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![Types of LED light-emitting diodes by color enlightening Blue light emits LED diodes in the electromagnetic waveband from 450 to 500 [nm] -(nanometers). Green light emits LED diodes in the electromagnetic waveband from 500 to 600 [nm] -(nanometers). Red light emits Led diode in the electromagnetic waveband from 600 to 690 [nm] -(nanometers).](profile/Kujtim-Mustafa/publication/337618759/figure/fig3/AS:830398057697280@1574993733619/Types-of-LED-light-emitting-diodes-by-color-enlightening-Blue-light-emits-LED-diodes-in.jpg)
Types of LED light-emitting diodes by color enlightening Blue light emits LED diodes in the electromagnetic waveband from 450 to 500 [nm] -(nanometers). Green light emits LED diodes in the electromagnetic waveband from 500 to 600 [nm] -(nanometers). Red light emits Led diode in the electromagnetic waveband from 600 to 690 [nm] -(nanometers).
![Figure 14. Chart tensions 0 [VDC] 5 [VDC], presentation by binary...](profile/Kujtim-Mustafa/publication/337618759/figure/fig5/AS:830398057680906@1574993733704/Chart-tensions-0-VDC-5-VDC-presentation-by-binary-numbers-1-and-0-logic-Presentation_Q320.jpg)
Citations
... These measurements serve us for certain values to activate the electrical circuit of the 220 [VAC] network in order to illuminate the darkened environment or in special cases it can also be used in medicine to determine the wavelength of light which affects in the human eye. This will be the subject of the study of the next paper in collaboration with health professionals and optical physics [12], [15], [16]. The block diagram of the connection system for public lighting based on the sensor consists of various electronic elements and programmable technology, respectively microcontroller, and is presented as in Figure 3. ...
The main purpose of this paper is to build an intelligent electronic system based on LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor. A very interesting but also very useful part of this scientific research is the measurement of electrical quantities with high precision as intelligent machines know and can achieve, and one of them in this case is the Arduino Uno microcontroller. These measurements of electrical quantities such as voltage, resistance, and current intensity are used in programmable logic in the microcontroller to decide when to light a light or more and when not to light. Of course, this problem has been solved by using the LDR sensor in the electronic system. Such an electronic and programmable system works perfectly. The work itself contains solutions of electrical circuits in an analytical way, connection of electronic circuits with the Arduino Uno module, communication with the input and output devices of the ATMEGA 328P microcontroller interface and the fusion of the source code - Sketch. This paper will serve as a good basis for further research in determining the wavelength of light which represents an obstacle for people with vision problems. All the measurements of electrical quantities through the Arduino Uno microcontroller have also been confirmed with the measurements made through the universal voltmeter instrument. The results of each measurement are very approximate, of course, many times faster and more accurate than those with a microcontroller.
Background: Bank profitability is more than just a financial indicator; it is a reflection of the health and vitality of the banking sector and the economy as a whole. Profitable banks help to maintain financial stability by increasing resilience, facilitating capital formation and intermediation, promoting innovation and adaptability, and instilling confidence and trust. Hence, profitability is critical in the banking sector since it directly influences policymakers, regulators, and bank management. Therefore, the study will estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of North Macedonia. Thus, the study aims to estimate the influence of specific bank and economic-legal determinants on return on assets in the Republic of Northern Macedonia. Methods: The study employs the methodology of the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) and covers quarterly data from 2007 to 2022. To conduct the empirical analysis required to identify and assess the factors of bank profitability, quantitative data were gathered primarily from the National Bank of the Republic of North Macedonia, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank. Return on Assets was used as a dependent variable. The set of factors is composed into two groups: the first includes bank-specific (controlled) factors such as the sectors’ size, credit risk, capital adequacy, liquidity, income diversification, efficiency of operations, and non-performing loans. The second group includes macroeconomic (uncontrolled) factors such as economic growth, inflation, and interest rates. Results and Conclusions: Results reveal that the size of the banking sector, the risk of the credit, liquidity, income diversification and non-performing loans have a meaningful but negative influence on the response variable. However, capital adequacy, operational efficiency, GDP and interest rate have an important positive impact. Hence, based on the empirical analyses, to boost profitability, the Macedonian banking system should prioritise asset management as a size indication, raising the non-income ratio to diversify revenue, reducing credit risk and non-performing loans, and maintaining a good liquidity ratio.Furthermore, there is clear evidence that second-level banks should extend beyond national borders. Better loan portfolio management, greater technology with database processing and communication improvements, and expanded technology with database processing and communication improvements can strengthen the ability to deal with the next crisis. Additionally, banks should increase non-interest revenue by employing it as a risk outlet in banking and distributing it across many income-generating enterprises, enhancing profitability. These findings offer insights for bank executives and regulators interested in increasing bank profitability and stability.
