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Transverse section at cervical level of the spinal cord. 1-7: positions of the motoneuron groups. 1. Posteromedial; 2. Anteromedial; 3. Anterior; 4. Central; 5. Anterolateral; 6. Posterolateral; 7. Retroposterolateral. A-E: Medial-lateral direction of the neuronal groups in relation to the innervated muscles. A. Trunk; B. Shoulder; C. Arm, D. Forearm; E. Hand. The flexor muscles (FL) are in a dorsal position, the extensor muscles (EX) are in a ventral position, (SG) substantia gelatinosa. Figure modified from: Carpenter MB: Human Neuroanatomy, seventh edition. The Williams & Wilkins Company. Baltimore 1976.
Source publication
For the benefit of medical students, in this paper we examine the somatotopic organization of the spinal cord, which shows a similar organization in mammalians. The dorsal horn is comprised of sensory nuclei with deutoneurons; the lateral horn contains preganglionic visceral motoneurons; the ventral horn is subdivided into a medial column innervati...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... ventral horn [2,3] of the gray mat- ter presents lengthened motoneuron groups, extending over several spinal cord segments, and is arranged into three columns ( Figure 1). The projection of motoneuron axons to specific muscles and their action are correlated with their anatomical position. ...
Citations
... The prevailing subject fields of manuscripts published in our journal from 2014 to 2016 were: plastic surgery (both oncologic and reconstructive fields), general surgery, legal medicine and occupational hygiene and safety, otolaryngology, pharmacology, physiology and osteoarticular and rehabilitative issues . Additionally, public health obviously continues to be a theme of primary interest to the members of the Editorial Board, just like pediatric and anatomic issues [66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. Finally, over the past three years, the EMBJ has also dealt with issues of interest to the fields of radiology, nephrology and thoracic surgery [75][76][77][78][79]. ...
In January 2006, a new journal, Capsula Eburnea, was born into the Italian scientific publishing scene
with the initial goal of creating, at the same time, “an open scientific forum and a blog”, based on the
premise that “in medicine, nothing should be considered stable, immutable or unsusceptible to critical
review at any time, by any scientist”. The Editorial Team progressively sought to improve the quality of
the manuscripts published, introducing the requirement for all articles to be written in English, and
changed the Journal’s name to EuroMediterranean Biomedical Journal in 2012. Over the last five years,
approximately 125 articles by young doctors (including original articles, reviews, commentaries, notes,
and abstract books) have been published. The editorial board are confident that the new publishing layout
and the renewed web-portal of the journal, introduced in this editorial, represent an essential upgrade after
over 10 years of editorial activity, and that these improvements will be appreciated by our authors and,
especially, our readers.
Electrophysiological neurodiagnostic tests of nerve conduction (NC) are key assays included in preclinical safety and toxicology programs to assess the peripheral neuropathy (PN) liability of a new drug. Despite their increased use, standardization of nerve conduction studies (NCS) is lacking in the preclinical space, with limited regulatory guidelines stipulating type and number of nerves or minimum combinations appropriate for each stage of drug development or indication. Detection of subtle peripheral toxicities depends on choosing appropriate nerve targets for testing, especially when functional changes remain above the lower limit of normal values. To support robust preclinical toxicology study designs, the current short communication provides options and recommendations for selecting peripheral nerves for clinically translatable nerve conduction batteries applicable to toxicology and gene therapy, with a focus on clinically translatable primate models. A comprehensive compilation of accessible nerve locations is offered including lower and upper extremity motor nerves, and sensory nerves with origin at multiple DRG levels. Rankings of technique difficulty and repeatability across serial collections are presented for each assay informed by serial nerve conduction from 500 adult primates. The goal of this communication is to support the standardization and preclinical implementation of this important assay.
