Topographical anatomy of the turtle and tortoise heart (Geochelone pardalis top left, Trachemys scripta elegans on the right): humeral scute (1), pectoral scute (2), abdominal scute (3), right atrium (4), left atrium (5), pulmonary artery and left aortic arch (6), ventricle (7), coronary tree (8) 1.1.2 The lizard heart (Fig. 2, 3)

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... Non-infectious pericardial diseases ............................. 4.3.6 Fourth cardiac examination .................................................................. List of figures Fig. 1: Topographical anatomy of the turtle and tortoise heart ................................. 6 ............................................... 47 Fig. 27: Improved health condition of a patient after the therapy ............................. 48 Authorship of the figures ...

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... The chelonian heart (Fig. 1) Chelonians are the most ancient of all living reptiles along with tuataras evolved over 200 million years ago (Evans, ...

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... provides information about the heart size and its shape. Always dorso-ventral (DV) and latero-lateral (LL) positioning must be performed (Fig. 10). This method is limited because the liquid has the same opacity as soft tissues thus each structure inside the heart could not be differentiated and limitation for most species of reptiles is that in lizards the heart is covered by a bony pectoral girdle and in turtles the heart is hidden in the bony shell. It is not possible to ...

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... cranial to the stifle when the stifle has held adducted and flexed against the body wall (green electrode on the left side, black one on the right side; Hunt, 2013). For aggressive patients we can use a towel to cover the head and make them calmer, but usually it is necessary to have another person to help with handling and positioning the animal (Fig. 12). The ECG can also be recorded using the positive and negative terminals positioned on the neck and abdomen, respectively, while the ground electrode was placed on the tail of the animal (Germer et al., 2015). ...

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... Heart Monitor (p>0.0167; Fig. 17). ...

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... Fig. 19). value, a PR interval duration 240-420 mS (Dahhan, 2006) was used. In our study, PR intervals from 424 to 730 mS were considered as prolonged (Fig. 20). As a reference value, QT interval duration 470-830 mS (Dahhan, 2006) was ...

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... examination revealed stable heart rate and electric alternans of QRS complex (Fig. 31, Table 3). Echocardiography was unremarkable. Due to worse health conditions and ECG findings, it was decided to add pimobendan at the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg every other day to improve heart contractility. As a supportive therapy, imunoglucan was also used. The patient was presented 6 months after the last control. ECG showed mild ...