Figure 3 - uploaded by Kees Jan Roodbergen
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Seaside operations are considered the bottleneck operation in most container terminals around the world. This paper presents an in-depth updated overview of the seaside operations at container terminals and highlights current trends and developments. We review and classify scientific journal papers on container terminal seaside operations, publishe...
Context in source publication
Similar publications
Internal transport operations connect the seaside, yard side, and landside processes at container terminals. This paper presents an in-depth overview of transport operations and the material handling equipment used, highlights current industry trends and developments, and proposes a new classification scheme for transport operations and scientific...
Inbound and outbound containers are temporarily stored in the storage yard at container terminals. A combination of container demand increase and storage yard capacity scarcity create complex operational challenges for storage yard managers. This paper presents an in-depth overview of storage yard operations, including the material handling equipme...
Currently, the pleating technique is favored by famous fashion houses in the world and Vietnam because of its beauty and sophistication. This study aims to study pleating techniques, testing papers, and several polyester fabrics to form pleats under paper mold pressing by the manual heat-pressing method with three types of heat-pressed equipment su...
The potentials of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to further optimise not only the design of bulk materials handling equipment but also to vastly improve the engineering process itself are considered to be enormous. In this 3rd of a serious of 4 papers results of simulations on belt conveyor transfer stations are verified qualitatively and quanti...
Citations
... To construct this variable, the port throughput (measured in total number of TEU handled by the port in 2019) and berth time (the total number of hours that vessels stood at berths) are used. In this sense, the inclusion of terminal time of the ship is considered the undisputed and most critical performance measure for rating terminals (Murty et al., 2005;Carlo et al., 2015). In terms of the 1 Although the ports of Sines, Casablanca and Tanger MED are not located in the Mediterranean Sea, they have been included in our sample for two reasons: these three ports are located very close to the main western Mediterranean ports and they are key competitors of the said ports for transhipment traffic. 2 The data for the three inputs was collected at terminal level. ...
... Indeed, in general terms, several factors influence the efficiency and productivity of the ports under study, independently of how they are classified regarding the mix of traffic. The decisions made at a strategic, operational and tactical level determine the efficiency score of a terminal port and its five main areas: the berth, quay, transport area, storage yard and terminal gate (Murty et al., 2005;Carlo et al., 2015). A few examples of such factors include the number of quay cranes and the latest innovations incorporated in said cranes (multi-lift spreaders, double-trolley, etc.) (Günther and Kim, 2006;Carlo et al., 2015); the terminal layout and handling systems for stacking containers (Gharehgozli et al., 2020); the equipment used and strategies for storage planning of import, export, transit and empty containers (Vis and De Koster, 2003;Zhang et al., 2003;Chu and Huang, 2005;Zaerpour et al., 2019); and the adoption of automated container terminal technology (Kon et al., 2020). ...
... The decisions made at a strategic, operational and tactical level determine the efficiency score of a terminal port and its five main areas: the berth, quay, transport area, storage yard and terminal gate (Murty et al., 2005;Carlo et al., 2015). A few examples of such factors include the number of quay cranes and the latest innovations incorporated in said cranes (multi-lift spreaders, double-trolley, etc.) (Günther and Kim, 2006;Carlo et al., 2015); the terminal layout and handling systems for stacking containers (Gharehgozli et al., 2020); the equipment used and strategies for storage planning of import, export, transit and empty containers (Vis and De Koster, 2003;Zhang et al., 2003;Chu and Huang, 2005;Zaerpour et al., 2019); and the adoption of automated container terminal technology (Kon et al., 2020). Therefore, the decisions made by each individual port on said issues could lead to significant differences among them in terms of their efficiency score and other performance indicators (Murty et al., 2005). ...
... A BAP was introduced officially in commercial seaport settings in the study by Imai et al. (1997). A detailed elaboration on the development of BAP models can be found in the following studies: Theofanis et al. (2009), Bierwirth and Meisel (2010), Bierwirth and Meisel (2015), Carlo et al. (2015), Kizilay and Eliiyi (2021), Rodrigues and Agra (2022), and Li et al. (2023a). Furthermore, there are several survey studies on general container terminal operations, such as Steenken et al. (2004), Stahlbock and Voss (2008), Gharehgozli et al. (2016), Dragovic et al. (2017), Gharehgozli et al. (2020), and Roy et al. (2020). ...
