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Salvia tingitana has been in cultivation since at least the end of the seventeenth century, but its provenance has for long been uncertain and its taxonomic interpretation confused. With new evidence that has come to light, a more complete botanical and horticultural history of the plant is presented. It covers a period of almost 400 years. Uncerta...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... species with the polynomial "Horminum salvia folio lanuginoso" (Morison 1699: 392, t. 16, fig. 3) refers back to Alpino's plant and gives Aleppo as its origin ["ex Aleppo quoque delatum est"]; the woodcut is very similar to that of Alpino. In the absence of any complementary specimens, it is impossible to accurately identify the plants that Alpino and Morison described and illustrated, but from the available evidence it is likely ...
Context 2
... 1700, Tournefort described what we believe to be Salvia tingitana as "Sclarea tingitana foetidissima hirsuta, flore albo" (Tournefort 1700: 179) but gave no further information or com- ment other than "habitat in Africa". A specimen (Fig. 3), the earliest known, is in the Tournefort herbarium (at P, specimen no. 1081, microfiche no. 53) and bears the annotation "Sclarea tingitana foetidiss. Flore dilute coeruleo variegato. La fleur est d' un bleu fort pale -toute la plante fut fort". It appears to be good S. tingitana despite the comment about flower colour (not normally ...
Citations
... In general, extensive cytological studies exist in the genus Salvia from different parts of the world (for example, Patudin et al. 1975, Lee 1967, Afzal-Rafii 1976, Mizianti et al. 1981, Haque 1981, Borgen 1980, Díaz-Lifante et al. 1992, Palomino et al. 1986, Özdemir and Senel 1999, Yildiz and Güccel 2006, Bahattacharya 1978, Foley et al. 2008. However, cytological reports from Salvia species of Iran are very limited (Ghaffari and Chariat-Panahi 1985, Estilai and Hashemi 1990, Sheidai et al. 2010. ...
Abstract The genus Salvia L.(Lamiaceae) contains about 900 species distributed throughout
the Old and New world growing in temperate and subtropical areas, with about 70 species
reported in Flora Iranica. Cytological studies of the Salvia have been mainly focused on
chromosome number reports and karyotype analysis, while study of the chromosomes
behavior in meiosis is very limited. Meiotic studies were performed in ten Salvia species of
S. spinosa, S. reuterana, S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. xanthocheiala, S. limbata, S.
hypoleuca, S. staminea, S. nemorosa and S. verticillata showing 2n= 14, 20, 22 and 32
chromosome numbers indicating the role played by polyploidy and aneuploidy in Salvia
species diversification. Among Salvia species, the highest value of relative total, terminal
and intercalary chiasmata occurred in S. verticellata while the lowest value of relative total
... Salvia merjamie is moderately supported (ML) as the sister to S. verbenaca 141 from Turkey. Both are polymorphic, occasionally have cleistogamous flowers and share the chromosome number of 2n ¼ 42, which is uncommon in Salvia (Reese, 1957;Gadella et al., 1966;Hedge, 1974;Hedberg and Hedberg, 1977;Haque and Ghoshal, 1980;Codd, 1985;Vogt and Aparicio, 1999;Foley et al., 2008). ...
Background and aims:
Salvia is the largest genus in Lamiaceae and it has recently been found to be non-monophyletic. Molecular data on Old World Salvia are largely lacking. In this study, we present data concerning Salvia in Africa. The focus is on the colonization of the continent, character evolution and the switch of pollination systems in the genus.
Methods:
Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Analyses were based on two nuclear markers [internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacer (ETS)] and one plastid marker (rpl32-trnL). Sequence data were generated for 41 of the 62 African taxa (66 %). Mesquite was used to reconstruct ancestral character states for distribution, life form, calyx shape, stamen type and pollination syndrome.
Key results:
Salvia in Africa is non-monophyletic. Each of the five major regions in Africa, except Madagascar, was colonized at least twice, and floristic links between North African, south-west Asian and European species are strongly supported. The large radiation in Sub-Saharan Africa (23 species) can be traced back to dispersal from North Africa via East Africa to the Cape Region. Adaptation to bird pollination in southern Africa and Madagascar reflects parallel evolution.
Conclusions:
The phenotypic diversity in African Salvia is associated with repeated introductions to the continent. Many important evolutionary processes, such as colonization, adaptation, parallelism and character transformation, are reflected in this comparatively small group. The data presented in this study can help to understand the evolution of Salvia sensu lato and other large genera.
