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In the UK, legislation is limiting the disposal of gypsum therefore alternative applications are encouraged. Large quantities of red gypsum arise from the production of titanium dioxide and from waste plasterboard. Both red gypsum and plasterboard gypsum were investigated for use in trench backfill. Red gypsum comprised filter cake lumps with moist...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 75mm thick bed of 10mm size gravel was placed in the bottom of the trench. A 50mm diameter plastic pipe was placed in the bottom of the trench and 125mm of 10mm sized gravel was placed around the pipe as shown in Figure 8. The selected backfill was mixed and poured into the trench and leveled off with a shovel at the top of the trench. ...
Context 2
... the layers were compacted with a vibrating plate. Final layout of the construction is shown in Figure 8. Compaction of the layers were later compared with a standard pavement by using a Light Weight Deflectometer and deflection and elastic modulus were comparable, however, this is beyond the scope of this study. ...
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Citations
... Furthermore, gypsum is used for soil improvements and is used in agriculture as a soil conditioning agent [21]. Apart from that, RG is now being utilized as backfill material [22]. In this study, gypsum was sourced from a local manufacturer. ...
Large quantities of gypsum arise from the production of titanium dioxide and from construction waste plasterboard. Due to strict legislation, alternative applications for both gypsum are desperately required. Gypsum-based compounds have been shown to improve the electrical conductivity of materials. In this study, both red gypsum and plasterboard gypsum were investigated for the use as grounding enhancement backfill material. The current investigation undertaken aimed to develop gypsum-based grounding enhancement material that has low resistivity. Tests included determination of geotechnical properties, plasticity characteristics and the electrical resistivity corresponding to different state and water content. Test results showed that, the geotechnical properties of RG vary to that of white gypsum. RG is classified as extremely high plastic whereas gypsum is classified as high plastic. The plasticity index (PI) of RG was found to be 240% greater due to surplus Fe ions. When mixed with water, both material can exist in four different state, ranging from solid, semi-solid, plastic and liquid. Surprisingly, the electrical resistivity of gypsum is lower under wet conditions irrespective of the state. However for long-term and from practical perspective, RG is a better material for grounding purposes as the plasticity of gypsum was found to be short lived and hardened instantaneously due to exothermic reaction. Once hardened, the gypsum resistivity behaviour behave similar to its dry state redundancy.
... Furthermore, gypsum is used for soil improvements and is used in agriculture as a soil conditioning agent [6]. Apart from that, gypsum is now being utilized as backfill material [7]. Alternatively, Red Gypsum (RG) is a waste material derived from the production of Titanium Dioxide (TiO). ...
Natural occurring gypsum is a soft mineral consists of hydrated calcium sulphate, mainly used in cement industry. On the other hand, red gypsum (RG) is a waste generated from a sulphate process of ilmenite ore to acquire titanium dioxide. Due to the gypsum content in both materials are similar, it is expected that both gypsum type can be used for similar engineering applications. In this study, RG was tested and compared to pure gypsum for geoelectrical grounding applications. The geotechnical properties and plasticity characteristics were carefully measured and tested. In addition, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) was employed to study the chemical constituents of the materials. Test results showed that, the geotechnical properties of RG is different to that of white gypsum. The plasticity index (PI) of RG was 239.6% greater due to the presence of Fe ions. Surprisingly, the electrical resistivity of both material were found to be similar. It was also noted that, although the plasticity of pure gypsum is high, the plasticity of pure gypsum was found to be short lived primarily due to instantaneous exothermic reaction between water and semi-hydrated gypsum. The change in the plasticity also affected the resistivity as gypsum hardened after short duration. Based on the geotechnical and plasticity characteristics determined, RG was found to be a better as grounding material as compared to gypsum.
