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... the present study, the total phenolic compounds of Solanum ferox obtained by water extraction ranged from 2.29 to 6.01 mg GAE/g dry extract (Figure 2). Extraction was most successful at 90˚C for 120 mins (yielding 6.01 mg GAE/mg dry extract), followed by extraction at 60˚C for 180 mins and 150 mins to was markedly higher in fresh matured brinjals with dark purple lines (skin colour) (Solanum melongethan) than in the other samples ( Somawathi et al. 2014) [12]. ...
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The study intended to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds using response surface methodology as optimization tool. Initially, four solvents, namely, distilled water, ethanol, acetone and methanol at 100% concentration level were tested for extraction of total phenolics and acetone was found to be the best solvent. Indi...
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... Most of the previous studies were on agronomy, phytochemicals, nutrient composition, downstream application, and postharvest management of the crops (Razili et al., 2013;Shariah et al., 2013;Rahman et al., 2019). To date, there are no records of insects associated with the S. lasiocarpum due to limited study for pests and beneficial insects for this indigenous species. ...
Solanum lasiocarpum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Terung Asam, is an indigenous crop in Sarawak, Borneo. The S. lasiocarpum is a renowned crop and is significant to the local and smallholder farmers for their household income. Study of insects associated with this crop is currently limited and lacking, despite their importance for Sarawak’s agronomy. Hence, this study aimed to determine the associated insect species with S. lasiocarpum throughout the plant growth, namely, vegetative, flowering, and fruiting phases. Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coccinellidae) and mealybug Pseudococcidae were recorded as primary pests, while Anoplolepis gracilipes (Formicidae) and Polyrhachis sp. (Formicidae) as indirect pests for flowering and fruiting phases. Larvae and adults of H. kaszabi were sighted infesting leaves, stems, and roots, while Pseudococcidae congregated and infested the stems of S. lasiocarpum. Other visiting insects for S. lasiocarpum were also listed in this study. This study provides preliminary information regarding the insect pests of S. lasiocarpum for future effective pest management on this crop.
... Most of the previous studies were on agronomy, phytochemicals, nutrient composition, downstream application, and postharvest management of the crops (Razili et al., 2013;Shariah et al., 2013;Rahman et al., 2019). To date, there are no records of insects associated with the S. lasiocarpum due to limited study for pests and beneficial insects for this indigenous species. ...
... It has been traditionally cultivated in Malaysia for its fruit, most commonly in mountain paddy fields. The crop produces an average of 16 to 20 tonnes per hectare [1]. The wholesale price of the crop ranges from Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 6 to RM10 per kilogramme, depending on its size and quality. ...
Silk fibroin coating was used in this study as an edible coating for Solanum ferox (S. ferox), tropical fruit from Borneo. The
effect of different concentration coatings and dip time on fruit quality attributes during storage was evaluated via response
surface methodology. The optimal parameters were 2% silk fibroin concentration and 2 min of dip time. The optimized data
for silk fibroin-coated fruit, carboxymethylcellulose-coated fruit and uncoated fruit as a control were compared. The weight
loss and firmness at day 11 for fruit coated with silk fibroin were 14.9% and 3.07 N, respectively, compared to 13.49% and
3.53 N for fruit coated with carboxymethylcellulose. Uncoated fruit revealed a weight loss was 28.11% and firmness was
4.3 N. On day 11, the fruit coated with silk fibroin had chemical properties of 3.6 and 4 for total soluble solids (TSS) and
pH, respectively. The carboxymethylcellulose-coated fruit had a TSS of 4.2 and a pH of 3.3. The uncoated fruit had a TSS
of 4.3 and a pH of 5.2. In comparison to uncoated fruits, the ripening process of fruits coated with silk fibroin was slowed.
Silk fibroin is suggested to be an effective edible coating for preserving fruit quality and extending its shelf life.
... Nowadays, high local demand for S. lasiocarpum Dunal has caused price to go up to RM 6.00-10.00 per kg depending on the size and quality (Shariah et al., 2013;Rahman et al., 2019). It has been cultivated as a special fruitvegetable crop throughout the state, yielding an average of 16 to 20 tonnes per hectare (Rahman et al., 2019). ...
... per kg depending on the size and quality (Shariah et al., 2013;Rahman et al., 2019). It has been cultivated as a special fruitvegetable crop throughout the state, yielding an average of 16 to 20 tonnes per hectare (Rahman et al., 2019). The proximate nutrient composition of S. lasiocarpum Dunal fruit per 100 g of the edible portion is 89.5% moisture, 1.1% protein, 0.9% fat, 5.8% carbohydrate, 1.75% crude fibre and 0.8% ash. ...