... In general, extensive cytological studies exist in the genus Salvia from different parts of the world (for example, Patudin et al. 1975, Lee 1967, Afzal-Rafii 1976, Mizianti et al. 1981, Haque 1981, Borgen 1980, Díaz-Lifante et al. 1992, Palomino et al. 1986, Özdemir and Senel 1999, Yildiz and Güccel 2006, Bahattacharya 1978, Foley et al. 2008. However, cytological reports from Salvia species of Iran are very limited (Ghaffari and Chariat-Panahi 1985, Estilai and Hashemi 1990, Sheidai et al. 2010. ...
Karyotype analysis was performed in 10 Salvia species (Lamiaceae) of Iran, S. spinosa, S. reuterana, S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. xanthocheiala, S. limbata, S. hypoleuca, S. staminea, S. nemorosa and S. verticillata showing 2n=14, 20, 22 and 32 chromosome numbers indicating the role played by polyploidy and aneuploidy in Salvia species diversification. Some of the species differed significantly in the size of chromosomes but occupied 1A and 1B classes of Stebbins system indicating them to have primitive karyotype.
Aims
The study aimed to assess the antidiabetic effect of Salvia tingitana (S. tingitana).
Background
S. tingitana is an aromatic plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Phytochemical analysis of the aerial parts of S. tingitana revealed the existence of terpenoids and flavonoids. In addition, S. tingitana possesses antimicrobial activity.
Objective
The goal of the study was to obtain information about the antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant abilities of S. tingitana aqueous extract.
Material and Methods
The effect of an acute and sub-chronic administration of S. tingitana aqueous extract (AEST) at the doses of 60 and 80 mg/kg on glucose, lipid profile, and lipoprotein profile was examined in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic rats. Additionally, a preliminary phytochemical screening, and the antioxidant activity using DPPH assay were carried out.
Results
Rats treated with AEST at a dose of 60 mg/kg showed a significant decrease of the serum glucose levels during the single oral administration at the 4th and 6th hour of treatment in both normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced hyperglycemic rats. Interestingly, a dose of 80 mg/kg AEST produced a significant lowering effect on blood glucose levels at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th hour of treatment after a single oral administration in both diabetic and normal rats. Both doses of AEST (60 and 80 mg/kg) revealed a significant amelioration of lipid and lipoprotein profile. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis proved the presence of polyphenols compounds, flavonoids, and tannins. Results suggest that the S. tingitana contains some secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and saponins. Importantly, the study revealed that the aqueous extract of S. tingitana has a very interesting antioxidant activity (IC50 = 553.21 µg/ml).
Conclusion
The study illustrates the beneficial action of the aqueous extract of S. tingitana as an antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic agent.
Quorum-sensing (QS) is a regulatory mechanism in bacterial communication, important for pathogenesis control. The search for small molecules active as quorum-sensing inhibitors (QSI) that can synergize with antibiotics is considered a good strategy to counteract the problem of antibiotic resistance. Here the antimicrobial labdane diterpenoids sclareol (1) and manool (2) extracted from Salvia tingitana were considered as potential QSI against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Only sclareol showed synergistic activity with clindamycin. The quantification of these compounds by LC–MS analysis in the organs and in the calli of S. tingitana showed that sclareol is most abundant in the flower spikes and is produced by calli, while manool is the major labdane of the roots, and is abundant also in the leaves. Other metabolites of the roots were abietane diterpenoids, common in Salvia species, and pentacyclic triterpenoids, bearing a γ-lactone moiety, previously undescribed in Salvia. Docking simulations suggested that 1 and 2 bind to key residues, involved in direct interactions with DNA. They may prevent accessory gene regulator A (AgrA) binding to DNA or AgrA activation upon phosphorylation, to suppress virulence factor expression. The antimicrobial activity of these two compounds probably achieves preventing upregulation of the accessory gene regulator (agr)-regulated genes.
