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Time-course of hair regrowth of mice treated with Minoxidil, or Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) and/or Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE). ○, normal; ●, Minoxidil (3%) application; △, 18 mg/kg LJE; ▼, 54 mg/kg LJE; □, 54 mg/kg CTE; ■, 162 mg/kg CTE; ◇, 18 mg/kg LJE + 54 mg/kg CTE; ◆, 54 mg/kg LJE + 162 mg/kg CTE.
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Since scalp hair loss has increased recently even in young people, seriously affecting individual's quality of life, the hair growth-stimulating effects of Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) and Cistanche tubulosa extract (CTE) were investigated. After confirming anagen phase of follicles under shaving, male C57BL/6 mice were dermally applied with 3%...
Citations
... Fucoidans extracted from many marine sources, as well as glycosaminoglycans, are known for their bioactivities, including their effects on the skin and hair. Fucoidans obtained from various marine macroalgae promote the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, stimulate hair growth in vitro and in vivo, and have anti-aging properties [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. Glycosaminoglycans, including chondroitin sulphate, have been proven to be skin anti-ageing ingredients/agents/compounds, wound healing promoters, and antiapoptotic agents [56][57][58][59]. ...
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, composed of a diverse range of cell types, non-cellular components, and an extracellular matrix. With aging, molecules that are part of the extracellular matrix undergo qualitative and quantitative changes and the effects, such as a loss of skin firmness or wrinkles, can be visible. The changes caused by the aging process do not only affect the surface of the skin, but also extend to skin appendages such as hair follicles. In the present study, the ability of marine-derived saccharides, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, to support skin and hair health and minimize the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging was investigated. The potential of the tested samples to prevent adverse changes in the skin and hair through stimulation of natural processes, cellular proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix components collagen, elastin, or glycosaminoglycans was investigated. The tested compounds, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, supported skin and hair health, especially in terms of anti-aging effects. The obtained results indicate that both ingredients support and promote the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, provide cells with a supply of sulphated disaccharide GAG building blocks, increase ECM molecule production (collagen and elastin) by HDFa, and support the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen).
... A mixture of several herbal extracts or the Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan formulation has been shown to stimulate hair growth and reduce inflammation via the downregulation of iNOS and transforming growth factor-beta on hair roots [46]. A subsequent study showed the hair-growth-promoting effects of Laminaria japonica and Cistanche tubulosa extract and an anti-inflammatory effect associated with the suppression of NO and PGE2 [47]. ...
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), a hair loss disorder, is a genetic predisposition to sensitive androgens, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Unfortunately, current treatments with synthetic medicines contain a restricted mechanism along with side effects, whereas the bioactive constituents of plant extracts are multifunctional, with fewer side effects. The massive amounts of rice husk and bran are agricultural wastes that may cause pollution and environmental problems. Owing to these rationales, the local rice variety, Bue Bang 3 CMU (BB3CMU), which is grown in northern Thailand, was evaluated for the valuable utilization of rice by-products, husk (BB3CMU-H) and bran (BB3CMU-RB) extracts, for AGA treatment regarding antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-andro-genic activities, and the characterization of bioactive compounds. Our study verified that BB3CMU-H had the highest level of polyphenols, contributing to its greater antioxidant activity. Conversely, BB3CMU-RB was the predominant source of tocopherols, resulting in better anti-androgenic activities regarding the downregulation of steroid 5α-reductase genes (SRD5A). Notably, anti-inflammation via the attenuation of nitric oxide productions was observed in BB3CMU-H (0.06 ± 0.13 μM) and BB3CMU-RB (0.13 ± 0.01 μM), which were significantly comparable to diclofenac sodium salt (0.13 ± 0.19 μM). Therefore, the combination of BB3CMU-H and BB3CMU-RB could be utilized in cosmeceutical and pharmaceutical applications for AGA patients.
... The metabolites from algae, in particular, originate from natural sources are extracted for cosmetic benefits, e.g., extracted compounds provide a remedy for damaged skin and hair. Their use in the cosmetics industry is rapidly increasing, and many efforts are in place for its clinical and safety measures (Alam et al., 2020;Mehta et al., 2018;Shin et al., 2015). The optimal conditions of different algae species can be managed with suitable cultures to enhance both the growth and production of biomolecules. ...
