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Transverse section of the abdominal cavity on CT-scan, without contrast. A large amount of free abdominal fluid is present. The arrows indicate the retroperitoneal space, which has a striated appearance, indicative of free fluid
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Background:
Lymphatic vascular malformations are rare findings in canine patients with six reports available in veterinary literature. Retroperitoneal cystic lymphatic malformations have not been described previously in canine patients and neither has the use of immunohistochemistry to determine their origin, i.e. vascular versus lymphatic.
Case...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) contrast-enhanced scan was performed. In the thoracic cavity mild atelectasis of no clinical significance was found, while in the abdomen a large volume of echogenic peritoneal fluid, with no contrast enhancement was found (Fig. 1). On the left side of the bladder, within pockets of ascites, a focal region of contrast-enhancing striated material was identified, adjacent to the descending colon, left femoral artery, uterine stump and left aspect of the bladder (Fig. 2). A single, small (2.5 mm diameter) soft tissue attenuating nodule was identified adjacent to the ...
Citations
... Incidence rate of lymphangioma in man is 1.2-2.8 per 100.000, and more than 50% and 90% are diagnosed at birth and 2-year-old children, respectively [4] . However, in animal species, this malformation is substantially less evaluated with reference to incidence, morphological features and treatment [5][6][7][8][9] . ...
A 20-day-old, Simmental male calf showed a subcutan mass locating left side of chin, buccal and neck regions. The mass covering the 70% of left side of the face consisted of cystic structures under the skin. It was surgically excised and no recurrence occurred three
months after the excision. The cut surfaces of mass were measured by 20×15×8 cm in size. Histologically, the mass was diagnosed as cavernous lymphangioma which composed of thin-walled cystically dilated spaces which were lined with one or rarely more layers
of flat endothelial cells. Mitotic figures were not present. The channels did not contain red blood cells in contrast to, endothelial cells lining adjacent blood vessels. The endothelial cells of cystic dilated spaces gave positive cytoplasmic immunoreaction forpodoplanin.
In conclusion, this report presents clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical features and surgical treatment of cervicofacial lymphangioma in a calf.
A 9-month-old, female Pomeranian dog presented with vomiting and lethargy. Ultrasonography revealed multilobulated anechoic round shape structures at the ovarian and uterine locations. Through computed tomography scan, an extensive non-contrast multilobulated fluid-filled mass suspected of originating from the walls of the ovary, uterus, urinary bladder and rectum was observed. Ovariohysterectomy and urinary bladder biopsy were performed. Histopathological examination revealed numerous cystic lesions lined by plump cuboidal cells believed to be of epithelial origin. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the cyst-like lesions lining cells were strongly positive for lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1. Based on these results, lesions were identified as generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA), in which lymphangiomas develop in multiple organs. After 6 months follow-up, the size of the cysts remaining in the region of the bladder did not undergo much change. GLA should be included in the differential diagnosis when multiple cystic lesions are interspersed in multiple organs.
The lymphatic vascular system is crucial for the regulation of tissue fluid homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and immune function. Cardiac injury quickly leads to myocardial edema, cardiac lymphatic dysfunction, which ultimately results in myocardial fluid imbalance and cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, lymphangiogenesis-targeted therapy may improve the recovery of myocardial function post cardiac ischemia as observed in myocardial infarction (MI). Indeed, a promising strategy for the clinical treatment of MI relies on vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-targeted therapy, which promotes lymphangiogenesis. However, much effort is needed to identify the mechanisms of lymphatic transport in response to heart disease. This article reviews regulatory factors of lymphangiogenesis, and discusses the effects of lymphangiogenesis on cardiac function after cardiac injury and its regulatory mechanisms. The involvement of stem cells on lymphangiogenesis was also discussed as stem cells could differentiate into lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and stimulate phenotype of LECs.
A 7-month-old cat presented with recurrent bleeding from the plantar region of the left hind limb. Histopathological examination of a punch biopsy sample suggested the lesion was a vascular malformation. After the punch biopsy, bleeding from the biopsy site did not stop; therefore, electrocautery was performed. Although the amount of bleeding decreased, it continued to recur. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed on the 30th day after the first visit revealed angiogenesis and vasodilation around the affected area. On the 37th day, the fourth and fifth fingers were amputated to relieve the bleeding. A diagnosis of dermal lymphatic malformation was made based on immunohistochemical examination of the amputated tissue. Histopathological margins were secured, but a gross examination performed 1 month after surgery revealed some small cysts on the skin surface, suggesting that complete resection may not have been achieved. Nevertheless, the bleeding stopped 20 months after the surgery, and the cat had no trouble in returning to daily living activities. We herein discuss the diagnosis and treatment of this rare case of dermal lymphatic malformation in a cat.
An 8‐month‐old neutered male border collie mix was presented for abdominal distension, lethargy and vomiting. Computed tomography revealed a large, lobulated, fluid‐filled cystic mass within the abdomen. Following subtotal surgical resection and histopathology, a diagnosis of lymphangioma (lymphatic malformation) was made. Five months postoperatively, a recurrence of the lymphatic malformation was diagnosed. Multimodal therapy was instituted consisting of subtotal surgical resection, electrochemotherapy, sclerotherapy and radiation therapy. Ten months postoperatively and 7‐month post‐radiation therapy, the dog remained without recurrence of clinical signs, and the lymphatic malformation was reduced in size. The combination of surgical resection, electrochemotherapy, sclerotherapy and radiation therapy seemed to be safe therapeutic options for abdominal lymphangiomas and may aid in medium‐term disease control.
