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This paper demonstrates the applicationis an appreciation of Straussian Grounded Theory Grounded Theory method in conducting research in complex settings where parameters are poorly defined. It provides a detailed illustration on how this method can be used to build an internationalization theory. To be specific, this paper exposes readers to the b...
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Purpose – This paper aims to study and explore the activities and the use of institutional network resources by industrial business associations (IBAs) to support and facilitate internationalisation processes of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Other goals are to understand the internationalisation follow-up process and the future vision...
In the era of globalisation, non-Anglophone higher education institutions worldwide have begun to offer English courses with the strategic aim of generating funding and proving competitive on a global scale. Along with this, the global employment market seeks graduates who can assimilate into diverse cultural and social contexts. Institutions there...
For the manufacturing industry in particular, networks lead to an increasing interaction between different actors representing a complementary response to insecurity arising from internationalization subjects. The aim of this study is to understand how cooperation networks contribute to the international sustainability of the manufacturing industry...
The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of embeddedness and cooperation networks in the business internationalization process. To achieve the abovementioned purpose, a qualitative methodology was carefully chosen, through which semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten entrepreneurs of the footwear sector in Portugal, as well as w...
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Citations
... The study embraced a theory-driven coding approach to collect and analyze empirical data to generate conceptual categories, systematically demonstrating connections between data and theory and making sense of emerging topics (Braun & Clarke, 2006;Gioia et al., 2013). This methodological approach is characterized by constant comparison with the literature to identify research problems and data gaps, but where the theory emerges from the data (Strauss & Corbin, 1998;Thai et al., 2012). ...
... Four hundred blog posts were qualitatively analyzed in Microsoft Excel (Redmond, WA) using an adaptation of the Grounded theory method. The Grounded theory method uses inductive coding and thematic analysis in order to: 1) use an open coding methodology to code the raw data (open coding), 2) organize codes into themes (axial coding), and 3) generate a conceptual model using the emergent themes (selective coding) [26][27][28][29]. Two separate individuals (S.K. and S.B.) performed this methodology. ...
Purpose
Patients and caregivers impacted by myelomeningocele (MMC) use online discussion board forums to create community and share information and concerns about this complex medical condition. We aim to identify the primary concerns expressed on these forums with the goal of understanding gaps in care that may merit investment of resources to improve care received by this population.
Methods
Anonymous posts from online MMC discussion boards were compiled using internet search engines. Posts were then analyzed using an adaptation of the Grounded Theory Method, a three-step system involving open, axial, and selective coding of the data by two independent researchers to identify common themes.
Results
Analysis of 400 posts written primarily by parents (n = 342, 85.5%) and patients (n = 45, 11.25%) yielded three overarching themes: questions surrounding quality of life, a lack of support for mothers of children with MMC, and confusion with a complex healthcare system. Many posts revealed concerns about management and well-being with MMC, including posts discussing symptoms and related conditions (n = 299, 75.75%), treatments (n = 259, 65.75%), and emotional aspects of MMC (n = 146, 36.5%). Additionally, families, especially mothers, felt a lack of support in their roles as caregivers. Finally, in 118 posts (29.5%), patients and families expressed frustration with navigating a complex healthcare system and finding specialists whose opinions they trusted.
Conclusions
MMC is a complex medical condition that impacts patients and families in unique ways. Analysis of online discussion board posts identified key themes to be addressed in order to improve the healthcare experiences of those impacted by MMC.
... Grounded theory is an approach to interpreting qualitative data that allows for a comprehensive understanding of individual perspectives through the process of (1) coding raw data, (2) categorizing and combining codes into themes, and (3) forming a conceptual (theoretical) model based on the themes 39,40 . Data were analyzed through this three-step process, beginning with open coding (identifying small ideas that signify meaning), followed by axial coding (defining themes from the generated codes), and concluding with selective coding (forming a conceptual model based on the themes that emerged) [40][41][42] . Two authors (A.W.K. and J.K.Y.) independently read and coded all transcripts. ...
Background
The demonstrated benefits of virtual reality (VR) in orthopaedic surgical training are numerous. However, it is relatively unknown how best to implement VR into an already established orthopaedic resident education curriculum and how trainees will engage and use these technologies longitudinally.
Methods
This was an exploratory, qualitative research study performed in accordance with Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guidelines. Orthopaedic surgery residents at a single institution were recruited during the 2022 to 2023 academic year. Semistructured interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed through grounded theory methodology, beginning with open coding, followed by axial coding, and concluding with selective coding that describes orthopaedic surgery residents' current perceptions of VR as a training tool.
