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Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. var. intermedia M.A. Rahman & Wilcock A. Flowering twig; B. Leaf-adaxial view; C. Leaf-abaxial view; D. Open flower; E. Calyx; F. Gynostegium.
Source publication
A new subspecies, Tylophora perakensis King & Gamble subsp. andamanica is
described and illustrated from Little Andaman Island, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. A new combination, Tylophora hookeriana is proposed and the distributional status of T. indica Merr. var. intermedia M.A. Rahman & Wilcock is also discussed based on the fresh collectio...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Islands the first author had collected this variety from the Sea shores of the National Park, thus the collection confirms its distribution in India. This variety differs from var. glabra (Decne.) H. Huber by its pubescent stems and inflorescences and from its typical variety indica by its glabrous corolla lobes and lower surface of leaves. ( Fig. 2). A climbing shrub, up to 2 m long; branches minutely ridged, pale brown when dry; internodes 7-11 cm long, pubescent, sparsely hairy at nodes. Leaves simple, opposite-decussate, ovate or ovate-oblong, 2-5×1.0-2.6 cm, base cordate, asymmetric and hairy, margin entire, apex acuminate and mucronate, glabrous; lateral veins 4 or 5 pairs; ...
Citations
Plants of the genus Tylophora have commonly been used in traditional medicine in various communities, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions of climatic zones. Of the nearly 300 species reported in the Tylophora genus, eight are primarily used in various forms to treat a variety of bodily disorders based on the symptoms. Certain plants from the genus have found use as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-microbial, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-oxidant, smooth muscle relaxant, immunomodulatory, and anti-plasmodium agents, as well as free-radical scavengers. Pharmacologically, a few plant species from the genus have exhibited broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity, which has been proven through experimental evaluations. Some of the plants in the genus have also helped in alcohol-induced anxiety amelioration and myocardial damage repair. The plants belonging to the genus have also shown diuretic, anti-asthmatic, and hepato-protective activities. Tylophora plants have afforded diverse structural bases for secondary metabolites, mainly belonging to phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids, which have been found to treat several diseases with promising pharmacological activity levels. This review encompasses information on various Tylophora species, their distribution, corresponding plant synonyms, and chemical diversity of the secondary metabolic phytochemicals as reported in the literature, together with their prominent biological activities.
All 301 names in Tylophora and the small genera in Asclepiadeae-Tylophorinae now considered synonymous with Vincetoxicum, namely Amblyoglossum, Belostemma, Biondia, Blyttia, Diplostigma, Goydera, Hoyopsis, Hybanthera, Iphisia, Ischnostemma, Merrillanthus, Microstephanus, Nanostelma, Neohenrya, Oncostemma, Pentabothra, Pentastelma, Pleurostelma, Podostelma, Pycnostelma, Rhyncharrhena, Sphaerocodon, Spirella, Tylophoropsis and Vincetoxicopsis, are listed. A total of 107 new combinations are made (104 in Vincetoxicum, one in Dregea, one in Marsdenia, and one in Lygisma), 25 nomina nova have been coined, 141 typifications are undertaken and 10 new synonyms are proposed.
