Fig 4 - uploaded by Patricia Barberá
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Trisetum macrotrichum. A. Habit. B. Inflorescence. C. Portions of the culm and node. D. Sheath, ligule, and portion of the blade. E. Transverse section of half of the leaf blade. F. Spikelet. G. Florets. H. Floret. I. First glume, dorsal view. J. Second glume, dorsal view. K. Lemma, upper part, lateral view. L. Palea, ventral view. M. Palea, lateral view. N. Lodicules. O. Stamens. P. Pistil. Q. Caryopsis. (Degen 160, JE, O-V2126613, A-P; Hermann s. n., B-100526317, N, Q).
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Ataxonomic revision of Trisetum sect. Acrospelion is presented.We include descriptions and synonyms of each taxon from a study of 670
vouchers from 45 herbaria. Detailed morphometric descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, identification key, and habitat data are given for
each taxon. Twelve names are lectotypified: Aira halleri Honck., Ave...
Citations
... (1 sp., western Eurasia) and the Koeleriinae clades 1 and 2. Koeleriinae clade 1 includes the genera Acrospelion Besser s.l. (10 spp., Eurasia; Barberá et al., 2017Barberá et al., , 2020 Anthoxanthinae A. Gray has a stem date of 21.9 Ma, with one genus, Anthoxanthum L. (42 spp., worldwide). Pimentel et al. (2013) presented DNA phylogenetic results for a broad sample of species, in which a grade from Hierochloe R.Br. to Anthoxanthum s.s. is evident. ...
Grasses are widespread on every continent and are found in all terrestrial biomes. The dominance and spread of grasses and grassland ecosystems have led to significant changes in Earth’s climate, geochemistry, and biodiversity. The abundance of DNA sequence data, particularly chloroplast sequences, and advances in placing grass fossils within the family allows for a reappraisal of the family's origins, timing, and geographic spread and the factors that have promoted diversification. We reconstructed a time-calibrated grass phylogeny and inferred ancestral areas using chloroplast DNA sequences from nearly 90% of extant grass genera. With a few notable exceptions, the phylogeny is well resolved to the subtribal level. The family began to diversify in the Early–Late Cretaceous (crown age of 98.54 Ma) on West Gondwana before the complete split between Africa and South America. Vicariance from the splitting of Gondwana may be responsible for the initial divergence in the family. However, Africa clearly served as the center of origin for much of the early diversification of the family. With this phylogenetic, temporal, and spatial framework, we review the evolution and biogeography of the family with the aim to facilitate the testing of biogeographical hypotheses about its origins, evolutionary tempo, and diversification. The current classification of the family is discussed with an extensive review of the extant diversity and distribution of species, molecular and morphological evidence supporting the current classification scheme, and the evidence informing our understanding of the biogeographical history of the family.
... Recently, Barberá et al. (2017Barberá et al. ( , 2019Barberá et al. ( , 2020 transferred some groups of Trisetum to the genus Koeleria based on morphological and molecular evidence, and proposed a new genus (Sibirotrisetum Barberá, Soreng, Romasch., A. Quintanar & P.M. Peterson) while resurrecting another (Acrospelion Besser) to further reflect the relationships in Aveninae. Here we transfer Trisetum glaciale to Acrospelion based on the results of Barberá et al. (2017Barberá et al. ( , 2018Barberá et al. ( , 2020. ...
... Recently, Barberá et al. (2017Barberá et al. ( , 2019Barberá et al. ( , 2020 transferred some groups of Trisetum to the genus Koeleria based on morphological and molecular evidence, and proposed a new genus (Sibirotrisetum Barberá, Soreng, Romasch., A. Quintanar & P.M. Peterson) while resurrecting another (Acrospelion Besser) to further reflect the relationships in Aveninae. Here we transfer Trisetum glaciale to Acrospelion based on the results of Barberá et al. (2017Barberá et al. ( , 2018Barberá et al. ( , 2020. ...
In this study, we analyzed 313 plastid genomes (plastomes) of Poaceae with a focus on expanding our current knowledge of relationships among the subfamily Pooideae, which represented over half the dataset (164 representatives). In total, 47 plastomes were sequenced and assembled for this study. This is the largest study of its kind to include plastome-level data, to not only increase sampling at both the taxonomic and molecular levels with the aim of resolving complex and reticulate relationships, but also to analyze the effects of alignment gaps in large-scale analyses, as well as explore divergences in the subfamily with an expanded set of 14 accepted grass fossils for more accurate calibrations and dating. Incorporating broad systematic assessments of Pooideae taxa conducted by authors within the last five years, we produced a robust phylogenomic reconstruction for the subfamily, which included all but two supergeneric taxa (Calothecinae and Duthieeae).