Results
Six residents participated in interviews before thematic saturation was achieved. Average interview length was 13:27 (±2:59) minutes. Residents felt that currently, VR is most useful for interns and junior residents as an educational adjunct for learning anatomy, surgical exposures, and the steps of a procedure in a risk- and judgment-free arena. There seems to be a “ceiling effect” with VR given current technological limitations, and residents remarked that there is an associated “opportunity cost” with using VR technology. Some residents may find it more time-efficient to study texts, videos, or surgical guides rather than use VR. Cost (limited number of headsets) and technological barriers (i.e., hardware, software, and Wi-Fi issues) were some of the described barriers to VR utilization. Residents felt that there needs to be dedicated technological support to help with these issues. At this time, given these limitations of VR, many preferred VR as an optional educational adjunct rather than as a required curricular tool or assessment of surgical competency.
Conclusions
There is current utility for VR in orthopaedic surgical training. Future technological advances may make VR more central to resident education. This study describes resident perceptions about the technology and best use practices for the technology.
Level of Evidence
Qualitative Study, Level V Evidence
... The procedure used in this phase was inspired by the Straussian Grounded Theory approach [47], more specifically the coding procedure they propose. Grounded Theory is a data-driven approach to construct a theory from raw data (i.e., data mined from the sources in our final set). ...
... Mai Thi Thanh Thai and her coauthors have demonstrated the benefits and application of Straussian GT for conducting research in complex settings and to internationalize small and medium-sized enterprises based in transition economies. They have described sampling to coding and then to theory formation, explaining the rationale each step of the way (Thai et al., 2012). Windy Rakhmawati has notified that the three approaches of GT, such as classic grounded theory, Straussian grounded theory, and constructivist grounded theory have different points of views concerning the philosophical position, role of literature review, and coding process in data analysis. ...
Grounded theory (GT) has emerged on the basis of different ontological and epistemological assumptions and is considered as a popular research approach in many branches of social science. Two American social scientists; Barney Galland Glaser (1930-2022) and Anselm Leonard Strauss (1916-1996) have founded it in 1967. Since the start of grounded theory in social science researches in 1967; more than 50 years have passed, and it has been using in many branches of social science, such as in nursing, healthcare, physiotherapy, education, economics, anthropology, sociology, political science, psychology, etc. Straussian grounded theory is a very well-known qualitative analysis in the world, and it explores dynamic and new phenomena. Straussian grounded theory researchers do not build their research on prearranged hypotheses; instead, they develop theory of wellbeing for the humanity from the collected data of the reality. In this article an overview and significance of Straussian grounded theory for the qualitative research method has been discussed. This article also provides an understanding about the Straussian grounded theory approach for the novice researchers.
... While the Glaserian School (Glaser, 1992) emphasizes collecting data without leading research questions, the Constructivist School highlights the adoption of symbolic interactionism (Charmaz, 2000). This paper aligns with the Straussian School (Strauss & Corbin, 1998;Thai et al., 2012) as a preliminary literature review of the rural idyll and Shi Wai Tao Yuan was conducted to identify contents that depict rurality before analyzing viewer comments on Li Ziqi's video programs. ...
This paper investigates the key elements of a rural idyll constructed collaboratively by YouTube influencer Li Ziqi and her global audience in order to provide insights on how the imaginaries of a virtual destination help viewers to experience a rural idyll through watching YouTube videos and its implications for rural tourism. We employed grounded theory analysis in analyzing viewer comments to identify several groups of themes that are linked to the theories of Shi Wai Tao Yuan and rural idyll. The paper discusses a rural idyll constructed online and its potential for developing the current system of rural tourism management.
... The field of literature & language is no exception since this is one of the most frequent courses in the typical school curricula. Through the electronic or non-electronic games students can develop their vocabulary [50] both in their mother tongue and in the second foreign language [51][52][53]. ...
... Transforming Classic Learning Games with the Use of AR 53 The HandAction class (see Fig. 2(a)), is responsible for defining the behavior of the virtual hand when interaction occurs with another virtual object in the application. Such actions involve the movement of a virtual object. ...
... The study adopted a grounded theory approach in order to address the first research question. Specifically, the analysis of participants' interview transcripts followed an iterative analysis was conducted as described in Strauss and Corbin [51,52] and Thai, Chong, and Agrawal [53]. The coding operations employed for the data analysis included an open-coding process for concepts and categories, axialcoding for relationship between categories at their property and dimension levels, and selective-coding for our results' formation. ...
