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Top 100 most-prescribed medications in UK hospitals (Source: https://nursingnotes. co. uk/the-100-most-common-medications-
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Objective: It is commonly reported that medicines have side effects related to dermatological practice. However, it is extremely difficult to establish how commonly, or rarely skin-related medication side effects occur. Common dermatological side effects include rash, pruritus, and photosensitivity. Objective: To demonstrate the dermatological side...
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... In other two studies [19,20], maculopapular rash was seen as the most common reaction in the patients, followed by FDE in 20.8% and urticarial in 12.08%. In study in the UK, rashes were the most common ADRs caused by different categories of drugs [21]. This finding is in agreement with their findings although, the most common ADRs were that of erythematous rash followed by maculopapular rash and acneiform eruptions. ...
Objectives: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients attending dermatology outpatient department (OPD) and to assess causality and severity of the reported cutaneous ADRs, using different scales. Methods: The study involved descriptive through retrospective review of patient medical records for patients who attended dermatology OPD for a period of 9 months. Patients’ records specifying with cutaneous ADRs were taken for the study. Results: The record of 30 patients reported with cutaneous ADRs with certain exclusions was studied. Higher incidence was found among females with 20–40 years of age. The most common presenting symptom was found to be erythematous rash (33%) and the drug groups involved in reactions were NSAIDS, beta-lactams, antitubercular drugs, and antifungals (16.7% each). The most common drug associated with cutaneous ADRs (CADRs) was itraconazole and aceclofenac (16.7% each). On the Naranjo scale, 86% reactions were labeled as “possible” while others as “doubtful”. All the reactions were labeled as mild on Hartwig’s Severity Assessment Scale. Conclusions: Lack of post-treatment follow-up could be a reason for the difference in the causality result as compared to other studies. The data recorded in this study can be utilized as reference for future studies with large population.
Hospital effluents are the main source of pharmaceuticals like analgesics and antibiotics in the environment. This study seeks to determine the occurrence of commonly administered analgesics and antibiotics in hospital effluents and assess their environmental risks. Three replicates effluent samples from 3 hospitals (Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Hospital - KNUST, Kumasi South Hospital - KSH, and Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital - KATH) within Kumasi were sampled and analyzed for occurrence of analgesics (caffeine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and paracetamol); and antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and metronidazole). Samples were prepared for HPLC analysis by filtration and solid phase extraction. Apart from diclofenac and paracetamol detected at concentrations of 0.077–0.555 mg/L and 0.040–0.0440 mg/L respectively, all other pharmaceuticals were below detection levels in KNUST effluent samples. Caffeine (0.060–0.085 mg/L); diclofenac (0.055–0.380 mg/L); paracetamol (0.266–0.510 mg/L); ciprofloxacin (0.044–0.045 mg/L) and metronidazole (0.018–0.042 mg/L) were detected in KSH effluent samples; whilst ibuprofen and amoxicillin were below detection levels. In KATH effluent samples, ciprofloxacin and paracetamol were found at concentrations of 0.029–0.1142 mg/L and 0.074–0.232 mg/L respectively, and the rest were below detection levels. With the exception of the risk quotient (RQ) for ciprofloxacin showing high toxicity for exposure to algae and low toxicity exposure to daphnids and fish, the RQs for all other pharmaceuticals showed low toxicity exposure to algae, daphnids and fish. Pharmaceuticals in hospital effluents pose risk to aquatic life and human health with its associated socio-economic consequences. Thus, hospital effluents must be treated before discharge to avoid or reduce such negative effects.