... However, further clinical trials and side effect screening of such a combination of medicine is required for safe application (Lee et al., 2016). Shin et al. (2015) demonstrated that oral treatment with the mixture of two algae species extracts: L. japonica and Cistanche tubulosa, has improved hair growth alopecia. The regrowth of hair was induced by adjusting the doses of both extracts to 54 mg/kg of L. japonica extract and 162 mg/kg of Cistanche tubulosa extract; the results were compared with 3% Minoxidil (a hair-loss medicine) for 21 days on male mice. ...
... The analysis from this study suggests that the two algae extracts helped prevent hair loss due to enzymatic and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, these combinations are recommended for clinical trials assuming doses and ratios are adjusted as per hair regression (Shin et al., 2015). Similar studies have been conducted using a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida on hair growth to compare 3% Minoxidil application. ...
In recent times, a considerable amount of evidence has come to light regarding the effect that air pollution has on skin conditions. The human skin is the chief protection we have against environmental harm, whether biological, chemical, or physical. The stress from these environmental factors, along with internal influences, can be a cause of skin aging and enlarged pores, thinner skin, skin laxity, wrinkles, fine lines, dryness, and a more fragile dermal layer. This knowledge has led to greater demand for skin cosmetics and a requirement for natural raw ingredients with a high degree of safety and efficiency in combating skin complications. Recent developments in green technology have made the employment of naturally occurring bioactive compounds more popular, and novel extraction methods have ensured that the use of these compounds has greater compatibility with sustainable development principles. Thus, there is a demand for investigations into efficient non-harmful naturally occurring raw ingredients; compounds derived from algae could be beneficial in this area. Algae, both macroalgae and microalgae, consists of waterborne photosynthetic organisms that are potentially valuable as they have a range of bioactive compounds in their composition. Several beneficial metabolites can be obtained from algae, such as antioxidants, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA), pigments, polysaccharides, and scytonemin. Various algae strains are now widely employed in skincare products for various purposes, such as a moisturizer, anti-wrinkle agent, texture-enhancing agents, or sunscreen. This research considers the environmental stresses on human skin and how they may be mitigated using cosmetics created using algae; special attention will be paid to external factors, both generally and specifically (amongst them light exposure and pollutants).
... 192) Moreover,astudyonanti-inflammation found that compound 2 not only exhibits antinociceptive effects but also has antioxidant properties. 193) In 2015, Shin et al. 194) from Korea demonstrated that combination oral treatment of Laminaria japonica extract and C. tubulosa extract at appropriate doses and ratios can prevent hair loss and improve alopecia. Their conclusion is consistent with the results ob-tained by Seok from their own country in the same year. ...
Herba Cistanche, known as Rou Cong Rong in Chinese, is a very valuable Chinese herbal medicine that has been recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Rou Cong Rong has been extensively used in clinical practice in traditional herbal formulations and has also been widely used as a health food supplement for a long time in Asian countries such as China and Japan. There are many bioactive compounds in Rou Cong Rong, the most important of which are phenylethanoid glycosides. This article summarizes the up-to-date information regarding the phytochemistry, pharmacology, processing, toxicity and safety of Rou Cong Rong to reveal its pharmacodynamic basis and potential therapeutic effects, which could be of great value for its use in future research.
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... Lifespan elongation antagonize immunosenescence, exhibit analgesic and antiinflammatory properties, improve blood circulation, increase the weights of the seminal vesicle, prostate gland and testes, modulate serum hormone level, induct testicular steroidogenic enzymes, delay accumulation of lactic acid, improve energy storage [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]36] Cardioprotection reduce oxidative stress, inhibit apoptotic pathways, enhance mitochondrial ATP-GC and confer cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury [32,34] Neuroprotection increase neuronal cell differentiation, neurite length, and synapse formation, upregulate NGF [33] Aqueous extract of Herba Cistanches ...