The widespread use of chatbots is a reality and their application in higher education is promising. Understanding higher education users’ expectations for the use of chatbots in education is important for the design and development of new solutions. The present investigation documents how higher education users envision the pedagogical uses of chatbots in higher education, and how experts in the domain of education chatbots perceive the potential benefits and challenges related to the use of chatbots in education. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken based on 22 semi-structured interviews with higher-education students and instructors, and experts from the fields of Artificial Intelligence and educational chatbots. Based on our findings, the envisioned pedagogical uses of chatbots can be categorized in terms of chronological integration into the learning process: prospective, on-going, and retrospective. Under each one of those higher-order categories, specific learning domains can be supported (i.e., cognitive, affective), besides administrative tasks. Benefits and challenges foreseen in the use of pedagogical chatbots are presented and discussed. The findings of this study highlight the manner in which higher-education users envision the use of chatbots in education, with potential implications on the creation of specific pedagogical scenarios, accounting also for the learning context, chatbot technology, and pedagogies that are deemed appropriate in each scenario.
... The topic of Connectivist Leadership was explored in a previous literature review (Corbett & Spinello, 2020), a content analysis (Corbett et al., 2018), and a quantitative study (Corbett & Sweeney, 2020). This qualitative grounded theory study was able to capture data to explain the new leadership behavior, outline the practices supporting the behavior, provide a perspective on the behavior, advance a theory on the behavior, and provide clear categories and hypotheses that can be replicated in future research (Thai et al., 2012). Grounded in data, the construction of meaning from this study is as follows: in an age of increased complexity, there is a new understanding of and approach to leadership as a form of connection (to information, people, and emotion) driven by purpose and community. ...
This qualitative, grounded theory study focused on the exploration of leadership arising within
the Asia region. While enduring leadership qualities like strength, humility, resolve, and trust have been foundational in leadership practice globally, scholars have demonstrated that leadership does not exist in absolute terms; it is shaped by the values of local culture, which set expectations for leadership behaviors. This study explored the conceptualization of a more collective and connected form of leadership in the context of a region leading the world with highly networked digital social practices. The question the study explored was, if, and to what extent, leaders and teams in the Asia region are shifting their understanding and practices of leadership, from a process led primarily by an individual to a system of shared and digitally connected relationships. The literature review provided the opportunity to go beyond the mere transferability of heroic Western-centric leadership theories and investigated emerging leadership models in Asia, learning theories in the digital age, and the evolution of leadership theory and organization design. Data collection comprised of forty-two interviews: twenty-nine one-on-one in-depth interviews with research participants based in the Asia region and thirteen global leading experts in networked learning, leadership, and Asian studies. The findings were harnessed in support of the development of a grounded theory, which shifts the heroic leadership paradigm in favor of the discovery of a new leadership model called “Connectivist Leadership.”
Keywords: Leadership, collective leadership, connectivism, digital connectivity, cross- cultural, Asia
... A grounded theory approach is suitable because it explains phenomena, processes and formulates general concepts about a phenomenon that cannot be explained by existing theories. This study uses a grounded theory approach because the researcher tries to understand process-prone symptoms to change, are goal-oriented, and involve intervening conditions that facilitate the appearance of the traits studied [18]. ...
... The focus group discussion involved three kindergarten teachers and three experts in helping researchers understand the concepts and dimensions of workplace well-being for kindergarten teachers. The data analysis technique in this grounded-theory research is a constant comparative analysis technique through 3 stages, namely open coding, axial coding, and selective coding [18]. ...
... Decision models [2,99] Behavioural models [2,5,[100][101][102] Operating models [102,103] ...
In this paper, a structured review was conducted to investigate the internationalisation process of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to define barriers and enablers and identify research gaps in this relevant field. Data were collected from two databases of scientific peer-reviewed articles (i.e., Scopus and Web of Science). After the selection process, 161 papers focusing on SMEs' internalisation were analysed using both descriptive and content analysis. The analysis of the results highlights that SMEs' internalisation is a growing research field, but different research gaps remain to be filled. These gaps concern barriers, impact on performance, models, and theories related to the different phases of the internationalisation process (e.g., start-up, early entrance, international growth). The future research directions identified interesting suggestions and guidelines for future researchers in the field of SMEs internationalisation.