This paper aims at the identification and assessment of High-Impact Research Papers (HIRPs) on the Berth Allocation Problem (BAP) research at marine terminals. The BAP objective is to optimally assign and schedule ships at berthing positions along a quay, as well as to determine the berthing times and positions of ships at a port. The purpose of this study is to facilitate the work of the relevant research community and ultimately promote the research quality in this area. In meeting this objective, the paper utilizes a systematic and fair method to determine HIRPs of the BAP, which is based on the h-index and the g-index. An in-depth bibliometric analysis of the identified studies reveals their key features and characteristics. The analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer and bibliometrix R-package software programs. The main findings provide many useful insights on the BAP research development. The adopted approach and associated analysis results present an up-to-date detailed picture of the BAP research and constitute a valuable tool for its applications into other relevant research areas. The common trends in the reviewed HIRPs and important future research needs are discussed in a comprehensive manner. This survey study can be viewed as the first attempt for a comprehensive bibliometric survey of the high-impact BAP literature, which will be of a great value to researchers and industry practitioners. Furthermore, the proposed methodology for the identification of HIRPs can be used not only for the BAP research but for the literature surveys in other domains as well.
... The vast majority of the studies on port operation optimisation belong to this category. A few survey papers, e.g., [32][33][34], have reviewed the literature on the applications of operation research techniques to optimise the port logistics processes, including ship stowage planning, yard storage and space allocation, crane scheduling, and internal moving vehicle scheduling. Acciaro et al. [35] analysed two European ports, Hamburg and Genoa, and stated that an appropriate energy management system could coordinate and match port energy need and supply so that substantial energy efficiency can be achieved. ...
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the literature related to seaport decarbonisation by combining the academic literature with case studies, industrial reports, newsletters, and domain knowledge. Through the literature review, the emission sources at seaports are categorised according to different criteria for better understanding. One of the criteria is the geographic location, which divides the emission sources into four categories. For each emission source category, the emission reduction measures in the literature are categorised into six structured categories including operational measures, technical measures, fuel and energy measures, infrastructural measures, digitalisation measures, and policy and collaboration measures. The first three categories have a direct impact on emission reductions, whereas the last three categories tend to support and facilitate the development and implementation of the first three categories. Representative case studies are selected from the UK ports to discuss their decarbonisation practices and pathways to net zero. We then propose a generic time-phased roadmap for port decarbonisation towards net zero, which divides the solution measures in each category into three phases to show their progressive processes. We explain the dependence relationships of the solution measures in the roadmap and discuss the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of the roadmap. This paper could offer strategic guidelines to port-associated stakeholders to implement emission reduction strategies and transition to net zero from the system perspective.
... There are three major types of MCT operations, including the following (Bierwirth and Meisel, 2010;Bierwirth and Meisel, 2015): (1) seaside operations that mainly focus on the service of arriving ships by sea-to-shore cranes, generally referred to as "quay cranes" (see Fig. 1); (2) marshaling yard operations that deal with the storage of containers delivered from the seaside and the landside; and (3) landside operations that entail the pick-up and/or drop-off of the containers delivered by outbound trucks, generally referred to as "drayage trucks". Berth allocation and scheduling is one of the primary decision problems that have to be addressed by MCT operators when planning seaside operations (Carlo et al., 2015). The berth allocation and scheduling problem (BASP) aims to determine the assignment of arriving ships to the available berthing positions. ...
Maritime transportation is the main transportation mode for the delivery of cargoes between different continents across the world. Container ships carrying valuable goods are served at marine container terminals (MCTs). Berth allocation and scheduling is one of the primary decision problems that have to be addressed by MCT operators when planning seaside operations. The berth allocation and scheduling problem (BASP) has high computational complexity and cannot be solved using exact optimization algorithms in acceptable computational time for large-scale problem instances. Therefore, many types of heuristic and metaheuristics have been proposed in the BASP literature. However, hyperheuristics still have not been explored for the BASP decision problem, despite their promising performance in other settings. Hence, this study proposes a comprehensive framework for hyperheuristic algorithms for berth allocation and scheduling at MCTs that could be further used to guide the future research in this area.
