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Tylopus bispinosus sp. n., ♂ paratype from Doi Hua Mod. A, B right gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively C-F distal part of right gonopod, mesal, lateral, subcaudal and suboral views, respectively. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
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The genus Tylopus currently contains 41 species, all keyed and mapped, including five new from northern Thailand: Tylopus bispinosussp. n., Tylopus grandissp. n., Tylopus extremussp. n., Tylopus veligersp. n. and Tylopus parajeekelisp. n. Species of Tylopus are predominantly forest-dwellers, especially in montane habitats where up to 9-10 species c...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... prosperus Golovatch & Enghoff , 1993: 93. Remarks. Th is strictly topotypic material fully agrees with the original description ( Golovatch and Enghoff 1993), showing no evident variation in peripheral and gono- pod structure (Figs 28-30). ...
Context 2
... (Figs 2, 3) with lobe l well-demarcated; spine h very small; spine z considerably more prominent. Paratypes: 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (CUMZ), same locality, together with holotype. 1 ♂ (CUMZ), same District, Mae Lana crossroads, 19.07.2008, leg. S. Panha, J. Sutcharit & N. ...
Context 3
... without evident setiferous tubercles, only sometimes with very small, rudimentary wrinkles or knobs . Body larger: 38-42 mm long, 2.8-3.8 and 4.3-5.0 mm wide on pro-and metaterga, respectively. Gonopod with a short spiniform process h, a basally only poorly delimited lobe l, and a small lobiform process z (Figs 5, 6) Both processes h and z of the gonopod spiniform (Figs 2-3) Gonopod process h subfl agelliform, process m extremely long and prominent (Figs 8, 9)
...
Context 4
... perarmatus Hoff man, 1973: 372. Tylopus perarmatus: Golovatch & Enghoff , 1993: 106. Tylopus perarmatus: Enghoff , 2005: 99. Remarks. Th is species has long been known as perhaps the most widespread and common congener in northern Th ailand, also showing considerable variation both in body texture and gonopod structure (Golovatch and Enghoff 1993). Th e new samples add to this variation in the gonopods often with spine h rather narrow and spiniform to broadly denti-or lobiform, and spine z nearly straight to strongly unciform (Figs 34-38). Paraterga moderately developed (Fig. 28A-G), ratio of ♂ midbody prozonite to metazonite width ca 1:1.15. Transverse sulcus on metaterga starting from segment 5, but fully developed and reaching base of paraterga only from segment 6. Calluses without incisions (Fig. 28A-G). Gonopod solenophore particularly slender (Figs 29, 30) Calluses without incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l much broader than long; area basal to l delimited by a distinct cingulum ...................T. magicus - Calluses mostly with 1-2 incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l either as long as broad or longer; no cingulum basal to l ...........................................5 ...
Context 5
... perarmatus Hoff man, 1973: 372. Tylopus perarmatus: Golovatch & Enghoff , 1993: 106. Tylopus perarmatus: Enghoff , 2005: 99. Remarks. Th is species has long been known as perhaps the most widespread and common congener in northern Th ailand, also showing considerable variation both in body texture and gonopod structure (Golovatch and Enghoff 1993). Th e new samples add to this variation in the gonopods often with spine h rather narrow and spiniform to broadly denti-or lobiform, and spine z nearly straight to strongly unciform (Figs 34-38). Paraterga moderately developed (Fig. 28A-G), ratio of ♂ midbody prozonite to metazonite width ca 1:1.15. Transverse sulcus on metaterga starting from segment 5, but fully developed and reaching base of paraterga only from segment 6. Calluses without incisions (Fig. 28A-G). Gonopod solenophore particularly slender (Figs 29, 30) Calluses without incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l much broader than long; area basal to l delimited by a distinct cingulum ...................T. magicus - Calluses mostly with 1-2 incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l either as long as broad or longer; no cingulum basal to l ...........................................5 ...
Context 6
... perarmatus Hoff man, 1973: 372. Tylopus perarmatus: Golovatch & Enghoff , 1993: 106. Tylopus perarmatus: Enghoff , 2005: 99. Remarks. Th is species has long been known as perhaps the most widespread and common congener in northern Th ailand, also showing considerable variation both in body texture and gonopod structure (Golovatch and Enghoff 1993). Th e new samples add to this variation in the gonopods often with spine h rather narrow and spiniform to broadly denti-or lobiform, and spine z nearly straight to strongly unciform (Figs 34-38). Paraterga moderately developed (Fig. 28A-G), ratio of ♂ midbody prozonite to metazonite width ca 1:1.15. Transverse sulcus on metaterga starting from segment 5, but fully developed and reaching base of paraterga only from segment 6. Calluses without incisions (Fig. 28A-G). Gonopod solenophore particularly slender (Figs 29, 30) Calluses without incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l much broader than long; area basal to l delimited by a distinct cingulum ...................T. magicus - Calluses mostly with 1-2 incisions. Gonopod postfemoral lobe l either as long as broad or longer; no cingulum basal to l ...........................................5 ...
