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Total bilirubin concentration in the serum of P. berghei-infected mice administered with N. laevis stem bark aqueous extract and chloroquine.
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This study investigated the antimalarial activity of aqueous stem bark extract of Newbouldia laevis in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. The plant is being used locally for treatment of malaria. The phytochemical screening of the extract was carried to ascertain the secondary metabolites present. Thirty Swiss albino mice weighing between 18-27 g we...
Citations
... The results of antiplasmodial activity obtained from this study are consistent with the result of (33) who reported dosedependent antiplasmodial activity in the mice treated with Newbouldia laevis leaf extract. Similar dose-dependent antiplasmodial activity was also reported by (45) in mice treated with aqueous extract of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark. ...
Background: Despite substantial improvement in the management of malaria infection over the last centuries, it remains a significant public threat especially to those in the tropical and subtropical African regions due to the emergence of drug-resistant P. falciparum strains, delayed diagnosis, high cost as well as contraindications of some available antimalarial medications. Hence, the need for necessary measures in terms of alternative therapeutic approaches to counter this threat is of utmost importance. The present study was aimed at determining the antimalarial potential of ethanol stem-bark extract of Newbouldia laevis in P. berghei (NK65) infected mice. Methodology: The antimalarial activity of Newbouldia laevis stem-bark at 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg was investigated in mice infected with 1 x 107 parasitized erythrocytes using three experimental animal models: Peter's 4-day suppressive, curative and prophylactic models. Phytochemical screening of the stem bark was also conducted. Results: The extract at all tested doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ kg showed significant (p<0.01) and dose-dependent reductions in the parasitemia levels of the treated rats with percentage chemosuppresion of 90.7, 91.8 and 94% respectively in the Peters 4-day suppressive test. There were also significant (p<0.01) dose- dependent reductions in parasitemia density of the treated rats at all doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg in the curative and prophylactic studies compared to the distilled water group. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones in the crude extract. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol stem-bark extract of Newbouldia laevis possesses antimalarial activity and this justifies the traditional use of the stem-bark of the plant in antimalarial herbal remedy.
... 33 The pathogenesis of malaria infection involves the liver sporozoic stage and erythrocyte merozoic stage, which ultimately leads to the destruction of infected red blood cells. 34 Since both hepatic cells and the erythrocytes are rich sources of these enzymes, the activities of the invading malaria parasites in these tissues can lead to the damage of their membranes and the consequent release of AST and ALT into the serum. Thus, resulting in the observed increase in the serum activities of these enzymes and a corresponding decrease in their activities in the affected tissue or organ. ...
The current work investigated the chemical profile, antimalarial potential and capacity of hydroethanolic Senna alata extract (SAE) to reverse hematological and biochemical pertubation in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Total phe-nolic and flavonoid content was estimated to be 45.29 ± 2.34 mg GAE/g and 25.22 ± 2.26 mg QE/g respectively. In vitro analysis of the extract also confirmed its antioxidant property. Results of the test for prophylaxis of P. berghei indicated that SAE suppressed parasitemia significantly in treated groups in a dose dependent manner when compared with negative control group. Similarly, SAE improved the mean survival time (MST) and packed cell volume (PCV) of infected mice. The test for curative effect showed that SAE significantly suppressed parasitemia to 4.50 ± 1.05% compared to untreated group 29.83 ± 3.49%. Results of liver and kidney functions indices of treated animals indicated that whereas infection with P. berghei caused increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine, treatment with SAE significantly reversed the perturbation. Similarly, infected mice were dyslipi-demic with concomitant increased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase in lipid peroxides levels. However, these alterations were significantly reversed by administration of SAE. Results of this study shows that Senna alata possess antimalarial activity and therefore justify the traditional use of plant for the treatment of malaria.
... 100 This observation agrees with an earlier study by Togolese researchers that ethanol extract of N. laevis leaves inhibited P. falciparum in vitro with IC 50 value of 12.6 µg/mL as well as 43-77% inhibition by ethanol extract and its ethyl acetate, ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform fractions (0.5-5.0 mg/mL) reported by Nigerian researchers. [101][102][103] ...
Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem. (Family, Bignoniaceae), commonly known as tree of life, is a purple-flowering plant that is widely distributed in many parts of Africa. Different parts of the plant, including the leaves, flower, stems and roots are prevalently used in African traditional medicine for the management of many diseases and conditions like diabetes, hypertension, skin diseases, ulcer, tumors, pains, infectious diseases, inflammation, dysentery, sickle cell disease and impotency. This review discusses the trado-medical uses, chemical constituents, and biological activities of N. laevis. Based on information generated from scientific investigations deposited in PubMed and SCOPUS, the chemical constituents of the plant include glycosides, anthraquinolones, volatile oils, tannins, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and sterols. Extracts prepared from different parts of the plant of the plant and compounds isolated from them have been reported to have several health-promoting potentials such as antioxidant, antimalarial, trypanocidal, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-arthritic, anti-thrombotic, cytoprotective, anti-hypertensive, central nervous system modulatory, male reproduction enhancing and oxytocic properties. These scientific investigations have led credence to the ethnobotanical uses of the plant in folkloric practice. In addition, the presence of phytochemical constituents in the plant might be responsible for the wide biological potentials.
... Its usefulness in the management of convulsion in children has been shown [14]. The ability of aqueous extract of the Stem Bark of Newbouldia laevis to prevent malaria in Mice infected with Plasmodium bergheih has been shown, its acute toxicity and potentials to prevent plasmodium documented [15,16]. Similarly, the ameliorative effect of Newbouldia laevis in Cadmiuminduced overian dysfunction [17], and the antihyperglycaemic activity of Newbouldia laevis leaf water extracts have been investigated [8]. ...
This research aimed at evaluating the toxicological profile of ethanol stem-bark extract of N. laevis
in Wistar rats. Repeated oral dose toxicity studies (28 and 90 days) were carried out with 32 rats
for 28-day study and 40 rats for 90-day study. The rats were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C and
D) of six rats per group and were treated with 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg body-weight of the extract
for 28 and 90 days respectively. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment and
were used for Biochemical and Haematological investigations, organs were also collected for
histological examination. There was significant (p ≤ 0.05) reduction in WBCs following 28-day
treatment and a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase after 90-day treatment. The RBCs, haemoglobin
and haematocrit increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) at 1,000 mg/kg following 28-day treatment and
at all doses for RBCs and haemoglobin after 90-day treatment. A significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase
in HDL and a decrease in LDL was observed after 28-day treatment, the 90 days treatment showed
significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in HDL and an increase in LDL. The AST level also increased
significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after 28-day treatment. Histological-examination revealed pathological
abnormalities in kidney and liver of the treated rats at all doses. This study showed that extract of
N. laevis stem-bark was toxic when used at high doses and for a long period of time in the treated
rats.
