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The ability of Mn(2+) to follow Ca(2+) pathways upon stimulation transform them into remarkable surrogate markers of neuronal activity using activity-induced manganese-dependent MRI (AIM-MRI). In the present study, a precise follow-up of physiological parameters during MnCl2 and mannitol infusions improved the reproducibility of AIM-MRI allowing in...
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... After entering into cells, Mn 2+ is transported along neurons via microtubule-dependent axonal transport and reaches secondary neurons by transport across synapses, thereby enabling anterograde tracing of associated neural pathways (27)(28)(29). For the study of brain function, activity-induced manganese-dependent MRI (AIM-MRI) is a kind of MEMRI method used to detect preferentially active neural regions during a task such as light, odor, pain, sensory, drug or behavioral stimulation (30,31). This method is directly dependent on the activity of neurons and is independent of hemodynamics (32). ...
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on the strong paramagnetism of Mn²⁺. Mn²⁺ is a calcium ion analog and can enter excitable cells through voltage-gated calcium channels. Mn²⁺ can be transported along the axons of neurons via microtubule-based fast axonal transport. Based on these properties, MEMRI is used to describe neuroanatomical structures, monitor neural activity, and evaluate axonal transport rates. The application of MEMRI in preclinical animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases can provide more information for the study of disease mechanisms. In this article, we provide a brief review of MEMRI use in CNS diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to brain injury and spinal cord injury.
With the increasing development of transgenic mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases allowing improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders, robust quantitative mapping techniques are also needed in rodents. MP2RAGE has shown great potential for structural imaging in humans at high fields. In the present work, MP2RAGE was successfully implemented at 9.4T and 14.1T. Following fractionated injections of MnCl2, MP2RAGE images were acquired allowing simultaneous depiction and T1 mapping of structures in the mouse brain at both fields. In addition, T1 maps demonstrated significant T1 shortenings in different structures of the mouse brain (p < 0.0008 at 9.4T, p < 0.000001 at 14.1T). T1 values recovered to the levels of saline-injected animals 1 month after the last injection except in the pituitary gland. We believe that MP2RAGE represents an important prospective translational tool for further structural MRI.