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Citations
... Record from Thailand: Yala, Betong Dist.; Than To Dist., Bang Lang NP (Golovatch, 1993 (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993); Doi Inthanon NP (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993;Enghoff, 2005). Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993 (E) Tylopus allorugosus Golovatch and Enghoff 1993: 100 (D, K). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993); Doi Inthanon NP (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993;Likhitrakarn et al., 2010b). ...
... Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993 (E) Tylopus coriaceus Golovatch and Enghoff 1993: 113 (D, K). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993;Likhitrakarn et al., 2010b). Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993 (E) Tylopus hoffmani Golovatch and Enghoff 1993: 107 (D, K). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993). ...
... Tylopus jeekeli Golovatch and Enghoff 1993: 108 (D, K). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993); Doi Suthep-Pui NP (Likhitrakarn et al., 2010b). Golovatch and Enghoff 1993: 109 (D, K). (Golovatch and Enghoff, 1993). ...
Thailand, a relatively small country in Southeast Asia, is outstanding in biodiversity owing to three zoogeographic regions overlapping there: the Sino-Himalayan, the Indo-Chinese, and the Sundaic ones. Based on all available published records until 2022, an updated checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Thailand presently comprises 263 species belonging to 54 genera, 17 families, and nine orders. No less than 222 of these species are endemic to subendemic to Thailand, with only eight being synanthropic and up to subcosmopolitan in distribution. Since the previous checklist in 2005, the fauna has gained 144 species described as new to science, as well as a further 20 representing new country records. This steep progress has largely become possible through the activities of the Animal Systematics Research Unit of Chulalongkorn University, a zealous team of young researchers organized and led by Professor Dr. Somsak Panha. The present full-scale catalogue of the Thai millipedes seems to be particularly topical as a certain landmark, however temporary, not only because of the very considerable time elapsed since the previous, strongly outdated, 2005 catalogue, but also on the occasion of the 65th birthday of Professor Panha, the leader of invertebrate taxonomic research in Thailand.
... One of the most species-rich millipede genera in the family Paradoxosomatidae is the predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968. This genus has been reviewed by Jeekel (1965Jeekel ( , 1968, Golovatch and Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2016. Previous studies revealed 78 nominal species which are distributed mainly in Southeast Asia (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam), with a few marginal occurrences in southern China (Golovatch, 2013;Liu and Luo, 2013;Golovatch, 2014;Likhitrakarn et al., 2021;Sierwald and Spelda, 2022;Nguyen and Eguchi, 2022). ...
... Most of them were collected from a single or a few localities, and all were found to exclusively inhabit restricted ranges that are prone to strongly localized endemism. The spectacular phenomenon of endemism that is significantly correlated to the diversity of this genus has been demonstrated by studies in several locations, e.g., the mountains of Doi Inthanon and Doi Suthep in Thailand, with at least 20 species; and northern Laos and Vietnam with six species (Likhitrakarn et al., 2010(Likhitrakarn et al., , 2016Nguyen and Eguchi, 2022). ...
... specimens kept in alcohol were carefully examined for non-gonopodal and gonopodal characteristics under a stereo microscope. Details of gonopod terms used in the descriptions follow Golovatch and Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010). The number of body segments for the genus Tylopus is 20 (collum + 17 podous + one apodous + telson) and the term "ring" is used as short for "body ring" in the descriptions. ...
Two new species of the predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese millipedes belonging to the genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 are described: Tylopus bokorensis sp. nov. from southern Cambodia, and T. panhai sp. nov. from southern Laos. These species can be clearly discriminated from congeners by the shape of processes on postfemoral part of the gonopod in combination with some distinct somatic characters. Tylopus bokorensis sp. nov. is the first in this genus to be found in Cambodia. Both species inhabit montane habitats more than 1,000 m above mean sea level, and we regard them as endemic to these countries. An identification key and distribution map of Tylopus occurring in Cambodia and Laos are provided.
... In the genus Tylopus, numerous species have been reported co-occurring in larger mountainous regions, such as Doi Inthanon (10 species) and Doi Suthep (10 species) in Thailand. However, some of them, at least in adult stages, appear to reflect separate phenofaunas that are restricted to relatively limited time periods and therefore do not overlap with others (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2014(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2016. . Malayorthomorpha hulutbeeda sp. ...