... Numerous studies have been conducted on the deterministic BACAP. These studies can be found in Bierwirth and Meisel [3], Carlo et al. [4], and Iris et al. [5]. In particular, Iris et al. [5] proposed set partitioning formulations and column reduction techniques for BACAP, including time-variant and time-invariant QC assignments. ...
Port operations have been suffering from hybrid uncertainty, leading to various disruptions in efficiency and tenacity. However, these essential uncertain factors are often considered separately in literature during berth and quay crane assignments, leading to defective, even infeasible schedules. This paper addressed the integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment problem (BACAP) with stochastic vessel delays under different conditions. A novel approach that combines both proactive and reactive strategies is proposed. First, a mixed-integer programming model is formulated for BACAP with quay crane maintenance activities under the ideal state of no delay. Then, for minor delays, buffer time is added to absorb the uncertainty of the arrival time of vessels. Thus, a robust optimization model for minimizing the total service time of vessels and maximizing the buffer time is developed. Considering that the schedule is infeasible when a vessel is seriously delayed, a reactive model is built to minimize adjustment costs. According to the characteristics of the problem, this article combined local search with the genetic algorithm and proposed an improved genetic algorithm (IGA). Numerical experiments validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with CPLEX and Squeaky Wheel Optimization (SWO) in different delay conditions and problem scales. An in-depth analysis presents some management insights on the coefficient setting, uncertainty, and buffer time.
... There exist a few research papers on operational decision problems in rail terminals [18], on container operations in harbors [19], on crane scheduling in container ports [10,20] and on crane scheduling under non-crossing constraints [21]. ...
... With the objective to maintain customer satisfaction and increase port productivity, MCT operators must make an effective use of their handling resources and berthing positions (Carlo et al., 2015 ). The implementation of an optimized berth scheme typicall y r esults in higher pr ofitability and competitiv eness a gainst other marine terminals . ...
... A classical illustration of a hybrid wharf is shown in Fig. 1 c. Under all these three situations, the draft of the ship should be less than the allo w able w ater depth of the berthing positions and access channel of the port (Carlo et al., 2015 ). ...
... T he collected studies were classified based on different attributes, including the spatial attribute, temporal attribute , handling time attribute , and adopted performance measure. Carlo et al. ( 2015 ) focused on the seaside MCT operations and r e vie wed the r ele v ant r esearc h efforts on berth allocation and quay crane scheduling. Furthermore, integrated seaside decision pr oblems wer e discussed as well. ...
Marine container terminals play a significant role for international trade networks and global market. To cope with the rapid and steady growth of the seaborne trade market, marine container terminal operators must address the operational challenges with appropriate analytical methods to meet the needs of the market. The berth allocation and scheduling problem is one of the important decisions faced by operators during operations planning. The optimization of a berth schedule is strongly associated with the allocation of spatial and temporal resources. An optimal and robust berth schedule remarkably improves the productivity and competitiveness of a seaport. A significant number of berth allocation and scheduling studies have been conducted over the last years. Thus, there is an existing need for a comprehensive and critical literature survey to analyze the state-of-the-art research progress, developing tendencies, current shortcomings, and potential future research directions. Therefore, this study thoroughly selected scientific manuscripts dedicated to the berth allocation and scheduling problem. The identified studies were categorized based on spatial attributes, including discrete, continuous, and hybrid berth allocation and scheduling problems. A detailed review was performed for the identified study categories. A representative mathematical formulation for each category was presented along with a detailed summary of various considerations and characteristics of every study. A specific emphasis was given to the solution methods adopted. The current research shortcomings and important research needs were outlined based on the review of the state-of-the-art. This study was conducted with the expectation of assisting the scientific community and relevant stakeholders with berth allocation and scheduling.
