FIG 4 - uploaded by Dmytro Leontyev
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Tubifera applanata. a. Immature pseudoaethalium (Courtesy of Renato Cainelli). b, c. Mature pseudoaethalium on the dead wood (Courtesy of Renée Lebeuf). c. Mature pseudoaethalium on the litter (Courtesy of Renato Cainelli). d-f. Individual sporothecae from above. g, h. Cross section of pseudoaethalia. i. Opened sporothecae with columellae visible. j, k. Tips of individual sporothecae. l. Outer surface of peridium, covered with granules. m, n. Ring ornamentation on inner
Source publication
Based on a combination of morphological and molecular investigations, a critical revision of the widely distributed myxomycete Tubifera ferruginosa is presented. A phylogeny of the morphospecies, based on partial 18S nuc rDNA sequences, displays several clearly distinct clades, all differing by a genetic distance (p distance) of at least 0.15, with...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the 31 genotypes formed 10 clusters with the species level of difference between them (p $ 0.15), suggesting that the T. ferruginosa complex is represented by at least 10 species (FIGS. 2-9). Two of them, with 18 and six investigated specimens belonging to a single geno- type, respectively, correspond to the recently de- scribed T. applanata (FIG. 4) and R. dudkae (FIG. 5). Our 18S rDNA phylogeny substantially supports the separation of both ...
Context 2
... by Leontyev and Fefelov (2009) and Leontyev and Moreno (2011), both rings and wavy folds were found in all species of the T. ferruginosa complex except for T. applanata and T. pseudomicrosperma. Nevertheless, these structures are variable in density and morphology. As shown previously, peridial rings are frequent and large in T. applanata (FIG. 4m, n) but also common in T. dudkae (FIG. 5n), T. montana (FIG. 6n) and T. magna (FIG. 7o), albeit they are much smaller and less prominent. In T. ferruginosa (FIG. 2n) and T. corymbosa (FIG. 9o), rings are extremely rare. In T. pseudomicrosperma, the circular ornamentation con- sists of rimmed craters, which are similar to those of T. ...
Citations
... Studies of the myxomycete-insect relationships have been conducted Romanenko 2006, Perkovskyi andKrivomaz 1994). Modern techniques, such as cultivation (Morozova 2010), biochemical analyses (Romanenko 2006), SEM (Leontyev et al. 2015, Leontyev and Fefelov 2012, Leontyev and Moreno 2011, molecular barcoding , Yatsiuk et al. 2023) are now widely used by Ukrainian myxomycetologists. ...
... Ukrainian collections were used for the description of 16 new species and two subspecies taxa; the holotypes of eight new taxa were collected in Ukraine. Two words of Ukrainian origin, Skovoroda (personal name) and palyanytsia (round bread) were used to create species epithets for new taxa , Leontyev et al. 2015, Leontyev and Fefelov 2009, Leontyev and Moreno 2011, Yatsiuk et al. 2023, Leontyev and Fefelov 2012. ...
A significant body of valuable data about the myxomycetes of Ukraine lies in a “grey zone”. This encompasses undigitized historical books and articles published in languages such as Polish, French, or German, as well as proceedings from local conferences, articles featured in local scientific journals, and annual reports submitted to public authorities by employees of protected areas, published in Ukrainian or Russian. Yet, due to their exclusive existence in print and often the Cyrillic alphabet, these publications remain neither findable nor accessible to a wider audience.
The datasets presented here aim to summarize over 150 years of myxomycetes research in Ukraine. The majority of the data has been extracted from published literature sources spanning the years 1842 to 2023, with a minor supplement from unpublished herbarium specimens. The datasets include 5036 georeferenced occurrences, 339 taxa and 91 literature sources. Seventy one of the used literature sources, mostly published before 2010, we uploaded to zenodo.org and available in open access.
... Identification of taxa was primarily done using identification keys (Poulain et al. 2011, Neubert et al. 1993, Neubert et al.1995, Neubert et al. 2000, Nannenga-Bremekamp 2022 and original descriptions, available in the online database of Lado (2005Lado ( -2023. The latest taxonomic changes are also taken into account (Leontyev et al. 2015, 2019b, García-Cunchillos et al. 2022, García-Martín et al. 2023. ...
... The myxomycete diversity of Ukraine has been extensively studied in the past decades and a number of new species have been described for the country (Leontyev et al. 2015, 2019a, Yatsiuk et al. 2023. Species diversity in protected natural areas has obtained considerable attention during this period. ...