We further explored how including alignment gaps in plastome analyses oftentimes can produce incorrect or misinterpretations of complex or reticulate relationships among taxa of Pooideae. This presented itself as consistently changing relationships at specific nodes for different stripping thresholds (percentage-based removal of gaps per alignment column). Our summary recommendation for large-scale genomic plastome datasets is to strip alignment columns of all gaps to increase pairwise identity and reduce errant signal from poly A/T bias. To do this we used the “mask alignment” tool in Geneious software. Finally, we determined an overall divergence age for Pooideae of roughly 84.8 Mya, which is in line with, but slightly older than most recent estimates.
... Trisetum Pers. [Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnhart: subfamily Pooideae Benth.], the yellow oatgrasses [type = Trisetum flavescens (L.) Pers.] traditionally comprises approximately 70 species inhabiting temperate and cold regions, mainly in the northern hemisphere and in South America, Australia, and New Zealand (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986;Barberá et al., 2017aBarberá et al., , 2017bBarberá et al., , 2018a. The morphological characteristics defining the genus are perennial habit, two to five-flowered spikelets, upper glume sub-equal or shorter than the spikelet, the bifid, usually dorsally-awned lemmas, gaping, scareous to hyaline paleas, usually glabrous ovaries, and soft, sometimes liquid endosperm. ...
... Recent infrageneric classifications of Trisetum by Barberá et al. (2017aBarberá et al. ( , 2017bBarberá et al. ( , 2018a accepted four sections. Trisetum sect. ...
... (seven species) and T. sect. Sibirica (Chrtek) Barberá (six species) are mainly distributed in the Old World (Barberá et al., 2017a; and T. sect. Trisetaera Asch. ...
To investigate the evolutionary relationships among the species of Trisetum and other members of subtribe Koeleriinae a phylogeny based on DNA sequences from four gene regions (ITS, rpl32‐trnL spacer, rps16‐trnK spacer, and rps16 intron) is presented. The analyses, including type species of all genera in Koeleriinae (Acrospelion, Avellinia, Cinnagrostis, Gaudinia, Koeleria, Leptophyllochloa, Limnodea, Peyritschia, Rostraria, Sphenopholis, Trisetaria, Trisetopsis, Trisetum), along with three outgroups, confirms previous indications of extensive polyphyly of Trisetum. Here we focus on the monophyletic Trisetum sect. Sibirica clade that we interpret here as a distinct genus, Sibirotrisetum gen. nov. We include a description of Sibirotrisetum with the following seven new combinations: Sibirotrisetum aeneum, S. bifidum, S. henryi, S. scitulum, S. sibiricum, S. sibiricum subsp. litorale, and S. turcicum; and a single new combination in Acrospelion: A. distichophyllum. Trisetum s.s. is limited to 1, 2 or 3 species pending further study. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... This genus includes about 50 species that often form a significant part of the temperate and cold grasslands of the Northern Hemisphere, although they are also found in South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Their habitat varies according to their wide distributional range, and its species are found in open grasslands to shady areas of forests, high mountain meadows, and even the tundra (Hultén, 1959;Chrtek, 1965;Clayton & Renvoize, 1986;Randall & Hilu, 1986;Watson & Dallwitz, 1992;Finot et al., 2004Finot et al., , 2005aFinot et al., , 2005bBarberá et al., 2017aBarberá et al., , 2017b. Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., one of the species included in the section studied here, is of great economic interest as a fodder plant for both wild and domestic livestock. ...
... and Trisetum sect. Sibirica (Chrtek) Barberá (Barberá et al., 2017a(Barberá et al., , 2017b. Six of the species of the section to which we dedicate the present work, Trisetum sect. ...
... & Graebn. A review of the history of the genus can be found in Finot et al. (2005a) and Barberá et al. (2017a). Chrtek (1965Chrtek ( , 1967aChrtek ( , 1968 carefully studied the European species of Trisetum, proposing new infrageneric divisions of the genus. ...
A taxonomic revision of Trisetum Pers. sect. Trisetum is presented. We include descriptions and synonyms of each taxon from a study of 894 vouchers from 45 herbaria. Detailed morphometric descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, an identification key, and habitat data are given for each taxon. Morphometric variation of the main characters is shown by box plots. Thirty-one names are lectotypified. Two neotypes are designated. We recognize eight species of Trisetum in the section: T. alpestre (Host) P. Beauv., T. altaicum Stephan ex Roshev., T. bertolonii Jonsell, T. flavescens (L.) P. Beauv., T. fuscum Schult., T. glaciale (Bory) Boiss., T. gracile (Moris) Boiss., and T. laconicum Boiss. & Orph. Two infraspecific taxa of T. flavescens are recognized (T. flavescens subsp. flavescens and T. flavescens subsp. griseovirens (H. Lindb.) Dobignard). Six of the eight species of Trisetum sect. Trisetum are endemic to the different European mountain ranges, while T. altaicum grows in the Altai and Tian Shan Mountains, and in the mountains of northern Mongolia and southern Russia, and T. flavescens is widespread in temperate regions of Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa. Vegetative propagation by pseudoviviparism is observed for the first time in specimens of T. flavescens subsp. flavescens.