A surface extract of the aerial parts of Salvia tingitana afforded a nor-sesterterpenoid (1) and eight new sesterterpenoids (2-̵9), along with five known sesterterpenoids, five labdane and one abietane diterpenoid, one sesquiterpenoid, and four flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and VCD data and Mosher's esters analysis. The antimicrobial activity of compounds was evaluated against 30 human pathogens including 27 clinical strains and three isolates of marine origin for their possible implications on human health. The methyl ester of salvileucolide (10), salvileucolide-6,23-lactone (11), sclareol (15), and manool (17) were the most active against Gram-positive bacteria. The compounds were also tested for the inhibition of ATP production in purified mammalian rod outer segments. Terpenoids 10, 11, 15, and 17 inhibited ATP production, while only 17 inhibited also ATP hydrolysis. Molecular modeling studies confirmed the capacity of 17 to interact with mammalian ATP synthase. A significant reduction of ATP production in the presence of 17 was observed in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates.
The genus Salvia L. (Lamiaceae) contains about 900 species distributed throughout the Old and New world growing in temperate and subtropical areas, with about 70 species reported in Flora Iranica. Cytological studies of the Salvia have been mainly focused on chromosome number reports and karyotype analysis, while study of the chromosomes behavior in meiosis is very limited. Meiotic studies were performed in ten Salvia species of S. spinosa, S. reuterana, S. sclarea, S. ceratophylla, S. xanthocheiala, S. limbata, S. hypoleuca, S. staminea, S. nemorosa and S. verticillata showing 2n = 14, 20, 22 and 32 chromosome numbers indicating the role played by polyploidy and aneuploidy in Salvia species diversification. Among Salvia species, the highest value of relative total, terminal and intercalary chiasmata occurred in S. verticellata while the lowest value of relative total and terminal chiasmata occurred in S. spinosa. Laggard chromosomes and chromosomes stickiness as well as frequent tripolar and multipolar cell formation due to anaphase I and II failure were observed. Potential unreduced (2n pollen) pollen grains were formed due to meiotic irregularities. B-chromosomes of 0–2 were observed in the species of S. sclarea, S. nemorosa and S. reuterana.
Salvia, the largest genus in the family Lamiaceae, includes species with different economic uses: medicinal, decorative, bee flowers, etc. In this paper we present new information on the nutlet morphology of 12 species of Salvia. The botanical material was collected from the Botanical Garden of Iaşi or from different parts of the country, and is represented by both wild and cultivated taxa. The binocular magnifier and photonic microscope allow highlighting of characteristics of the testa as regards colour, size, presence and arrangement of the abscission scar, and the presence of ornamentation. Nutlet shape is ovoid or ellipsoidal and the surface displays colliculate, verrucose, reticulate or foveolate ornamentation. A rarely used index is the ratio of maximum diameter of the nutlets and maximum diameter of the abscission scar, with values 3–18.5. To illustrate the taxonomic value of this information, based on all the observed features, a key has been developed for identification of the 12 Salvia taxa studied, based on characters of the nutlets. The phenomenon of myxocarpy, characteristic of Lamiaceae, revealed differences on the basis of its presence or absence, speed of occurrence, and consistency of the characteristic mucilage. As these observations differ from some data in the literature, explanation of some aspects requires further study. This work complements the theoretical and detailed iconographic information in the literature about nutlets, which is useful for clarifying some aspects of the taxonomy of Salvia. Introduction Salvia is the largest genus in Lamiaceae and comprises an enormous, cosmopolitan group of some 1000 species of wide ecological amplitude. The greatest number of species (500) is found in Central and South America, 250 species occur in Central Asia and the Mediterranean region, and 90 in South-East Asia. In the Romanian flora, the genus is represented by both wild and cultivated species; lately increased interest has been shown in horticultural cultivars of species such as Salvia coccinea, S. farinacea, S. officinalis, S. splendens and S. viridis. Many taxa are well known for their use in classical or traditional medicine, cosmetics and/or aromatherapy, as bee flowers, etc. Morpho-anatomical studies on the members of this genus are very numerous, but features of the nutlet have now begun to be investigated in more detail, especially with the improvement of modern techniques [2, 14]. In the Romanian literature, the most numerous and detailed morphological data on nutlets of the wild species (and those occasionally grown) of Salvia are, as expected, in Flora R.P.R. [7]. However, a closer look reveals that these data are incomplete, inadequate or even ambiguous. In recent decades, the use of micro-morphological characters in the classification of Lamiaceae has expanded greatly [3]. The features of the seeds and the surface of the nutlets are helpful evaluative characters in systematic studies. These can be used successfully at several taxonomic levels, depending on the chosen character and its variation.
