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... it is a suitable ornamental tree for roadside landscaping and urbanization areas, with benefits birds and frugivorous wildlife (Suhonen et al., 2017). In addition to these, it is also of great ornamental importance with its aesthetic crown structure, attractive white flowers, bright red colored mature fruits, leaves that turn red in autumn ( Figure 5). ...
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L’artista neerlandès, poeta, tipògraf i fotògraf Theo van Doesburg mantingué una relació epistolar amb el poeta Joan Salvat-Papasseit entre els anys 1919 i 1921 fruit de la qual fou un article del poeta dins la revista holandesa Het Getij, fins ara desconegut a la seva bibliografia. Per altra banda mantingué relació d’amistat i epistolar amb el mar...
Citations
... Meyve türlerinin insan yaşamındaki tarihsel önemi, sadece beslenme ve sağlık faktörleri açısından değil, ayrıca yerleşik hayata geçiş ve evcilleşme süreçlerine de katkıda bulunan faktörlerden biri olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır (Goldschmidt, 2013;Fuller ve Stevens, 2019;Şahin, 2020;Şahin, 2021). Yüzyılın ortasında 9,7 milyar kişiye ulaşması beklenen nüfus artışı nedeniyle gıda talebini karşılamak için, taze meyve ve sebzelerin tarımsal üretiminin önemli ölçüde artması gerekmektedir (UN, 2022;Miranda vd., 2023). ...
... In addition, the species of the genus Pyrus can also be used for ornamental purposes, for example, in parks and various green spaces and landscapes [18][19][20]. Trees contribute to enhancing the landscape, eliminate monotony in flatness and color, mask city noise, lower air pollution, support a variety of living organisms, promote and maintain biodiversity, provide a variety of rest and relaxation possibilities, and lessen the negative effects on humans' psychological well-being [21][22][23][24]. ...
Pear is one of the most important fruit species grown in the temperate zones of the globe. Besides fruit production, pear species are highly valued in forestry and agroforestry systems; in landscaping, as ornamental features; as fruits of ecological value, and in other areas. The Pyrus species, obtained from a gene bank, were evaluated for the different morphological traits of the trees, leaves, flowers, and fruits, as well as their responses to attacks from principal diseases and pests. Phenotypic data were examined using correlation and multivariate analyses, and a dendrogram of morphological traits was completed via molecular investigations at the DNA level using the RAPD markers. The findings revealed the complexities of the phenotypic and genetic connections among Pyrus species, as well as the difficulty in establishing phylogenetic relationships among pear species. The findings also demonstrated that the wide variability between species with different geographical origins, and their multiple peculiarities of interest, represents a cornerstone as the source of genes of great utility for pear breeding or for utilizing trees for different edible crops and for silvocultural, landscape, or ecological purposes.
... As cities become overcrowded, green spaces per capita are far more needed. Therefore, a return to nature is inevitable, and urban gardens, designed with edible ornamental and fruit species, recently forged "ornamental fruits" (Sahin, 2020), are a growing trend. Constantly exposed to a high intensity of noise, gases, surrounded by concrete and enclosed spaces, citizens strive to incorporate a part of nature into their everyday living space. ...
The chapter theoretically and through prominent examples
discusses the role of aesthetics in the process of landscape design and
the relationship between landscape and aesthetics in order to emphasise
the importance of ecological aesthetics, more precisely landscape
sustainability.
Link: https://iksadyayinevi.com/home/sustainable-practices-in-horticulture-and-landscape-architecture/
With the significant increase in population in cities, the necessity of growing safe and functional food is of great importance.
Pomegranate fruit has many valuable antioxidant properties. The subject of study was the pomegranate from the continental region
(Sremski Karlovci, Serbia) and the Mediterranean region (Bar, Montenegro). We compared biochemically active compounds in genotypes from both locations. The analysis performed included total phenolics, tannins, flavonoid contents, proanthocyanidins, pigments chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, as well as carotenoids. Analysis of vitamin C, titratable acidity, pH value, and total sugars were also performed. Two antioxidant tests were also conducted, including DPPH and ABTS tests. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that pomegranate grown in nonprimary conditions, such as in the continental area in Serbia, had a significantly higher amount of biochemically active compounds than the pomegranate grown in the Mediterranean urban region. It was found that the content of total phenols is significantly higher in all continental pomegranate genotypes, through all three phases, implying the adaptation of this species to continental conditions. The value of these active compounds through the second and third phases of fruit ripening is especially emphasized (ME047-1.18 mg gae/g fw; CO170-8.46 mg gae/g fw). Antioxidant tests also indicate the great potential of examined fruits, especially through the first and third stages of fruit ripening, where continental samples reached a value of 99.36 mg teac/g fw, while Mediterranean ones reached 51.84 mg teac/g fw for the ABTS assay. The proanthocyanidins content was also emphasized in continental varieties where it reached a value of CO170 (12.13 mg ce/g fw) in the third stage of ripening, while in the Mediterranean varieties the maximum was reached in the ME029 genotype (4.36 mg ce/g fw). Such results indicate the importance of growing fruit species that are adapted to urban conditions and that have been proven useful when it comes to the impact on human health in urban areas.
