchers in the area of drug delivery.
... Some of the micelle-shaped lipids or aggregates that interact with proteins or reorganize based on the composition of the environmental solution and produce poorly defined products. The integration of these amphiphiles in the synthetic or multilamellar liposome bilayers allows, however, the generation of stable adjuvant nanoparticles with well-defined in vivo biodistribution characteristics [16,30,35,36]. ...
Worldwide immunization can save millions of peoples to lives year by using the vaccines. The subunit of antigen components is manufactured
which can stimulate the immune system by providing specific immunity against specific diseases. Subunit vaccines have many advantages like as
high safety profile but having limited ability to provide immunogenicity. These traditional subunit vaccines activate only innate immunity,
encourage cell-mediated transport of antigen to lymphoid tissues. Newly nano-adjuvants based vaccines carrier systems like liposomes, virosome,
micelles, polymeric particles, protein, and peptides are developed by using various substances like viral proteins, polymer and polystyrene having
immanent adjuvanticity and also provide exalted capability in manufacturing subunit vaccines. It has chromospheres substances that have various
properties such as targeted, anti-damaging and caliber to lead immune reactions towards Th1 and Th2 route, which is an important feature for
humoral as well as cellular immunity. The whole thing based on the carrier system, the role of nano-adjuvants, its pharmacokinetics and
distribution in the body system. It has the ability to provide antigen-specific immunity to both systemic as well as mucosal by different vaccination
passage. Also, the nano-adjuvants based vaccine suggested that direct targeting of antigen to improve the vaccine potency without sacrificing safety.
... Some of the micelle-shaped lipids or aggregates that interact with proteins or reorganize based on the composition of the environmental solution and produce poorly defined products. The integration of these amphiphiles in the synthetic or multilamellar liposome bilayers allows, however, the generation of stable adjuvant nanoparticles with well-defined in vivo biodistribution characteristics [16,30,35,36]. ...
Promoting tools are utilized in promoting analytics or analysis has entirely modified. For instance, increasing promoting product and making issues and therefore the increasing proportion of these product, the corporate must bear the results. You’ll create changes associated preciseness in company and promoting victimisation an expedition with the assistance of a laptop. This campaign enhances the potency of promoting analysis by doing automatic work. The findings of quantitative content analysis show that the main focus of the promoting material is on data management / data provide. However in analysis, it's found that the main focus is on economic edges. However, there are an large range of activities that might ne'er occur in any respect if it weren't for the arrival of technology. Till recently, educators have restricted roles as observers and as commentators’ linear unit the impact of engineering. Now, as educators, it seems that the progressively quicker pace of technological amendment dictates that we have a tendency to get entangled as direct participants. As can be expected, the challenge of collaborating in mistreatment forefront technology affords several opportunities and a few dangers. The opportunities exist within the application of modelling in the teaching of promoting management.
... The SEM study was carried out for optimized Lorazepam loaded buccal patch (B4) in order to examine the morphology of the buccal patch. The surface morphology of Lorazepam incorporated collagen/pecin buccal patch, indicates that surface is smooth and drug is found dispersed within the matrix shown im fig. 9 [66]. ...