The millipede genus Malayorthomorpha Mršić, 1996, so far monospecific and previously known only from Park Belum, Perak State, northern Malaysia, is recorded from a mountain in Betong District, Yala Province, southern Thailand for the first time, being represented there by two new species: M. halabala sp. nov. and M. hulutbeeda sp. nov. Both new species are found to occur syntopically and can be assumed as narrowly endemic to the Titiwangsa Mountain Range which begins in southern Thailand, crosses the Malaysian border, and extends into east and west coast regions of the Malay Peninsula. In addition, the generic diagnosis is slightly updated, and a key to all three species is provided.
... Jeekel (1965, 1968 diagnosed this genus by having well-developed paraterga, first pair of legs without modifications, the presence of tibial and tarsal brushes and adenostyles (= ventral tubercles on the podonomeres), gonopod with somewhat distally enlarged femorite, a distinctly laterally demarcated postfemoral region, postfemorite with 1-3 processes, and both lamina medialis and lamina lateralis well developed. The genus was extensively revised, and morphological terms for the genus Tylopus were standardized by Golovatch and Enghoff (1993) and updated by Likhitrakarn et al. (2010Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2016. ...
... The genus Tylopus has been found in both lower and higher lands in northern Vietnam, but it has only been recorded in higher lands in southern Vietnam, and has never been found in the Mekong delta (Nguyen 2012;Golovatch andSemenyuk 2018, 2021). The distributional pattern of this genus in Vietnam is similar to that in Thailand, where Tylopus species are mostly found in mountainous regions with altitudes of more than 500 m in northern and central Thailand (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010). The highest recorded altitude is 2,300m in Ngoc Linh Mt. (Vietnam) for Tylopus hilaris (Attems, 1937) and T. phanluongi Nguyen, 2012. ...
A conspicuous Tylopus species is described from Northern Vietnam, namely T. helicorthomorphoides sp. nov. The new species is clearly diagnosed by the gonopodal solenophore completely sheathing the solenomere, both being coiled three times, and the absence of spine z and process h of the gonopod. Fragments of the COI and 16S rRNA genes were extracted, and the phylogenetic analysis also supports the new species.
... Tylopus is one of the largest genera in the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889, with 64 valid species distributed in mountainous areas in Indochina and the southern part of China (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993;Likhitrakarn et al., 2010;Nguyen, 2012). Taxonomy of the genus has been revised by Golovatch & Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010), but species occurring in areas other than Thailand have yet been poorly studied. ...
... Tylopus is one of the largest genera in the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889, with 64 valid species distributed in mountainous areas in Indochina and the southern part of China (Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993;Likhitrakarn et al., 2010;Nguyen, 2012). Taxonomy of the genus has been revised by Golovatch & Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010), but species occurring in areas other than Thailand have yet been poorly studied. ...
The 680 bp fragment of the COI gene was employed for DNA barcodes of the millipede genus Tylopus in Vietnam. A total of 22 samples representing for 14 morphological Tylopus species were analyzed. The K2P genetic divergence between Tylopus species ranges from 12.2% to 18.9% with a mean of 15 ± 1%. The intraspecific divergences are slightly different between species, from 3% to 5%. The AGBD analysis and phylogenetic trees also support 14 morphological species. It is also suggested to have more COI sequences of more species for better barcode reference library and better molecular species identification. Son, 2021. The DNA barcodes for the species delimitation of the genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 in Vietnam (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Academia Journal of Biology, 43(2): 37-45. https://doi.
... The predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968, has long been recognized as one of the most speciose and widespread not only within the family Paradoxosomatidae, but also in the entire class Diplopoda (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2016Golovatch 2019). This genus, formerly known as Agnesia Attems, 1953, has been reviewed and rediagnosed several times (Jeekel 1965(Jeekel , 1968Golovatch and Enghoff 1993;Likhitrakarn et al. 2010), but most taxonomic works have focused on adding new species descriptions, presenting a key and a distribution map to reveal the high diversity of the genus (Nguyen 2012;Liu and Luo 2013, Golovatch 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020Likhitrakarn et al. 2014Likhitrakarn et al. , 2016. ...
... The predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese millipede genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968, has long been recognized as one of the most speciose and widespread not only within the family Paradoxosomatidae, but also in the entire class Diplopoda (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2016Golovatch 2019). This genus, formerly known as Agnesia Attems, 1953, has been reviewed and rediagnosed several times (Jeekel 1965(Jeekel , 1968Golovatch and Enghoff 1993;Likhitrakarn et al. 2010), but most taxonomic works have focused on adding new species descriptions, presenting a key and a distribution map to reveal the high diversity of the genus (Nguyen 2012;Liu and Luo 2013, Golovatch 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2020Likhitrakarn et al. 2014Likhitrakarn et al. , 2016. At the moment, 74 species of Tylopus are known from Indochina and the adjacent parts of southern China and Myanmar (formerly Burma). ...
