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Trend and History of Fuel Price changes in Nigeria.
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Hike in Pump Price: Major Doom to Nigerian Forest
Abstract: Oil products are derived from crude oil and they include petrol, diesel, kerosene, natural gas, bitumen. Oil was discovered in Nigeria in 1956 at Oloibiri in the present Bayelsa State, after a century of searching. Over the years, there has been variation in the price of oil products in N...
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Context 1
... these are the ripple effect of price instability as a result of inflation and because of predominant position of oil products on the Nigerian economy, anything that affects it such as the instability in the prices of oil products will affect the economy as whole. Till date Nigeria government has no control price for petrol, the price ranges from 145 to 300 in November 2017 to the new year 2018 and from February 2018 till date petroleum price ranges between 145 to 180 ( Table 1). Average price paid by consumers for premium motor spirit (petrol) increased by 35.7% year-on-year and 1.35% month-on-month to N148.7 in January 2017 from N146. ...Citations
... On average, 100 parts of wood yields 25 parts charcoal by weight or 60 parts charcoal by volume. Recently, due to economic hardship, poverty, unemployment and an increment in pump prices in Nigeria, people have had to find another means of making a living in respect to energy [22,32]. ...
Nigeria has the potential to generate 12,522 MW of electricity, but can only dispatch 4000 MW, which is insufficient for a population of over 200 million people as of 2022. Therefore, Nigerians use solid fuels including firewood and charcoal as an alternative to insufficient electricity for domestic use. The consumption of firewood and charcoal in Nigeria is estimated at 23,745,458 tons and 4,828,689 tons, respectively in 2021, by far the most consumed domestic solid fuel sources in Nigeria. Although there are domestic solid fuel alternatives, such as dung, agricultural residues and coal, to firewood and wood charcoal, their sustainable adoption has been slow in Nigeria, indicating that there is insufficient knowledge of domestic solid fuel sources. This requires a review focused on assessing Nigeria’s national sources of solid fuels. This article presents an overview of the sources of domestic solid fuels in Nigeria, an exploration of different types of firewood and charcoal studies, the impact of solid fuels on climate change and the environment, health risks associated with solid fuel and biomass briquettes and pellets as domestic solid fuel alternatives to charcoal and firewood. The continued production and use of firewood and wood charcoal as domestic solid fuel sources encourage deforestation, desertification and greenhouse gas emission, which in turn pose a threat to a sustainable environment and good health. It is necessary to limit the felling of trees for firewood and charcoal production to curtail their negative impacts on the health of users and the environment. This review covered the thermal, mechanical and physical properties of briquette and pellet fuels as substitutions for firewood and charcoal. It was shown that employing briquettes and pellets as a source of solid fuel in the home will lessen the negative impacts that these fuels have on users’ health, the climate and the environment.
... Averagely 100 parts of wood produces approximately 60 parts by volume or 25 parts by weight of charcoal. Recently, as a result of economic hardship, poverty, unemployment and increment in pump-price in Nigeria, people had to find another means of making a living in respect of domestic cooking energy [5,6]. During the colonial periods, large number of people used firewood as domestic energy fuel but after the colonial era; there was a change in status quo as people embarked more on the use of electricity, fossil fuels such as kerosene and gas as cooking energy [7] Presently, millions of households in Nigeria use charcoal as domestic and outdoor recreational cooking energy due to epileptic power supply, scarcity and increase in the price of oil and gas [7]. ...
Half of the world's population, and up to 95 percent in poor countries, rely on solid fuel including biomass fuel and charcoal to meet their energy needs. Fuel wood and charcoal are by far the most heavily consumed energy sources in Nigeria, rural dwellers who are the custodians of forests resources depend solely on it for livelihood and increase in demand for charcoal. Nigeria ranked the highest producer of charcoal in Africa and second in the world and the production trend of charcoal in Nigeria has over the years shown a steady increase yet Nigeria is not among the world leading nations in the exporting of charcoal which means the nation consumes a larger percentage of its annual produce locally. The continuous production is promotional to continuous deforestation and desertification which in-turns are a threat to sustainable environment. Thus the uses of forest trees for charcoal production still represent a threat to the future of the resources in local terms, especially in certain situations with high demand. With adequate forest management, supervision and control practices, however, the growth of charcoal use will no longer have serious impact on forested areas that supply consumption centers. Also, if measures are introduced to improve the supply of raw materials for charcoal production (through tree planting initiatives and participatory forest management), unsustainable production would gradually be replaced by regulated production on a sustainable basis.
This paper for the first time estimates the scale of subsidizing the Russian population through low prices for the energy sector products (1.76 trillion rubles, or 1.3% of Russian GDP in 2021). The need to reform the existing subsidy system is justified due to a number of its defects (appropriation of most of the subsidies by the wealthiest population, significant costs of business to maintain low prices for energy products, reduction of incentives for energy saving and transition to green technologies among consumers of the energy sector products). The phenomenon of an implicit “social contract”, in which the state maintains prices for socially important goods and services at a level acceptable for the population in exchange for the loyalty of citizens, is discussed in detail. The paper analyzes alternative options for reforming energy subsidies for the population. The conclusion is made that the most reasonable reform would be one providing for zeroing of subsidies with the use of part of the released budget resources to increase socially oriented government spending (targeted social payments are considered to be the basiс form of such spending). The proposed subsidy reform scheme is interpreted as a change in the social contract model that is acceptable to the public, namely, a shift from the “low prices of socially important goods — low socially important state expenditure” model to the “high prices of socially important goods — high socially important state expenditure” model.
Generating, converting, harvesting and storing energy are crucial parts of society. This work aims to design and construct a piezoelectric generator that harvests energy from pressure to produce an output voltage capable of charging and powering low-energy electronic devices such as mobile phones and 5 V light bulbs. Proteus 8.0 professional software is used to simulate the circuit for construction. A piezoelectric disc transducer, which is the principal component, was used in the construction. The result shows a voltage of 5–12 V capable of powering low-voltage electronic devices. Amidst the constant instability in electric power systems in Nigeria, those in rural areas have little or no electricity access. Electronic and communication devices are necessary to connect community members to those outside their communities and the world wide web for global information. Children and youths require lighting facilities at school and home for further studies. The design will provide an alternative for energy supply to areas with little or no access to electricity.
The issue of climate change is receiving so much global attention because of the projected impacts on the environment and socio environmental challenges faced by man. anthropogenic activities on Agudu according to their activities of interest collected with structured questionnaire show that almost all (98%) the respondents purposes including farming (30% (8%) and to collect herbs (4% livelihood dependent on the forest. also provides the community with fuelwood, timber, poles, traditional medicine improvement of soil fertility. The reason for encroachment basic needs of the communities in order to sustain life. It is, therefore, government of Nasarawa state should of the community, and also embark on effective claim the forest area.