... These methods have shown that the species diversity of myxomycetes is far from fully understood . Many classical, morphologically delineated species have turned out to be intricate complexes of several Schnittler and Feng 2015) or even several dozen (Leontyev et al. 20152023a, 2023bShchepin et al. 2022) biological species still awaiting formal description. The characterization of this recently discovered diversity could take decades. ...
A new genus and species of myxomycete, Tasmaniomyxa umbilicata, is described based on numerous observations in Tasmania and additional records from southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The new taxon is characterized by an unusual combination of characters from two families: Lamprodermataceae and Didymiaceae. With Lamprodermataceae the species shares limeless sporocarps, a shining membranous peridium, an epihypothallic stalk, and a cylindrical columella. Like Didymiaceae, it has a soft, flaccid, sparsely branched capillitium, with rough tubular threads that contain fusiform nodes and are firmly connected to the peridium. Other characters of T. umbilicata that also occur in many Didymiaceae are the peridium dehiscing into petaloid lobes, the yellow, motile plasmodium, and the spores ornamented with larger, grouped and smaller, scattered warts. The transitional position of the new taxon is reflected by a three-gene phylogeny, which places T. umbilicata at the base of the branch of all lime-containing Physarales, thus justifying its description as a monotypic genus.
... DNA barcodes allowed to reliably differentiate morphological species identified in this survey, since all barcode sequences were unique for a particular species and were not shared by two or more species. DNA barcodes helped to assign specimens to relatively recently described species due to a match to published barcodes: Tubifera montana (Leontyev et al. 2015) and Stemonitis pseudoflavogenita . ...
... Previous molecular studies (Leontyev et al. 2015(Leontyev et al. , 2022b demonstrated that herbarium collections identified as L. epidendrum (and, occasionally, as L. exiguum) combine at least 60 phylogenetic groups. Testing for gaps in genetic distances revealed significant differences between these groups, and a reproductive test performed for 18 of them revealed reproductive isolation (Leontyev et al. 2022b). ...
... 5K) Ultrastructure of the peridium.-In representatives of the genus Tubifera, the ornamentation of the inner surface of the peridium is an important diagnostic feature (Leontyev et al. 2015). Four main variants of ornamentation are known for this genus: smooth, scatteredwarty, wavy-folded, and ring-bearing. ...
Based on a study of 255 collections from four continents and four floristic kingdoms, we describe 15 new species of the genus Lycogala. The new species, all morphologically close to L. epidendrum, L. exiguum, and L. confusum, differ from each other by the structure of the peridium and, in some cases, also by the color of the fresh spore mass and the ornamentation of the capillitium and spores. Species delimitation is confirmed by two independently inherited molecular markers, as well as previously performed tests of reproductive isolation and genetic distances. We studied authentic material of L. exiguum and L. confusum and found fresh specimens of these species, which allowed us to obtain molecular barcodes and substantiate the separation of new species from these taxa. We propose to retain the name L. epidendrum for the globally most abundant species, for which we provide a more precise description and a neotypification. Two formerly described species, L. leiosporum and L. fuscoviolaceum, we consider to be dubious. We do not recognize the species L. terrestre.
... In the studied sample 18S ribotypes and EF1A variants formed unique pairs, providing no evidence of recombination between carriers of different ribotypes. Therefore, we cannot exclude existing of several reproductively isolated populations (biospecies) within L. zonatopulchellum, as it was previously reported for other morphospecies , Feng & Schnittler 2015, Leontyev et al. 2015, Leontyev et al. 2019b, Leontyev et al. 2021). However, especially for small sample sizes of spatially heterogeneous origin, geographic isolation may be as well an explanation. ...
Based on morphological characteristics and three molecular markers (18S rDNA, EF1A and ITS), we describe as new to science a dark-spored myxomycete, Lamproderma zonatopulchellum. The new species is morphologically similar to L. zonatum, sharing ovoid sporothecae and concentric zonate coloration on the peridium with the latter. However, the small sporocarps and a pale capillitium distinguish L. zonatopulchellum from L. zonatum and ally it with L. pulchellum. Genetically, L. zonatopulchellum represents one of several branches closely related to L. pulchellum and very distant from L. zonatum. We sequenced three variants of each marker gene 18S rDNA, EF1A and ITS in ten accessions assigned to L. zonatopulchellum, which formed unique pairs of alleles, providing no evidence of recombination. This may indicate a possible separation of L. zonatopulchellum into biospecies, but may as well be caused simply by geographic isolation between the specimens investigated by us. Genetic distances calculated from 18S, EF1A and ITS sequences for the genus Lamproderma as a whole show no universal threshold for species delimitation. However, 18S and EF1A revealed local barcode gaps, thus allowing to delimit species within subgeneric groups. An alignment-free evaluation demonstrates that the ITS region of Lamproderma, although extremely variable, retains the evolutionary signal and adequately reflects evolutionary relationships.
