FIGURE 4 - uploaded by Roberto Antonio Zucchi
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Trichogramma pratissolii n. sp. Basiconic sensillum: a -position 3 (20590x, 1µm).Genital capsule: b1 -dorsal view (1460x, 10 µm); b2 -ventral view (1460x, 10µm)
Source publication
Querino, R. B., Zucchi, R. A. (2003): New species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) associated with lepidopterous eggs in Brazil. Zootaxa 163: 1-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156796
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Citations
... Querino et al. (2017) realizaron la descripción de dos especies de Trichogramma para Brasil. Querino & Zucchi realizaron una gran cantidad de contribuciones sobre el género Trichogramma para América del Sur y Brasil: caracterización morfológica de diez es-pecies del género registradas en América del Sur (Querino & Zucchi, 2003a); seis especies nuevas de Trichogramma para el bosque brasileño (Querino & Zucchi, 2003b); una especie nueva de Trichogramma asociada con huevos de lepidópteros (Querino & Zucchi, 2003c); clave ilustrada de especies de Trichogramma para Brasil (Querino & Zucchi, 2005); guía de identificación de Trichogramma para Brasil (Querino & Zucchi, 2011); y más recientemente una lista de 43 especies con clave ilustrada del género Trichogramma para América del Sur, donde compilan información sobre caracteres morfológicos diagnósticos, distribución por países y huéspedes para cada especie (Querino & Zucchi, 2019). El resto de los trabajos sobre la familia para la región, incluyen redescripciones de especies, estudios biológicos y morfométricos de especies y relevamientos de parasitoides para huéspedes (Querino & Zucchi, 2004a, b, c;Logarzo et al., 2004;Virla et al., 2009). ...
Trichogramatids are a cosmopolitan family of Hymenop-tera, whose members behave principally as solitary or gregary endoparasitoids of eggs of different insect orders. This chapter includes aspects of their morphology, tax-onomy, phylogeny, biology, and economic importance. A generic and specific key from Argentina and a list of the species and known hosts are also provided.
... Associations of T. absoluta with Copidosoma desantisi Annecke and Mynhardt (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in Chile, and Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsamura in Chile and T. lopezandinense Sarmiento (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Colombia could not be found neither in the databases nor in the original papers where they were mentioned. Trichogramma dendrolimi was introduced in Brazil to control other insect pests than T. absoluta (Querino and Zucchi 2003). A similar situation occurred with Trichogramma telengai Sorokina that is cited for Chile; the species is a junior synonym of T. bezdencovii Bezdenko, and it is associated with Rhyacionia buoliana (Denis and Schiffmüller) in that country (Noyes 2018). ...
... Information related to the importation of many of these biological control agents in Latin America is often lacking or published in non-peerreviewed articles. There are reports that mention Trichogramma fasciatum (Perkins), originally from Mexico, that was released in South America to control the sugar cane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (Burrell and McCormick 1962); T. minutum Riley was imported from North America to Chile and Peru for T. absoluta and Heliothis zea (Boddie) biological control (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Klein Koch 1977); T. pintoi Voegele, originally from the Holarctic region, that was imported to South America for controlling several lepidopteran pests (Iannaconne and Lamas 2003;Querino and Zucchi 2003) and Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja introduced from Australia to Argentina and Chile to mainly control the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Hutchison et al. 1989;Riquelme Virgala and Botto 2010). The egg prepupal parasitoid C. gelechiae was imported from Australia to Peru as a natural enemy of Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (De Santis 1979). ...
... Its primary hosts are eggs of the following lepidopteran species: Erinnyis ello (L.) (Sphingidae), Alabama argillacea (Meyrick), H. zea, Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) and Sacadodes pyralis Dyar (Noctuidae), Dione juno juno (Cramer) (Nymphalidae), D. saccharalis, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) and Palpita persimilis Walker (Crambidae), Dichomeris sp. and S. cerealella, T. absoluta (Gelechiidae), Pococera atramentalis Lederer (Pyralidae), Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Meyrick) and Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Tortricidae). Host plants are important crops for South America: cassava, several Citrus sp., cotton, sugarcane, corn, sorghum, passion fruit and olive orchards (Querino and Zucchi 2003). ...
We conducted a review of published information on T. absoluta parasitoids for the Neotropical region to (1) corroborate species records, (2) analyze associations including the T. absoluta, other insect and plant hosts, and (3) identify research directions for enhancing their use as biological control agents. The literature review shows more than 50 species or morphospecies of Hymenoptera associated with T. absoluta, but less than a half (23) could be confirmed as parasitizing T. absoluta. As a result of erroneous reports or invalid names of species, and two new species records were found. Over a 100 of pest and non-economically important insect, and cultivated and non-cultivated plants directly or indirectly interact with T. absoluta in the Neotropical region. Four T. absoluta parasitoid species include in their host range predatory insects or act as hyperparasitoids, a negative feature considered for a biological control agent. Five larval parasitoids seem to have a narrow host range and could be considered for classical biological control programs in the areas of new invasion. Six Trichogrammatidae species are commercially used various countries; of those, T. minutum and T. pretiosum are considered to be moderately generalist, being able to exploit several insect resources. Apart from Apanteles gelechiidivoris and Pseudapanteles dignus, other native species have been the subject of field studies to determine their biological control efficacy. The review presented here provides useful insights for identifying the species which that deserve further evaluation as T. absoluta biological control agents through augmentative or conservation strategies in South America, as well as for potential T. absoluta classical biological control programs in other continents.