... Terminology concerning gonopodal and somatic structures mostly follows Golovatch and Enghoff (1993) and Likhitrakarn et al. (2010Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2016. Abbreviations of certain gonopodal structures in the figures are explained both in the text and figure captions. ...
The predominantly Indochinese to southern Chinese millipede genus Tylopus presently comprises 76 described species, including two new, T. monticola sp. nov. and T. sutchariti sp. nov., both described and illustrated based on material from a limestone mountain in Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar. Both new species have been found to occur syntopically near limestone caves and are assumed to be narrowly endemic to the Taunggyi Mountains, southwestern Shan State, Myanmar. A key to all six Tylopus species known to occur in Myanmar is provided, and their distributions are also mapped.
... Little is known about the millipede fauna of Mount Fansipan. To date, only 23 species have been reported from this mountain and almost all of them are considered to be endemic to the region (Attems 1938(Attems , 1953Golovatch 1984Golovatch , 2009Enghoff 1987;Enghoff 1993, 1994;Nguyen et al. 2005Nguyen et al. , 2019Nguyen 2012) (Table 1). This work will contribute to a better understanding of the millipede fauna of Mount Fansipan by describing two new paradoxosomatid species found there. ...
... Images at various focal planes were taken under both normal and ultraviolet (UV) light using a micro-optics imaging system coupled with a Nikon D5100 camera (see Sierwald et al. 2019 for a detailed description of the UV imaging technique). Attems, 1938 Polyzoniida Siphonotidae Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 Julida Julidae Nepalmatoiulus fan (Enghoff, 1987) Nepalmatoiulus pan (Enghoff, 1987) Spirobolida Spirobolellidae Physobolus annulatus Attems, 1953 Chordeumatida Kashmireumatidae Vieteuma topali Golovatch, 1984 Polydesmida Cryptodesmidae Trichopeltis kometis (Attems, 1938) Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae Chapanella rubida Attems, 1953 Hylomus cervarius (Attems, 1953) Hylomus proximus (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005) Kronopolites montanus Golovatch, 2009 Oxidus gigas (Attems, 1953) Sapamorpha complexa Golovatch, 2009 Sellanucheza variata (Attems, 1953) Tylopus crassipes Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus magicus Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus nodulipes (Attems, 1953) Tylopus provurcus Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus sapaensis Nguyen, 2012 Tylopus sigma (Attems, 1953) Multiple images were processed in Adobe Lightroom, then stacked using Helicon Focus v. 4.0 and assembled using Adobe Photoshop CS6. For the purposes of scanning electron micrography, gonopods were dissected, mounted on aluminium stubs, coated with gold and then studied using the LEO EVO 60 SEM system (Carl Zeiss) in the Field Museum of Natural History. ...
... Images at various focal planes were taken under both normal and ultraviolet (UV) light using a micro-optics imaging system coupled with a Nikon D5100 camera (see Sierwald et al. 2019 for a detailed description of the UV imaging technique). Attems, 1938 Polyzoniida Siphonotidae Dawydoffia kalonota Attems, 1953 Julida Julidae Nepalmatoiulus fan (Enghoff, 1987) Nepalmatoiulus pan (Enghoff, 1987) Spirobolida Spirobolellidae Physobolus annulatus Attems, 1953 Chordeumatida Kashmireumatidae Vieteuma topali Golovatch, 1984 Polydesmida Cryptodesmidae Trichopeltis kometis (Attems, 1938) Polydesmida Paradoxosomatidae Chapanella rubida Attems, 1953 Hylomus cervarius (Attems, 1953) Hylomus proximus (Nguyen, Golovatch & Anichkin, 2005) Kronopolites montanus Golovatch, 2009 Oxidus gigas (Attems, 1953) Sapamorpha complexa Golovatch, 2009 Sellanucheza variata (Attems, 1953) Tylopus crassipes Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus magicus Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus nodulipes (Attems, 1953) Tylopus provurcus Golovatch, 1984 Tylopus sapaensis Nguyen, 2012 Tylopus sigma (Attems, 1953) Multiple images were processed in Adobe Lightroom, then stacked using Helicon Focus v. 4.0 and assembled using Adobe Photoshop CS6. For the purposes of scanning electron micrography, gonopods were dissected, mounted on aluminium stubs, coated with gold and then studied using the LEO EVO 60 SEM system (Carl Zeiss) in the Field Museum of Natural History. ...
