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Concept of Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) to control inverters for emulating synchronous generator characteristics in grid integration of distributed energy resources (DER) is an emerging research area. Such distributed generators with diesel primeovers also have to comply to different electricity grid codes where Low Voltage Ride Through (LVR...
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Context 1
... Typical VSG Diagram [15] generator-connected mode are studied to understand the modeling considerations of the swing equation. Authors' highlighted that to emulate with DERs such as diesel generators for grid compliance studies the control block shown in Fig.5 has to modify in such a way that electrical angle fed to the PWM block has to be calculated from virtual mechanical phase and number of poles of generator. ...
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... structure of the VSG is shown in Fig. 5. VSG inverter is driven by the Eq.(2) and as a result it behaves as a synchronous generator. Frequency detector and the power meter blocks are used to measure the grid frequency and output power. Grid frequency is used to calculate ∆ωm. VSG control block using Eq.(2) calculates the virtual rotor speed ωm. Standard Runge-Kutta method is ...
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... can be seen that the voltage amplitude command is obtained from the PI controller using feedback of Qout. The Q * of Fig.5 is the reactive power command [15]. Generally, for synchronous generator it is assumed that δ is under 30 degree but in this case sinδ ∼ = δ and cosδ ∼ = 1, thus P is a function of δ and, P and Q can be independently controlled. ...
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... consider the generator with the rating and parameters as mentioned in [12], for a voltage dip of 0.2pu it requires support of atleast 0.63pu of reactive power, which means using Eq. (3), VSG of such rating can support upto 68% of the requirement. Hence, VSG connected in parallel to DERs such as diesel generators can help in grid compliance cases. Fig. 5 shows the active and reactive power control of such a VSG module. ...
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Citations
... There are various ways and modifications of this method, but in all of them, the inverter amplitude and phase control equations are based on the swing equation for the real SG represented in relation to the mechanical powers. The basic version of algorithm is described in [2]; in order to increase the accuracy of regulation the internal circuits of output current and voltage of TBVSI are used [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]; besides, when TBVSI is supplied from accumulator battery, the primary source voltage regulator is considered [13][14][15], but for this work VSG with pre-synchronization considered in [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] is of particular interest. Apart from VSG, there are also induction motor method [24], approaches with different modifications of phase locked loop (PLL) [25], synchronverters [26] and many others. ...
Modern trends are leading to an increase in the number of alternative and renewable DC power sources, which are switched on in parallel operation with the main power source, which is a synchronous generator (SG) or a powerful AC network, through a semiconductor autonomous voltage inverter. In order to provide conditions of their synchronization and further long-term stable joint operation the method of virtual SG (VSG), which allows the inverter to imitate static and dynamic properties of the real SG, has been developed. The paper presents a description and structure of microgrid in which the problem of damping controllers of the output voltage parameters controls system of a three-phase bridge voltage source invertor (TBVSI) is investigated to improve the quality of synchronization. The results of modelling allow to give recommendations for controllers unloading technique, which ensures the absence of overshooting of active and reactive power components of the inverter and SG at the moment of synchronization.
... others making it more popular for economic and environmental reasons [1]. PV plays a key role in the future efficiency and zero emission society, as many countries have installed renewable energy capacity and distributed generator, making a high percentage of the total generation capacity [2]. Power electronic devices like the inverters are used to connect the distributed generators through a common bus. ...
... This concept is also known as virtual synchronous generator (VSG), used in this paper, and virtual synchronous machine (VISMA) [1,29,30]. There is a substantial rise in research work on this topic [31,32], and recent studies show the promising results of VSG in grid stability [33][34][35][36][37]. The contribution and highlights of this paper are summarized as follows: ...
The modern electric power system is foreseen to have increased penetration of controllable loads under demand response programs and renewable energy resources coupled with energy storage systems which can provide virtual inertia. In this paper, the conventional model of an electric power system is appended by considering, individually and collaboratively, the role of demand response and virtual inertia for the purpose of frequency analysis and control. Most existing literature on this topic either considers one of these two roles or lacks in providing a general model of power system with demand response and virtual inertia. The proposed model is presented in general form and can
include/exclude demand response and/or virtual inertia. Further, power system operator can opt the power shares from conventional, demand response, and virtual inertia loops for frequency regulation and can also evaluate the impact of other parameters such as time delays and frequency deadbands on system frequency response. The mathematical formulation of steady-state values of frequency deviation and power contribution from all resources is provided and validated by simulation results under various scenarios including a case of wind intermittency.
... It emulate dynamic and steady-state droop characteristics of synchronous generator, which can make the converter possess damping and inertia [3], [4]. However, compared with the diesel generator, it is lack of engine governor control, so their angular frequency characteristics are different, and the degree of rigid of the converter based on the VSG control strategy is weaker than the diesel generator [5], [6]. When the converter based on the VSG control strategy and the diesel generator are in parallel, there is power impact in dynamic, and the stability of system will become worse. ...
Grid-connected power converters that integrate frequency support and inertia emulation functionalities have emerged in the last years. These features are promising for renewable energy based power generation plants, as it permits such systems to contribute to enhance the power system stability. This paper discusses about three different active power control solutions that can be applied to grid-connected converters equipped with a Synchronous Power Controller (SPC). For each solution, the detailed analytical relationship between the control parameters and the power loop dynamics is illustrated, and the local stability and dynamics are analyzed. The analysis and validation of frequency support functionalities are particularly addressed in this work, where the experimental results obtained in a 10 kW experimental endorse the analysis, permitting finally to conclude that the Synchronous Power Control offers a good performance in terms of inertial response and droop characteristics.