Animal models form the foundation for preclinical biomedical research and will certainly do so, seeing as their life span, albeit, brief, unmistakably mimics that of humans – and further affirms the universality of the aging process. When it comes to animal models for aging research it is important to note that some organisms, such as mice, age diametrically than humans. It is also paramount to note that no single animal model is perfect; therefore, it is prudent to utilise data from both conventional and non-conventional model systems, provided the results are not skewed. The best approach to picking animal models for aging and age-related research is the multifaceted approach, which involves the use of different models. The use of model animals in aging research is risky in light of the fact that our capacity to extrapolate across the tree of life is not clear. On one hand, there are moderated pathways that direct life expectancy in creatures, including yeast, nematodes, natural product flies, and mice. On the other hand, many
middle taxa across the tree of life seem not to age by any means, and there is considerable variety in aging mechanisms and patterns – once in a while, even between firmly related species. There are multitude of evidence that show that active behaviours performed by animals daily may have short-term and, sometimes, long-term physiological cost, causing an increase in oxidative stress, DNA damage, and, in some instances, reducing survivability. Quantification of physical activity (such as reproductive events, migration) and measurement of its resulting physiological costs (such as immune-compromisation, production of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and distortion of physiological homeostasis) is important in studying the physiology of aging. Understanding the peculiarities of very slow-aging and long-lived creatures, as well as broad comparison trends, will be critical. Aging appears to be significantly influenced by evolutionary history, ecological context, and the habitat in which an organism lives, therefore findings must be evaluated with caution and always in a comparative context.
Only by continuing to apply a multi-pronged strategy that includes standard lab models,
uncommon lab models, wild animals, and comparative physiological and demographic data will the mysteries of aging be unraveled.
Bitkilerin bazı fiziksel özellikleri kullanılarak kırsal alanlarda meyve veya sebze yetiştirmek
amacıyla kurulan bahçelerin, çevrelenerek sınırlanması amacıyla kullanılması, tarih boyunca
yaygın görülen uygulamadır. Çit bitkisi olarak tanımlanan bu bitkiler, bahçe sınırında
oluşturdukları setle, davetsiz misafirlerin girişini de engeller. Bahçe kurma geleneğinin eski
yıllara dayandığı Anadolu’da, çit bitkisi olarak kullanılan türlerden biri de Kuş iğdesi
(Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) bitkisidir. Kuş iğdesi; çit bitkisi yanında rüzgâr kıran olarak,
tarlaların, evlerin ve meyve bahçelerinin etrafındaki rüzgâr akımını azaltmak ve mikro klima
oluşturmak için şerit halinde kavak ağaçları ile birlikte veya yalnız dikimi erken dönem tarımsal
yerleşime dayanan uzun bir geçmişe dayanmaktadır. 20. yüzyıla kadar iğde ağacının dikiminin
ana odak noktası bitkinin rüzgâr kıran özelliği olmuştur. Ancak, günümüzde Kuş iğdesi
ağacının dikim nedenleri arasında ekosistem ve çevreye verdiği hizmetler ön plana çıkmaya
başlamıştır. İğde ağacının ekosistem hizmetleri içinde; toprak ıslah ve koruması, rüzgâr
perdelemesi, su havzası stabilizasyonu, kuraklığa dayanıklılık, karbon depoma, görsel açıdan
kullanım, dikkat çekici kokusu, biyolojik çeşitlilik ve yaban hayatına katkısı gibi hizmetler
bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada kuş iğdesi bitkisinin genel özellikleri ve bu özelliklerinin peyzaj
düzenleme çalışmalarında kullanılma esasları üzerinde durulmuştur.
Abstract: Some plants are common practice to surround the gardens established for the purpose of
growing fruit or vegetable by using the physical characteristics of the plants. These plants,
which are defined as hedge plants, also prevent the entrance of intruders with the set they form
on the garden border. In Anatolia, where the tradition of setting up a garden dates back to
ancient times, one of the species used as a hedge plant is the Russian olive (Elaeagnus
angustifolia L.) plant. The planting of the Russian olive has a long history dating back to early
agricultural settlement, as a windbreaker, planting with or without bands of poplar trees to
reduce wind current and create microclimate around fields, houses and orchards. Until the 20th
century, the main focus of planting the Russian olive was the windbreaking property of the
plant. However, today, the ecosystem and the services it provides to the environment have
begun to come to the fore among the reasons for planting the Russian olive tree. Within the
ecosystem services of the Russian olive tree; There are services such as soil improvement and
protection, water basin stabilization, drought resistance, carbon storage, visual use, remarkable
odor, biodiversity and contribution to wildlife. In this study, the general characteristics of the
bird watercress plant and the principles of its use in landscaping studies were emphasized.
Responding to the developmental challenges, as well as to the global societal and environmental urge, urban horticultural production, especially neglected fruit production can add value to the urban greenery and its ecosystem services, increasing individual gardening or community involvement, encouraging small and medium-sized allotment gardening. Albeit numerous tropical, sub-Mediterranean and ‘wild’ temperate fruit species can be applied for indoor and outdoor fruit gardening, the paper focuses on main temperate fruit species, with traditionally large canopies, grown in conventional orchards whose alterations enabled varieties and forms that completely fit urban constraints and demands. Urban gardening with analyzed species of a specific habitus or performances will allow horizontal and vertical, permanent or temporary, stationary or mobile greening, which influences climate change adaptation and mitigation, human involvement, socialization, food supply, harm reduction and environment conservation. Paper surveys numerous nature-based solutions that enable safe, successful and sustainable urban fruit production – species, selections and varieties with naturally inherited resistance/tolerance to most important disease causing agents and pests, and biopesticides that can be applied outwardly. Owing to the proposed ‘ornafruits’ urban growing, horticulturalization should contribute to re-naturing not only 21st century cities but re-naturing citizens as well. Combining presented possibilities for fruit growing expansion horticulturalization should have the problem-solving orientation towards greening the economy (increased independent healthy food production) and economizing the greenery (added value to the urban greenery), while ‘sustainability’ should finally convert from daily language expression to the daily routine of living.