... Leaves-As in the rest of the genus Trisetum, the indumentum, shape, and size of ligules, leaf-sheaths, and leafblades are variable characters in the same plant, depending on whether they are the basal or the top culm-leaf. Notable heterophylly occurs between young and mature leaf-blades in genus Trisetum, as well as in the closely related genus Koeleria (Quintanar and Castroviejo 2013; Barberá et al. 2017). Leaf-Sheaths-Basal leaf-sheaths are glabrous to slightly, rarely densely, pubescent. ...
... Trisetum bifidum is the species with the longest callus hairs (0.3-0.7 mm long). Palea-The palea disposition and its shape are the same as in the rest of the species of the genus ( Barberá et al. 2017). In this section, the palea of T. turcicum is longer than the rest of species [(5-)5.7-7(-7.2) mm long]. ...
A taxonomic revision of Trisetum sect. Sibirica is presented. We include descriptions and synonyms of each taxon from a study of 450 vouchers from 35 herbaria. Detailed morphometric descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, identification key, and habitat data are given for each taxon. An identification key for all taxa of Trisetum sect. Sibirica is provided. Morphometric variation of the main characters is shown by box plots. Six names are lectotypified. We recognize six species of Trisetum in the section: T. aeneum, T. bifidum, T. henryi, T. Scitulum, T. Sibiricum, and T. turcicum. Two infraspecific taxa of T. Sibiricum are recognized (T. Sibiricum subsp. Sibiricum and T. Sibiricum subsp. litorale), while T. pauciflorum, T. Sikkimense, and T. umbratile are reduced to synonyms of T. Sibiricum subsp. Sibiricum. Four of the six species of Trisetum sect. Sibirica are endemic to Eastern Asia and New Guinea, while T. turcicum grows in Turkey, the Caucasus, and Northern Iran, and T. Sibiricum is widespread from Eastern Europe to Alaska and Canada.
... Trisetum Pers. [Poaceae (R. Br.) Barnhart: subfamily Pooideae Benth.], the yellow oatgrasses [type = Trisetum flavescens (L.) Pers.] traditionally comprises approximately 70 species inhabiting temperate and cold regions, mainly in the northern hemisphere and in South America, Australia, and New Zealand (Clayton & Renvoize, 1986;Barberá et al., 2017aBarberá et al., , 2017bBarberá et al., , 2018a. The morphological characteristics defining the genus are perennial habit, two to five-flowered spikelets, upper glume sub-equal or shorter than the spikelet, the bifid, usually dorsally-awned lemmas, gaping, scareous to hyaline paleas, usually glabrous ovaries, and soft, sometimes liquid endosperm. ...
... Recent infrageneric classifications of Trisetum by Barberá et al. (2017aBarberá et al. ( , 2017bBarberá et al. ( , 2018a accepted four sections. Trisetum sect. ...
... (seven species) and T. sect. Sibirica (Chrtek) Barberá (six species) are mainly distributed in the Old World (Barberá et al., 2017a; and T. sect. Trisetaera Asch. ...
Typescript (photocopy). Thesis (Ph. D.)--New Mexico State University, 1986. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-210).
A checklist of the grasses of India is presented, as compiled from survey of all available literature. Of the twelve subfamilies of grasses, ten are represented in India. Most subfamilies have been examined by taxonomic experts for up-to-date nomenclature. The list includes 1506 species plus infraspecific taxa and presents information on types, synonyms, distribution within India, and habit. Twelve new combinations are made, viz. Arctopoa tibetica (Munro ex Stapf) Prob. var. aristulata (Stapf) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Chimonocalamus nagalandianus (H.B. Naithani) L.G. Clark, comb. nov. ; Chionachne digitata (L.f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Chionachne wallichiana (Nees) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Dinebra polystachyo s (R. Br.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Moorochloa eruciformis (Sm.) Veldkamp var. divaricata (Basappa & Muniv.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd. ex Lindl.) Munro var. puberula (Miq.) Kailash, comb. & stat. nov. ; Tzveleviochloa schmidii (Hook. f.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Urochloa lata (Schumach.) C.E. Hubb. var. pubescens (C.E. Hubb.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Urochloa ramosa (L.) T.Q. Nguyen var. pubescens (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov. ; Urochloa semiundulata (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Ashalatha & V.J. Nair var. intermedia (Basappa & Muniy.) E.A. Kellogg, comb. nov.
