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Treatment approach for primary prevention patients
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Context 1
... To determine who to treat, pharmacists first need to assess a patient's cardiovascular risk. Patient risk may be divided into 2 categories: primary cardiovascular prevention (Figure 1) and those with statinindicated conditions, which automatically confer a higher risk of CVD (Figure 2). For primary prevention patients, pharmacists should estimate a patient's long-term cardiovascular risk using a validated risk calculator (e.g., Framingham Risk Score: https://ccs.ca/app/uploads/2020/12/FRS_eng_2017_fnl1.pdf). ...
Context 2
... can play an active role in identifying these patients to help initiate statin therapy. (Figure 1): i. High-cardiovascular-risk patients (10-year FRS ≥20%): statin therapy recommended in all patients ii. Intermediate-cardiovascular-risk patients (10-year FRS of 10%-19.9%): ...
Context 3
... LDL-C ≥3.5 mmol/L, or non-HDL-C ≥4.2 mmol/L, or ApoB ≥1.05 g/L or | | Other groups include patients fulfilling the HOPE-3 trial 15 criteria or patients who present with specific risk modifiers (new recommendation in the guidelines), as detailed in Figure 1 iii. Low-cardiovascular-risk patients (10-year FRS of <10%): statin therapy generally not recommended for most low-risk individuals; however, exceptions for low-risk patient groups who may benefit from statin therapy are detailed in Figure 1 b. ...
Context 4
... LDL-C ≥3.5 mmol/L, or non-HDL-C ≥4.2 mmol/L, or ApoB ≥1.05 g/L or | | Other groups include patients fulfilling the HOPE-3 trial 15 criteria or patients who present with specific risk modifiers (new recommendation in the guidelines), as detailed in Figure 1 iii. Low-cardiovascular-risk patients (10-year FRS of <10%): statin therapy generally not recommended for most low-risk individuals; however, exceptions for low-risk patient groups who may benefit from statin therapy are detailed in Figure 1 b. Patients with statin-indicated conditions (Figure 2): statin therapy recommended in all patients. ...
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Dyslipidemia, characterized by abnormal lipid levels in the bloodstream, is a very common and underappreciated chronic disease associated with a significant cardiovascular disease burden. The management landscape for dyslipidemia has historically been static, with a sparse selection of therapeutic options. This article presents a comprehensive review of contemporary approaches to dyslipidemia management, focusing on therapeutic strategies and emerging interventions. We delineate the most current American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology & Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines and examine pivotal clinical trials that are shaping the contemporary approach to dyslipidemia management.
... 7,8 Patients at risk for cardiovascular disease will have to consider a wide range of health behaviour modifications. 9 Lifestyle changes such as moderate to vigorous exercise and limiting fat intake are critical to the management of obesity. 10 As a measure to quantify the extent a country embraces self-care principles and practices, Canada was attributed a Self-Care Readiness Index score of 2.77 by the Global Self-Care Federation in 2022, putting it fifth out of ten countries. ...
This manuscript offers a glimpse into the Canadian healthcare system, emphasizing the prevalence and management of minor ailments through self-care practices. The first section outlines the strengths and challenges of the healthcare system, including access issues and escalating costs. The second section explores self-care in Canada, outlines the Self-Care Readiness Index, and Canadians' proactive management of common conditions through self-care activities, including the use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines. Consumer behaviors, preferences, and the thriving OTC market are discussed. It also discusses existing programs and initiatives encouraging self-care. While lacking a coordinated national strategy, various organizations, including Health Canada, have taken steps to regulate and promote self-care products. The role of pharmacies, industry groups, and public health campaigns in fostering self-care is explored, along with public access to OTC medicines, Rx-to-OTC switching, and consumer expectations related to such medicines. Factors influencing self-care and self-medication are explored, focusing on access to medical care, public perceptions of OTC medicines, and the public's ability to engage in appropriate actions. The crucial role of pharmacists in minor ailment care is examined. Insights are provided into Canada's healthcare landscape, emphasizing the significance of self-care in managing minor ailments. The public has access to many resources on how to engage in self-care and deal with minor ailments, but a formal system to promote them is lacking. The findings prompt considerations for future healthcare policies and public health campaigns, highlighting the evolving nature of healthcare practices in the nation.