... has very large, silvery sporocarps, and L. exiguum three "noncanonical" morphotypes but did not formally described them as separate taxa. A first molecular study (Leontyev et al. 2015) indicated the presence of at least four undescribed species within L. epidendrum. A detailed micromorphological study of the peridium of fruiting bodies including 257 specimens of L. epidendrum revealed 21 morphotypes, which differ from each other not less than from other described species of the genus Lycogala (Leontyev et al. 2022). ...
... ex Lister , or 10 in Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch) J.F. Gmel. (Leontyev et al. 2015;Lloyd et al. 2019). Recently, a worldwide study of the Physarum albescens Ellis ex T. Macbr. ...
... Our study revealed systematic problems with molecular barcoding of myxomycetes of the order Reticulariales (Leontyev et al. 2019b), for which it remains impossible to find universal primers and, accordingly, to establish a routine sequencing of marker genes (Leontyev et al. 2014(Leontyev et al. , 2015(Leontyev et al. , 2019a. For Lycogala spp., a sequential trial with several primer pairs (mostly S1a/R_SIP and SF1/SR6Bright) allowed us to achieve a relatively high success rate. ...
Lycogala epidendrum is one of the most widely known myxomycete species and the first-ever discovered representative of this group. Using 687 original DNA sequences from 330 herbarium specimens from Europe, Asia, North and Central America, and Australia, we constructed the first detailed phylogenies of the genus Lycogala, based on two independently inherited genetic markers, the ribosome small subunit 18S rRNA nuclear gene (18S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). In both phylogenies, L. epidendrum appeared to be a polyphyletic group, represented by numerous clades. The four other recognized species of the genus (L. confusum, L. conicum, L. exiguum, and L. flavofuscum) are scattered between branches corresponding to L. epidendrum. A barcode gap analysis revealed 60 18S rDNA phylogroups of L. epidendrum, which are distant from each other not less than from other species of the genus Lycogala. For 18 of these phylogroups with both 18S rDNA and COI sequences available, recombination patterns were analyzed to test for reproductive isolation. In contrast to the results of a simulation assuming panmixis, no crossing between ribosomal and mitochondrial phylogroups was found, thus allowing the conclusion that all tested phylogroups represent biospecies. More than one third (39.6%) of the studied specimens share a single 18S rDNA phylogroup, which we consider to be L. epidendrum s. str. This group displays the broadest geographic distribution and the highest intraspecific genetic variability. Nearly all (93.3%) of the remaining non-singleton 18S rDNA phylogroups are restricted to certain continents or even regions. At the same time, various reproductively isolated phylogroups occur sympatric at a given location.
... In similar way, the recently described Tubifera magna was assigned to T. ferruginosa s.l. (Leontyev et al. 2015). Licaethalium olivaceum, originally reported as Enteridium olivaceum, but later assigned to the order Cribrariales under the current name (Leontyev et al. 2019b), is another inconspicuous and often overlooked species, which may be much more abundant in Alaska than reflected by the database. ...
... However, it has to be admitted that the method based only on morphological identification has certain limitations, especially for differentiation of complexes of cryptic species. For example, Leontyev et al. (2015) identified and described several formerly cryptic species based on 18S sequences of the Tubifera ferruginosa complex. In a similar way, the common morphospecies Lycogala epidendrum seems to represent a large complex of cryptic species (Leontyev et al. 2022). ...
Myxomycete research in China is mostly focused on abundance-based diversity assessments of natural habitats, or species checklists of local regions, but studies of myxomycete diversity over broad geographical scales are limited. This study reports diversity from four mountainous areas in central China based on a total of 3212 specimens representing 155 species of 38 genera. The most abundant species were Arcyria cinerea, Colloderma oculatum, and Clastoderma debaryanum. Species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity were significantly different among the study areas, with highest values found for the Tiantangzhai Forest Park for specimens from moist chamber culture and Houhe Reserve from field collections. Species richness and diversity in mixed broadleaf-conifer forests were higher than in broadleaf and coniferous forests. Myxomycetes on substrates cultivated in moist chamber cultures had a more comparable species composition, implying that some species show a higher fruiting propensity in such culture than others. There were significant differences in myxomycete communities of various substrates between study areas and forest types, with the former explaining a higher part of the variation. This first exploration on a large spatial scale in China suggested that the effects of geographical separation on myxomycete communities were greater than separation in forest types.