... Most surveys of Trichogramma in South America have been carried out in agroecosystems. Consequently, information on species of Trichogramma from undisturbed habitats is scarce (Querino & Zucchi 2003a). The stillincipient knowledge of the distribution pattern of Trichogramma in South America is hindered by the introduction of species with no taxonomic studies or previous surveys of the native species in the area. ...
... Trichogramma parrai might be confused with T. nemesis and T. stampae, but it is distinguished from them by the more elongate posterior extension and weakly lobed dorsal lamina with shoulders not approaching the sides of the genital capsule. It was collected in an electrical suction trap set in a forest reserve (Querino & Zucchi 2003a). Only the type material is known. ...
... The most conspicuous character to distinguish them are the volsellae, which are distinctly lobate in T. bennetti. Trichogramma pusillum was collected in an electrical suction trap set in a forest reserve (Querino & Zucchi 2003a Comments. Trichogramma rojasi can be confused with T. lasallei. ...
A checklist is provided for all 43 species of Trichogramma recorded in South America, including diagnoses, comments, hosts, and distributions. A key to the South American species based on males (external morphology and genitalia) is also presented. Trichogramma koehleri Blanchard is here placed as species inquirenda.
... The slides with genitalia (males only) were labeled and observed under a Carl Zeiss GmbH microscope with AxioVision Rel software (Ver 4.8). Species were initially identified based on morphology, referring to a combination of the following published taxonomic accounts: Nagarkatti and Nagaraja (1971), He and Pang (1999), Querino and Zucchi (2003), and Wu et al. (2016). All voucher specimens were deposited in the laboratory of Molecular Ecology and Evolution of Insects of Nanjing Agricultural University. ...
The identification of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) species is problematic due to their small size and lack of distinct morphological characters. In this study, we combined morphological characters of the male genitalia and molecular methods using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene as a molecular marker to identify eight species from 16 geographic populations: T. evanescens Westwood, T. cacoeciae Marchal, T. ostriniae Pang et Chen, T. chilonis Ishii, T. japonicum Ashmead, T. brassicae Bezdenko, T. bilingensis He et Pang, and T. dendrolimi Matsumura. We developed a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method targeting the mitochondrial COI to distinguish the eight Trichogramma species using three restriction enzymes. We further analyzed 109 COI fragments from 18 Trichogramma species and found that the PCR-RFLP method could distinguish both intra- and inter-specific genetic variation among most of the species using four additional restriction enzymes.
... This municipality has sub-humid tropical climate, with temperatures ranging from 26 to 36°C and average rainfall ranging from 700 mm to 1,200 mm between December and May (Aguiar & Gomes, 2004). The species T. pretiosum was identified by morphological characteristics according to Querino & Zucchi (2003). ...
The objective of this work was to determine the biological parameters and thermal requirements of Trichogramma pretiosum TM strain reared on Helicoverpa armigera eggs. A card containing 20 eggs of H. armigera was offered for each T. pretiosum female, at temperatures of 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 30 and 32°C. All life stages of T. pretiosum were observed under the given temperature conditions. The optimum temperature for the parasitism of T. pretiosum was 25°C, and the highest longevity was found at the same temperature. The highest parasitoid emergence rates occurred at temperatures of 22, 25 and 28°C. The highest proportion of T. pretiosum individuals emerged per egg was observed at 18°C. Concerning the sex ratio, the highest proportion of females occurred at 28°C, and the highest percentage of parasitism viability was observed at this same temperature. The lowest thermal threshold for total preimaginal development and thermal requirements of T. pretiosum were 10.82°C and 134.55 degree-days, respectively. The estimated number of generations of T. pretiosum in the average temperatures of municipality of Bom Jesus, state of Piauí, Brazil is four per month.
... kuehniella). The species was identified by morphological characteristics according to (Querino & Zucchi, 2003). Table 1. ...
This project has an objective to study the biological parameters of Trichogramma pretiosum on eggs of H. armigera. The three strains of T. pretiosum were evaluated: TM, TMC and TLEM, from different places. The experimental establishing was completely randomizing with twenty repeats per treatment, being used by a female parasitoid by repetition and later on they were offered 20 H. armigera eggs. The experiment was kept on BOD cameras to 25 ± 2° C, UR 60 ± 10% and photo phase of 14 hours. Evaluating the following biological parameters: parasitism percentage, emergency percentage, number of adults emerged per egg, sex ratio, viability, and longevity and cycle duration. The parasitism percentage, viability and number of individuals per egg were higher for TM and TMC. The TMC strain presented a larger sex ratio proportion, not being different statistically from the TM stream. The longevity of the strain TM was different regarding the others. There was no variation regarding the cycle duration. Therefore, according with the evaluated biologic parameters, it is concluded that Trichogramma pretiosum strain TM obtained a better egg development of H. armigera on laboratory conditions. © 2017, Eduem - Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringa. All rights reserved.