... These papers cover three related problems: berth allocation problem (BAP), quay crane assignment problem (QCAP), and quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP). Meisel (2010, 2015) survey and classify the literature on BAP, QCAP, and QCSP up to 2014, while Carlo et al. (2015) review and classify the literature on these three related problems between 2004 and 2012. These review papers use the previously mentioned BAP classification proposed by Bierwirth and Meisel (2010), which is based on spatial, temporal, handling times, and performance measure characteristics. ...
In this chapter, a simulation model is used to determine the optimum days-off work schedules of multi-specialization pipeline maintenance crews. The crews perform preventive and repair maintenance of pipelines used for long-distance transport of oil, gas, and refined products. The technicians belong to five maintenance specializations: air conditioning, digital, electrical, machinist, and metal. Since most pipeline maintenance work orders are unplanned and require multiple specializations, demand for each specialization is a stochastic random variable. According to the oil company’s regulations, only three alternative days-off schedules are allowed for pipeline maintenance technicians. To minimize the average order completion time (waiting time plus processing time) for each specialization, a simulation model is used to assign each technician to one of the three allowed days-off schedules. Simulation-based optimization is used because this is a stochastic, complex, and multiple-factor scheduling problem. The model takes all relevant interacting factors into consideration, including the probabilistic labor demands and the stochastic work order durations. The simulation model determined the optimum combination of days-off schedules for the technicians belonging to each specialization. Switching to the optimum day-off schedules is expected to decrease the average maintenance work order completion time by 28% without increasing the workforce size or cost.
... These papers cover three related problems: berth allocation problem (BAP), quay crane assignment problem (QCAP), and quay crane scheduling problem (QCSP). Meisel (2010, 2015) survey and classify the literature on BAP, QCAP, and QCSP up to 2014, while Carlo et al. (2015) review and classify the literature on these three related problems between 2004 and 2012. These review papers use the previously mentioned BAP classification proposed by Bierwirth and Meisel (2010), which is based on spatial, temporal, handling times, and performance measure characteristics. ...
In this chapter, the optimum assignment of tankers to berths is considered for a large marine terminal. The terminal is used by several local companies to export their oil and petrochemical products to international customers around the world. The terminal has eight berths, each of which supplies a set of products with varying pumping rates (loading speeds). Each visiting tanker has given demand quantities for a specific set of products, which can be loaded from either one or two berths. If a tanker arrives at the terminal and cannot be immediately allocated to a berth, because all berths are occupied, then a delay penalty (demurrage cost) is paid for each hour of delay. Obviously, the total delay times of all tankers must be minimized in order to minimize the total demurrage cost. To achieve this objective, a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to optimize both tanker assignments to berths and tanker sequencing at each berth. The MILP model has two unique features. First, multiple product demands by tankers and multiple product supplies by berths are considered. Second, each tanker can be assigned not only to one berth, but possibly to two berths to load two sets of products.
... The berth is defined as an area where vessels are moored to start cargo handling operations. When a specific berth is allocated to a vessel (as per BAP), it is necessary to consider factors such as the processing rate (productivity), the efficiency of the equipment, the number of QCs available, and the total number of crane moves to be done (Carlo et al. 2015). The time needed for cargo handling operations is calculated using the number of QC moves involved. ...
Operations research techniques have helped optimize container terminal operations over the past decades and have been a regular feature of maritime logistics and maritime supply chain literature in addition to being in practice at container terminals across the globe. Our systematic review collated through Scopus, 1768 papers published in the domain and analyzed them to find the main research clusters, and explore future research directions. Studies on both quayside and landside planning are grouped in five research clusters: discussing simulation, scheduling, automation, quayside operations, integrated operations and container transportation. In addition, the evolution of optimization techniques in planning container terminal operations is discussed, along with the suggested trajectory of the research agenda under each cluster. The analysis finds that genetic algorithms, integer linear programming and heuristics are the most widely used operations research techniques in container terminal optimization. While clusters of research in areas such as simulating container terminal operations, scheduling operations and automated terminals have received a great deal of attention, research focusing on integrated and dynamic operations has been scarce over the past years, suggesting a new area of contributions. The review proposes the application of methods such as neural network- and deep learning models related to artificial intelligence to widen our understanding of container terminal operations.