... It has exhibited powerful analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties [24] and has been shown to improve blood circulation by lowering blood cholesterol levels [25]. It also could promote hair growth and relieve dandruff and scalp inflammation [26,27]. Ethanol extract of Cistanche deserticola could increase the weights of the seminal vesicle, prostate gland and testes of castrated young rats [28,29]. ...
The Cistanche species ("Rou Cong Rong" in Chinese) is an endangered wild species growing in arid or semi-arid areas. The dried fleshy stem of Cistanches has been used as a tonic in China for many years. Modern pharmacological studies have since demonstrated that Herba Cistanches possesses broad medicinal functions, especially for use in anti-senescence, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, anti-neoplastic, anti-osteoporosis and the promotion of bone formation. This review summarizes the up-to-date and comprehensive information on Herba Cistanches covering the aspects of the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology, to lay ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Herba Cistanches' anti-aging effect and promote its clinical application as an anti-aging herbal medicine.
... Oral administration of both L. japonica extract at dosage of 54 mg/kg and Cistanche tubulusa extract at dosage of 162 mg/kg exhibited an excellent hair regrowth activity on mice. It has been thought that anti-inflammatory activities of the both plant extracts could play an important role to prevent hair loss and improve alopecia [94]. ...
Fucoidans, sulfated and fucosylated polysaccharides extracted from brown seaweed, were found to inhibit radiotherapy-induced cell damage and fibrosis through the TGF-β1 pathway. However, the comprehensive molecular response during irradiation-induced fibrosis and fucoidan-assisted recovery still remain unclear. Rat hind limbs were irradiated and smeared with low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF). Protein profiles were examined by a mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. Out of a total of 4625 proteins, 233 were found to be significantly up-regulated after irradiation and down-regulated after LMF treatment. Pathway and protein-protein interaction network analyses further indicated that four proteins including Actb, Ezr, Msn and Cdc42 were clustered into the tight junction and regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. These four proteins may serve as biomarkers for the detection of skin fibrosis induced by irradiation or TGF-β1, and for the recovery following LMF treatment.
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Cistanches Herba is an Orobanchaceae parasitic plant. As a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), its traditional functions include treating kidney deficiency, impotence, female infertility and senile constipation. Chemical analysis of Cistanches Herba revealed that phenylethanoid glycosides, iridoids, lignans, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides were the main constituents. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that Cistanches Herba exhibited neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, hormonal balancing, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-tumor effects, etc. The aim of this review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the phytochemistry, pharmacological research and pharmacokinetics studies of the major constituents of Cistanches Herba.
Materials and methods:
The literature search was conducted by systematic searching multiple electronic databases including SciFinder, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar and CNKI. Information was also collected from journals, local magazines, books, monographs.
Results:
To date, more than 100 compounds have been isolated from this genus, include phenylethanoid glycosides, carbohydrates, lignans, iridoids, etc. The crude extracts and isolated compounds have exhibited a wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacologic effects, such as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotection, anti-oxidative, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides, echinacoside and acteoside have attracted the most attention for their significantly neuropharmacology effects. Pharmacokinetic studies of echinacoside and acteoside also have also been summarized.
Conclusion:
Phenylethanoid glycosides have demonstrated wide pharmacological actions and have great clinical value if challenges such as poor bioavailability, fast and extensive metabolism are addressed. Apart from phenylethanoid glycosides, other constituents of Cistanches Herba, their pharmacological activities and underlying mechanisms are also need to be studied further.
This article discusses the mechanisms via topically applied products containing herbs and their active constituents affect the hair growth process. It was reported that the mechanisms involving (1) insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), (2) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), (3) epidermal growth factor (EGF), (4) fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), (5) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), (6) Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, (7) prostaglandin E (PGE), (8) prostaglandin F (PGF) stimulate hair growth, whereas the mechanisms engaging (1) 5α-reductase and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), (2) transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), (3) fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF-5), (4) prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) inhibit hair growth. The knowledge summarized in the paper may be an inspiration to create new preparations for the treatment of hair loss.