... The authors obtained 12.88 to 16.16 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight for TPC and 62.39% to 86.80% for antioxidant activity with methanol as solvent. However, when water was used as a solvent, the extract gave out 2.29 to 6.01 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (D.W) for TPC and no indication for the antioxidant activity (Rahman et al., 2019). This is also consistent with the findings of Mohd Waznul et al. (2019), who discovered that a 100% methanol extract extracted the most polyphenolics when compared to a 50% methanol and a 100% water extract. ...
... Diets rich in polyphenolic compounds also play an important role in coping against oxidative stress-related disorders (Ding & Syazwani 2016). Rahman et al. (2019) stated that fruits and vegetables, including those of Solanum spp., are known to be rich in flavonoids that equipped them with high antioxidant capacities. Among all indigenous fruits and vegetables studied, TAS fruit has received a great amount of attention due to its high nutritional values and antioxidant properties (Voon & Kueh 1999). ...
... TAS fruit contains a high amount of phenolic compounds with powerful free radical scavenging activity (Oszmiański et al. 2014). Rahman et al. (2019) further reported that the TAS water extract contains ample amounts of flavonoids, implying that TAS could be a valuable source of antioxidant compounds. ...
Terung Asam Sarawak (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal.), also known as terung Dayak or sour eggplant is one of the largest indigenous crops in Sarawak. It has slowly gained a significant commercial importance in Malaysia especially East Malaysia. There have been several studies on Terung Asam Sarawak in the last few decades but mainly focus on plant vernacular and morphology with only some studies focusing on the fruits. The agronomic practices of the plant until fruit postharvest handling have not been comprehensively studied. The information on Terung Asam Sarawak scatters in diverse sources, either local or regional sources, and in several languages too. Therefore, this review attempts to compile these all literature and outline every important finding (from plant origin to planting, fruit postharvest handling, uses and many more) about Terung Asam Sarawak in order to pinpoint the gaps of knowledge. It is hope that this review could assist researchers to focus on the gaps that will help to establish this indigenous eggplant as an important commercial vegetable in tropical countries.
The local people of Sarawak commonly made unique dishes out of the local distinctive resources for its health beneficial nutrients. Yet, many potentials of the local Sarawak food ingredients are less likely to be exploited. One of the main produces of Sarawak is the starch from Metroxylon sagu. Our study reviewed that sago starch is not only active in health beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidative, it also possesses positive prebiotic response. Other local indigenous fruits, vegetable and spices of Sarawak as potential functional food includes Sarawak pepper; midin, the edible fern; terung asam, the sour eggplant; dabai, the Bornean olive; engkalak, the Bornean avocado; Terap, the local ‘jackfruit’; embangan, the local wild mango; and the edible palm heart (EPH) from palm tree. Research on the edible fern (midin), edible palm hearts (umbut), spices such as turmeric and pepper from Sarawak has revealed a positive functionality in terms of prebiotic potential, antioxidative, antimicrobial and many more. Conclusively, the wide food varieties of Sarawak are potential functional food. Therefore, this work aimed to publicise the health beneficial functionalities of the local indigenous food which then value‐added the rare local food resources, and boost the local farmer's production and economic status.
The increasing popularity of Morinda citrifolia has many medical and health benefits because of its rich polysaccharides (PSC) and polyphenols (PPN). It has become popular to brew the dry M. citrifolia fruit slice as tea in some regions of China. In this study, optimize the extraction parameters of M. citrifolia fruit tea polysaccharides and polyphenols using response surface methodology. The results indicated the highest PSC yield of 17% at 46 °C for 11 min and the ratio of water/ M. citrifolia fruit powder was 78 mL/g. The optimum extraction of PPN was at 95 °C for 10 min and the ratio of water/ M. citrifolia fruit powder 90 mL/g, with 8.93% yield. Using dry M. citrifolia fruit slices as a tea is reported for the first time. Based on the results, the maximum level of PSC can be obtained under condition by infusing about four dried M. citrifolia fruit slice with average thickness and size in warm boiled water for 11 min, taking a 300 mL cup (300 mL of water) for example. The maximum level of PPN can be obtained by adding three slices of dried M. citrifolia fruit slice to boiled water for 10 min. Considering the powder used in our study, the further pulverization of cutting into powder is more conducive to material precipitation. This study provides a scientific basis for obtaining PSC and PPN from dry M. citrifolia fruit slice tea by brewing.
