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Strip cast samples with different copper content have been developed by simulated direct strip casting. The as-cast microstructures were characterized by optical microscopy and electron microscopy. The microstructures mainly consisted of polygonal ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite in as cast condition. X-ray diffraction showed that the copper was i...
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... examination was done on specimens in as-cast, cold rolled and annealed conditions. Since the microstructure of the cold rolled and annealed specimens depends on the plane of the examination, the thickness direction was used for metallography as shown in figure 5. Specimens for optical microscopy were cut, mounted, ground, polished to eliminate the cracks and washed with ethanol followed by ultrasonic agitation for 5 min. ...Similar publications
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Citations
... Copper is an essential residual element in scrap steel because it is difficult to remove in steelmaking [98]. Copper, which causes hot brittleness at high temperatures, is considered a harmful element in steel. ...
... TRC process shows potential advantages in the recovery of scrap steel, because the high cooling rate can eliminate or reduce the harm of impurities and residual elements. Sellamuthu et al. [98] conducted a study on the copper-bearing steels by using the dip tester. They found copper solid-soluted in the as-cast strip but precipitated after annealing ( Figure 18). ...
... Color online) Copper-bearing steel produced by dip tester for simulation of TRC[98]. (a) XRD patterns in the as-cast condition; (b) XRD patterns in the annealed condition; (c) TEM and EDS mapping of Cu precipitates. ...
Metallic materials have historic and served as critical enablers of human progress, wealth, and wellbeing over millennia. Recently, the global demand for the development of environment-friendly and energy-saving technology has been increasing, with the aim to support the sustainability of metallic materials. Twin-roll strip casting (TRC) is one of the most cutting-edge technologies and a near-net-shape manufacturing method in the steel industry, which conforms to the green fabrication trend of next-generation high-performance metallic materials. By utilizing the dominant characteristics of sub-rapid solidification, and integration of solidification, solid-state transformation, and deformation; TRC has become a meaningful way to deal with the most challenging issues in the processing of metallic materials, and made a significant contribution to materials manufacturing. Hence, we review the TRC process of various metallic materials, including plain carbon steels, stainless steels, Fe-Si electrical steels, high-strength steels, clad steels, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, metallic glasses, and so on This paper offers an outlook of future opportunities for various advanced metallic materials development through the TRC process, and inspires more in-depth research.
Low- and high-Cu high-strength steels are designed and cast through strip and ingot casting. The results show that the Cu suppresses the formation of polygonal ferrite (PF) and intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF), but promotes the formation of granular bainite (GB) and bainite ferrite (BF). The microstructure is refined by the high cooling rate as indicated by the smaller width and length of acicular or lath ferrites for the strip casts. For the high-Cu strip cast, most Cu is retained in solid solution above equilibrium concentration due to the rapid secondary cooling rate. And the rest of Cu is found in the form of Cu-bearing precipitates, i.e., duplex sulfide-oxide particle, shell-like sulfide, and Cu-rich precipitate. However, only duplex sulfide-oxide particle can be found in the low-Cu strip cast. Most of Mn is captured between the dendrites because of the rapid solidification, leading to an evident Mn microsegregation in the interdendritic region of the strip casts. It is found that the number density of nano-scale precipitates in both two strip casts is much lower than in ingot casts, which can be attributed to the incomplete precipitation caused by the rapid secondary cooling rate during strip casting. For either the low- or high-Cu high-strength steels, a higher tensile strength of the strip casts than the ingot casts results from solution strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and fine-grain strengthening. It is noted that the increasing of Cu content from 0.01 to 0.52 wt pct reduces the strength and total elongation of the ingot or strip casts, because the predominant microstructure of IAF turns into BF.Graphical Abstract