Two new paradoxosomatid millipede species were discovered at the high elevations of Mount Fansipan in northwestern Vietnam. They are named as Orthomorphoides sapa sp. nov. and Hylomus solenophorus sp. nov. In addition to their morphological descriptions, sequences from fragments of two mitochondrial genes, COI and 16S rRNA , are also provided for both new species.
... The finding of a new Eutrichodesmus species in Cambodia fills in the gap in the distribution of the group across the eastern part of mainland Southeast Asia. As demonstrated recently by the discoveries of micropolydesmoids and other millipedes in the adjacent areas (Likhitrakarn et al. 2010(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2011(Likhitrakarn et al. , 2019, Liu et al. 2014, 2017Golovatch 2018;Srisonchai et al. 2018) with respect to the unexplored and isolated limestone in Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos and Thailand, no doubt further new species remain to be discovered. It is hoped that this work will be a useful contribution to the ongoing process of documenting the diversity of Diplopoda in Cambodia and promote further studies on these remarkable creatures. ...
Citation: Srisonchai R, Likhitrakarn N, Sutcharit C, Jeratthitikul E, Siriwut W, Thrach P, Chhuoy S, Ngor PB, Panha S (2020) A new micropolydesmoid millipede of the genus Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910 from Cambodia, with a key to species in mainland Southeast Asia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Haplodesmidae). ZooKeys 996: 59-91. https://doi. Abstract The micropolydesmoid millipede family Haplodesmidae is here recorded from Cambodia for the first time through the discovery of the first, new species of the genus Eutrichodesmus Silvestri, 1910: E. cambo-diensis sp. nov. This new species is described from two limestone habitats in Kampot Province, based on abundant material. It is easily distinguished from all related congeners by the following combination of characters: body greyish-brown; limbus roundly lobulate; solenomere partially divided from acropodite by a digitiform lobe, but without hairpad. Brief remarks on the previously-proposed "pecularis-group" A peer-reviewed open-access journal Ruttapon Srisonchai et al. / ZooKeys 996: 59-91 (2020) 60 are provided and a second group, the "demangei-group", is established and discussed on the basis of morphological evidence, updating the number of recognised species groups of Eutrichodesmus to two. Detailed morphological illustrations, photographs and a distribution map, as well as remarks on its habitat and mating behaviour of the new species are presented. Furthermore, the current distributions of all 55 presently-known species of Eutrichodesmus are provided and a key to all 23 species that occur in mainland Southeast Asia is given.
... ประสิ ทธิ ภาพของคาร์ บาริ ล ฟิ โปรนิ ล และไซเพอร์ เมทริ นต่ อกิ ้ งกื อตะเข็ บสามสี Likhitrakarn et al. (2010Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2011Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2014Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2016Likhitrakarn et al. ( , 2017วิ ทยาศาสตร์ (scientific name) จากเอกสารงานวิ จั ยทาง . (Attems, 1931;1936;1937 ...
... The terminology for the genus Oxidus follows that used by Likhitrakarn et al. (2010) Oxidus riukiaria (Verhoeff, 1940) Okinawa, Japan IEBR-H500 KX096915 KX096926 ...
The genus Oxidus Cook, 1911 is revised to contain five species, O. avia (Verhoeff, 1937), O. gigas (Attems, 1953), O. gracilis (C.L. Koch, 1847), O. riukiaria (Verhoeff, 1940), and “species inquirenda” O. obtusus (Takakuwa, 1942). A cosmopolitan species, O. gracilis, is widely found in temperate and sub-tropical regions over the world, but other species have limited distribution in restricted regions, e.g., O. gigas in northern Vietnam, O. riukiaria and O. avia in the Ryukyu Islands (Japan). Four species, O. gracilis, O. riukiaria, O. avia and O. gigas, are confirmed as different from each other in gonopod characters, coloration and body size. The status of the last species, O. obtusus, is still doubtful and requires examination of further fresh material. The phylogenetic relationships among species of Oxidus is analyzed using two fragments of the mitochondrial genes COI (Cytochrome c Oxidase subunit I) and 16S rRNA. Three species of Oxidus are clearly separated from each other; O. gigas and O. gracilis form a monophyletic sister group with O. riukiaria. The genus Oxidus is also monophyletic and more closely related to the genus Tylopus Jeekel, 1968 than to the genera Sellanucheza Enghoff, Golovatch & Nguyen, 2004 or Kronopolites Attems, 1914. In addition, an identification key to species of Oxidus is provided.
