Figure - available from: Journal of Low Temperature Physics
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![Top Left:Ids\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{ds}}$$\end{document} versus Vds\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{ds}}$$\end{document} characteristics at 4 K and 1 K for a Cgs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{gs}}$$\end{document}=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$=$$\end{document} 100 pF HEMT device. Horizontal scales are the same for plots at top and bottom. From top to bottom a δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta $$\end{document}Vgs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{gs}}$$\end{document}=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$=$$\end{document} − 1 mV step is applied between each curve for the 1 K data, only 4 curves are shown for the 4 K data (thick blue) to highlight the similarity with 1 K curves. Top Right and Bottom Left: Extracted transconductances gm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{m}$$\end{document} and output conductances gd\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{d}$$\end{document}. 1 K and 4 K (thick blue) values are the same within the measurement precision. Bottom Right: Voltage gain AV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{V}}$$\end{document}. 1 K and 4 K data (thick blue) are the same (Color figure online.)](publication/365190260/figure/fig1/AS:11431281099396589@1669259442698/Top-LeftIdsdocumentclass12ptminimal-usepackageamsmath-usepackagewasysym.png)
Top Left:Ids\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{ds}}$$\end{document} versus Vds\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{ds}}$$\end{document} characteristics at 4 K and 1 K for a Cgs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{gs}}$$\end{document}=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$=$$\end{document} 100 pF HEMT device. Horizontal scales are the same for plots at top and bottom. From top to bottom a δ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\delta $$\end{document}Vgs\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{gs}}$$\end{document}=\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$=$$\end{document} − 1 mV step is applied between each curve for the 1 K data, only 4 curves are shown for the 4 K data (thick blue) to highlight the similarity with 1 K curves. Top Right and Bottom Left: Extracted transconductances gm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{m}$$\end{document} and output conductances gd\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{d}$$\end{document}. 1 K and 4 K (thick blue) values are the same within the measurement precision. Bottom Right: Voltage gain AV\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$_{\mathrm{V}}$$\end{document}. 1 K and 4 K data (thick blue) are the same (Color figure online.)
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The Ricochet reactor neutrino observatory is planned to be installed at the Laue Langevin Institute starting mid-2022. Its scientific goal is to perform a low-energy and high precision measurement of the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering spectrum in order to explore exotic physics scenarios. Ricochet will host two cryogenic detector arra...
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... The latter is well suited to study the intrinsic properties of the transistor (e.g. bias curves, gain, and voltage noise), and leads to reasonable output gain of about 10 which is enough to be coupled to low-noise room temperature amplifiers [26]. The HEMTs and drain resistors are mounted on a custom PCB encapsulated in a copper chassis on the MiniCryoCube 1 K stage. ...
... The latter are computed assuming a standard Fano factor value of F = 0.1057 ± 0.0002 at 5.9 keV for Ge detectors operated at 77 K [29] and a mean energy to create an electron-hole pair of 3.0 eV [30,31]. This could be explained by both the incomplete charge collection and the event-toevent gain variations expected with these common source preamplifiers which are not in a closed loop configuration [26]. In addition to the 71 Ge K-and L-shell electron capture lines, the energy spectra shown in Fig. 3 exhibit a continuous component rising at the lowest energies. ...
... Though the HEMT-based common source preamplifiers considered here allowed us to first study the HEMT properties and achieve a 30 eVee-scale ionization resolution, they do not fully comply with the CryoCube readout specifications. Due to their low-gain (∼10) and their required lownoise amplifiers at room temperature, the collaboration has developed optimized HEMT-based preamplifiers that will be tested in the coming months [26]. The increased gain of these preamplifiers will lead to a lower sensitivity to environmental noise with a gain of 100. ...
The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30 eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics with a total input capacitance of about 40 pF. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar phonon-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector with a total input capacitance of 250 pF. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance.
... The latter is well suited to study the intrinsic properties of the transistor (e.g. bias curves, gain, and voltage noise), and leads to reasonable output gain of about 10 which is enough to be coupled to low-noise room temperature amplifiers [24]. The HEMTs and drain resistors are mounted on a custom PCB encapsulated in a copper chassis on the MiniCryoCube 1 K stage. ...
... at 5.9 keV for Ge detectors operated at 77 K [30]. This could be explained by both the incomplete charge collection and the eventto-event gain variations expected with these common source preamplifiers which are not in a closed loop configuration [24]. In addition to the 71 Ge K-and Lshell electron capture lines, the energy spectra shown in Fig. 3 exhibit a continuous component rising at the lowest energies. ...
... Though the HEMT-based common source preamplifiers considered here allowed us to first study the HEMT properties and achieve a 30 eVeescale ionization resolution, they do not fully comply with the CryoCube readout specifications. Due to their low-gain (∼10) and their required low-noise amplifiers at room temperature, the collaboration has developed optimized HEMT-based preamplifiers that will be tested in the coming months [24]. The increased gain of these preamplifiers will lead to a lower sensitivity to environmental noise with a gain of 100. ...
The future Ricochet experiment aims to search for new physics in the electroweak sector by measuring the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process from reactor antineutrinos with high precision down to the sub-100 eV nuclear recoil energy range. While the Ricochet collaboration is currently building the experimental setup at the reactor site, it is also finalizing the cryogenic detector arrays that will be integrated into the cryostat at the Institut Laue Langevin in early 2024. In this paper, we report on recent progress from the Ge cryogenic detector technology, called the CryoCube. More specifically, we present the first demonstration of a 30~eVee (electron equivalent) baseline ionization resolution (RMS) achieved with an early design of the detector assembly and its dedicated High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) based front-end electronics. This represents an order of magnitude improvement over the best ionization resolutions obtained on similar heat-and-ionization germanium cryogenic detectors from the EDELWEISS and SuperCDMS dark matter experiments, and a factor of three improvement compared to the first fully-cryogenic HEMT-based preamplifier coupled to a CDMS-II germanium detector. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these results in the context of the future Ricochet experiment and its expected background mitigation performance.
... Lastly, to achieve the CryoCube specifications, we are developing low-noise HEMT-based preamplifiers which, combined with our thermal model predictions, should lead to a baseline heat energy resolution of 10 eV (RMS) [6,7], hence improving by about 40% the resolution with respect to our currently used JFET-based AC-modulated electronics. A new detector holder has been designed to improve microphonic noise. ...
The RICOCHET reactor neutrino observatory is planned to be installed at Institut Laue-Langevin starting in mid-2022. The scientific goal of the RICOCHET collaboration is to perform a low-energy and percentage-precision CENNS measurement in order to explore exotic physics scenarios beyond the standard model. To that end, RICOCHET will host two cryogenic detector arrays : the CryoCube (Ge target) and the Q-ARRAY (Zn target), both with unprecedented sensitivity to O(10)eV nuclear recoils. The CryoCube will be composed of 27 Ge crystals of 38g instrumented with NTD-Ge thermal sensor as well as aluminum electrodes operated at 10mK in order to measure both the ionization and the heat energies arising from a particle interaction. To be a competitive CENNS detector, the CryoCube array is designed with the following specifications : a low energy threshold ($\sim 50$eV), the ability to identify and reject with a high efficiency the overwhelming electromagnetic backgrounds (gamma, betas, X-rays) and a sufficient payload ($\sim 1$kg). After a brief introduction of the future RICOCHET experiment and its CryoCube, the current works and first performance results on the optimization of the heat channel and the electrode designs will be presented. We conclude with a preliminary estimation of the CryoCube sensitivity to the CENNS signal within RICOCHET.