Objective: To formulate and characterize Lorazepam loaded buccal patches using mucoadhesive, biodegradable, natural polymers-pectin (hydrophilic) and collagen (lipophilic) for treating epileptic seizures. Methods: Lorazepam loaded buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting method and were subjected to various Physico-chemical evaluation parameters to find the optimized buccal patch. The in vitro drug release study and ex vivo permeation study was carried out. The stability study and histopathological study of optimized Lorazepam loaded buccal patch was also carried out. Results: From in vitro drug release study, it was found that Lorazepam loaded buccal patch (B4) exhibited maximum drug release of 96.16 %±0.07 than other formulations at the end of 4 h, indicating an initial burst release followed by sustained release with release kinetics as Higuchi diffusion model. Based on the in vitro drug release, % drug content, % swelling index, folding endurance, B4 formulation was considered as optimised formulation and was further characterized. Ex vivo permeation study revealed that the cumulative amount of drug permeated from optimised Lorazepam loaded buccal patch (B4) was higher (3831.4±0.21µg/cm2) than marketed Midazolam buccal solution (1724±0.12 µg/cm2) and control drug solution (895.42±0.07 µg/cm2) with an enhancement ratio of 4.8. B4 formulation also showed a higher flux value (12.52±0.02µg/cm2/hr) compared to marketed formulation (5.732±0.01 µg/cm2) and control drug solution (2.563±0.03 µg/cm2) of P<0.05. The histopathological study using bovine buccal mucosa revealed that the B4 formulation is safe for buccal application. The stability study confirmed that B4 formulation is stable in both room and refrigeration conditions. Hence the formulated Lorazepam loaded buccal patch seems to be a promising carrier for the enhanced buccal delivery of Lorazepam in treating epileptic seizures. Conclusion: The formulated Lorazepam loaded collagen/pectin buccal patch was found to be an efficient and stable route for the buccal delivery of Lorazepam in treating acute epileptic seizures which could be further explored scientifically.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) & hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality around the world. Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is connected with an enhanced risk of liver cirrhosis, liver decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Conventional therapy do face certain challenges, for example, poor tolerability and the growth of active resistance. Thus, novel treatment procedures are essential to accomplish the initiation of strong and stable antiviral immune reactions of the individuals. This review explores the current nanotechnology-based carriers for drug and vaccine delivery to treat HBV and HCV.
Phospholipids have a high degree of biocompatibility and are deemed ideal pharmaceutical excipients in the development of lipid-based drug delivery systems, because of their unique features (permeation, solubility enhancer, emulsion stabilizer, micelle forming agent, and the key excipients in solid dispersions) they can be used in a variety of pharmaceutical drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, phytosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, etc. The primary usage of phospholipids in a colloidal pharmaceutical formulation is to enhance the drug's bioavailability with low aqueous solubility [i.e. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) Class II drugs], Membrane penetration (i.e. BCS Class III drugs), drug uptake and release enhancement or modification, protection of sensitive active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from gastrointestinal degradation, a decrease of gastrointestinal adverse effects, and even masking of the bitter taste of orally delivered drugs are other uses. Phospholipid-based colloidal drug products can be tailored to address a wide variety of product requirements, including administration methods, cost, product stability, toxicity, and efficacy. Such formulations that are also a cost-effective method for developing medications for topical, oral, pulmonary, or parenteral administration. The originality of this review work is that we comprehensively evaluated the unique properties and special aspects of phospholipids and summarized how the individual phospholipids can be utilized in various types of lipid-based drug delivery systems, as well as listing newly marketed lipid-based products, patents, and continuing clinical trials of phospholipid-based therapeutic products. This review would be helpful for researchers responsible for formulation development and research into novel colloidal phospholipid-based drug delivery systems.
In this review, we discuss recent developments in multicompartment systems commonly referred to as vesosomes, as well as their method of preparation, surface modifications, and clinical potential. Vesosomal systems are able to entrap more than one drug moiety and can be customized for site-specific delivery. We focus in particular on the possible reticuloendothelial system (RES- mediated accumulation of vesosomes, and their application in tumor targeting, as areas for further investigation.
This review intends to assess the possibilities of novel vesicular drug delivery systems for targeting. Novel drug delivery seeks to either sustain drug action at a predetermined rate or maintain an adequately constant, adequate drug level in the body with associated minimization of unwanted side effects. An NDDS delivers drugs at a fixed rate decided as per the body's requirement, pharmacological aspects, drug profile, and physiological conditions. In present conditions, not a single novel drug delivery system acts ideally with fewer side effects. The vesicular system's aim in drug delivery has changed the definition of diagnosis and treatment in different biomedical field aspects-A vesicular drug delivery system is the system in which the protection of active ingredients in a vesicular structure which bridges the gap between ideal and availability of novel drug delivery system.‖ Several vesicular drug delivery systems like