... T. iracildae Querino and Zucchi, 2003 Tira-01 ...
... Complete ITS2 sequences have been deposited in GenBank ( Table 2). Trichogramma species were identified by (1) T. esalqueanum) sequenced here were recorded by Querino and Zucchi (2003). An identification key was constructed for these species using as two characters of the PCR product its size and the restriction patterns generation using the three restriction enzymes EcoRI, MseI and MaeI (Table 3). ...
ITS2 (Internal transcribed spacer 2) sequences have been used in systematic studies and proved to be useful in providing a reliable identification of Trichogramma species. DNAr sequences ranged in size from 379 to 632 bp. In eleven T. pretiosum lines Wolbachia-induced parthenogenesis was found for the first time. These thelytokous lines were collected in Peru (9), Colombia (1) and USA (1). A dichotomous key for species identification was built based on the size of the ITS2 PCR product and restriction analysis using three endonucleases (EcoRI, MseI and MaeI). This molecular technique was successfully used to distinguish among seventeen native/introduced Trichogramma species collected in South America.
... The molecular data represents a valuable alternative to the taxonomy of Trichogramma, since many failures in biological control programs with Trichogramma were due, in part, to the misidentification of species (Querino and Zucchi, 2003). Thus, this work aimed to identify and differentiate species of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner, T. pretiosum Riley, and T. galloi Zucchi using sequences of the ITS-2 region of ribosomal DNA. ...
The objective of this work was the identification and differentiation of Trichogramma exiguum Pinto and Platner species, T. pretiosum Riley, and T. galloi Zucchi using sequences of the ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. After extracting DNA from the studied species, a PCR reaction was performed, where the amplified samples were subjected to sequencing. The sequences obtained were submitted to a similarity search in GenBank (NCBI - National Center for Biotechnology Information) using the BLAST program, aiming to determine the similarity of these sequences with the species already deposited in the referenced database, and then multiple sequences were aligned using version 2.0 of the ClustalX program. According to the results of the multiple alignments of all sequences obtained, it was possible to observe the differences between the T. pretiosum, T. galloi and T. exiguum species. It was concluded that using the sequences of the ITS2 region of the ribosomal DNA was efficient in the differentiation of the studied Trichogramma species, which suggests a strong inter-specific variation among species.
... Because Trichogramma species are generally polyphagous, concerns exist about possible detrimental effects of inundative releases on non-target hosts (Oatman & Platner 1986;Andow et al. 1995;Orr et al. 2000). Trichogramma fuentesi has been observed in South and North America attacking eggs of agricultural pests primarily in the Noctuidae and Pyralidae families (Fry 1989;Wilson & Durant 1991;Pinto 1999;Querino & Zucchi 2003). However, little information is known about this parasitoid host range in non-agricultural habitats or on native species in northern Florida. ...
... Because Trichogramma species are generally polyphagous, concerns exist about possible detrimental effects of inundative releases on non-target hosts (Oatman & Platner 1986;Andow et al. 1995;Orr et al. 2000). Trichogramma fuentesi has been observed in South and North America attacking eggs of agricultural pests primarily in the Noctuidae and Pyralidae families (Fry 1989;Wilson & Durant 1991;Pinto 1999;Querino & Zucchi 2003). However, little information is known about this parasitoid host range in non-agricultural habitats or on native species in northern Florida. ...
Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a non-native moth attacking prickly pear cactus, Opuntia spp., in southeastern U.S. The insect is also an important threat to ecological systems and to native and endangered Opuntia spp. in southwestern USA. The egg parasitoid Trichogramma fuentesi Torre (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was discovered attacking wild C. cactorum in Florida. To evaluate the potential effect of inundative releases of T. fuentesi against C. cactorum, the host searching behavior of T. fuentesi on C. cactorum eggs and host suitability of selected lepidopteran eggs were studied in the laboratory. Host suitability was studied on the native blue cactus moth, Melitara prodenialis Walker, and 6 selected species of butterfly eggs [Danaus plexippus (L.), Dryas iulia (Hübner), Junonia coenia (Hübner), Papilio glaucus (L.), Papilio polyxenes (F.), and Vanessa cardui (L.)] to assess the potential for non-target effects from T. fuentesi. The proportion of parasitism of the native cactus moth (M. prodenialis) was 98%; significantly higher than the non-native cactus moth, C. cactorum (11% average parasitism rate). The high proportion of parasitism for all native non-target species tested and the lowest proportion of parasitism for the exotic target species suggested that T. fuentesi not be considered for inundative releases in a biological control approach against C. cactorum.
