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This product is an improvement on available DC laboratory bench power supply. It is capable of delivering low voltage Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) to carry out basic laboratory experiment for both secondary schools and also at higher education institutions. The power supply is capable of delivering fixed DC voltages of 5V, 9V, 1...
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... trend of this increased is plotted in Figure 4(a), while the voltage drop at around 5V is plotted in Figure 4(b). In order to see the voltage drop during the operation, we have tested the circuit at 12V with a 5W LED bulb as load as presented in Table 3. It was observed that at the fixed voltage of 12V the connected LED bulb remained bright providing illumination for up to 3 hours (180 minutes) with minimum voltage drop. ...
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Carbonaceous compounds being conductive in nature have proved themselves as the best conductive network assembly material with Poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymer matrix which forms dielectric medium. Carbon based compounds are conductive in nature and are being used to form conductive channels for the flow of charge for the application of he...
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... It is becoming rather imperative for the air quality to be monitored and to keep it under control in order to live a healthy and better life. Conventionally, air quality is usually measured using expensive and complicated devices placed in one location [3][4][5]. This approach measures air quality in parts per million (ppm), giving accurate and precise air quality data. ...
... As a result, it is vital to test the hypothesis that significantly increased atmospheric CO2 results in the significant rising of the average temperature of earth's climate system or global warming [13]. Table 1, shows potential health problems depending on the concentration of carbon dioxide in the environment [3]. Concentration Limit for exposure in an industrial work environment (as 8-hour TWA) in most districts. ...
There has been an increase in the number of hazardous gases emitted in the environment due to rapid industrialization. It is becoming very important to monitor the quality of air around so as to take adequate steps in protecting ourselves. This work proposes a mobile air quality monitoring system that is portable enough to be carried around. This system is designed to give real time update on the air quality around. The system contains an air quality sensor, which measures the air quality. The system also contains an LCD screen which displays alerts, warnings and the air quality, in parts per million (ppm), on the screen. A buzzer is also implemented in the system which is triggered when the air quality, is above a certain value. The air quality in different venues in Covenant University were obtained, analysed, and compared with one another. The gases tested in this study include CO2, ammonia, and alcohol. Another experiment was conducted to check the effect that distance has on how the sensor senses the gas. Due to the unavailability of another indoor air quality measuring device for comparison, several data from different locations were taken during the course of this project in order to make comparisons. A significant observation that was made was that increase in temperature is directly proportional to poor air quality. The values of the air quality in H213 in CST ranged from 250 ppm to 275 ppm which shows that the air quality in H213 is good and the environment is conducive. The values of the air quality CST Buttery ranged from 330 ppm to 380 ppm which shows that the air quality in the Buttery is not so good and the environment is not so conducive. When the gas was placed 0 cm to 1.2 cm away from the sensor, the air quality ranged from 1000 ppm to 4500 ppm and when the gas was placed more than 1.2 cm away from the sensor, the air quality ranged from 200 ppm to 500 ppm. This shows that the sensor is more sensitive when the gas is placed close to it.
... Air is an essential element necessary for all living things to survive, and pure air is necessary for a healthy life [1]. The quality of air is crucial as impurities could cause poor air quality in the atmosphere and, once inhaled by humans, could have very adverse effects ranging from tuberculosis to lung cancer [citations]. ...
... The quality of air is crucial as impurities could cause poor air quality in the atmosphere and, once inhaled by humans, could have very adverse effects ranging from tuberculosis to lung cancer [citations]. One of the many challenges that contribute to poor quality of air includes over population, which is a significant issue in Lagos state as too many (1,171.28 square kilometres), the population is quite vast, currently housing over 17 million inhabitants [3]. ...
Air pollution is one of the most dangerous problems we face in the world today. It is the cause of many illnesses like asthma, cancer, bronchitis, congenital disabilities and other diseases that affect the immune system of both humans and non-human animals. Among the factors that characterize the quality of air are temperature and humidity and the level of Carbon dioxide in the environment. This reseaerch involves the design and construction of a device that measures the temperature, humidity and CO 2 levels in an environment, using a DHT11 and MQ135 sensor. The values were compared with the expected values from a trusted website to determine the accuracy of the device. The device was also used to take the temperature, humidity and CO 2 levels of the living room, bedroom, kitchen and balcony in a house to determine the quality of air in the house. The results obtained in the living room and balcony revealed impressive air quality with the temperature and humidity in the safe zone while the level of CO 2 was normal. The air quality in the bedroom was acceptable, although it could do with better ventilation if it is to house more people. The kitchen, however, showed high temperatures at certain hours and high humidity as well as CO 2 levels. It was concluded that improvements are necessary for the ventilation of the kitchen to improve the quality of air.
... The fabricated permeameter has some features that overcome some of the deficiencies of the conventional permeameter. It is alwsys good to use affordable and economical materials for fabrication of devices so that common populace will be able to purchase the items [11,12,13]. The materials used in fabricating this permeameter are home-made improvised materials which eliminate the issue of cost-intensiveness and complexity of the conventional permeameter. ...
Laboratory investigation is one of the major ways of assessing soil hydraulic conductivity. Determination of hydraulic conductivity aids in engineering design of well pumping, prediction concerning spread of polluting fluids, embankment of canal bank affected by seepage, flooding solutions and stability of earth dams. However, different studies have shown that there are alternative models to Darcy’s law which governs the widely use of laboratory measurement of hydraulic conductivity. The deficiencies accustomed to the conventional permeameter such as the time wastage and cost-intensivehas led to different research modification. A low-cost permeameter was fabricated using a plastic column, hose pipe, to serve as water inlet and outlet connected to two manometer tubes to measure the pressure head difference. The hydraulic conductivities measured using the lowcost were 4.31 cm/s, 8.14 cm/s, 6.12 cm/s, 5.86 cm/s for 0.3 mm coarse sand, 0.85-1 mm fine sand, sandy clay and silty clay respectively. In comparison of the fabricated permeameter with conventional permeameter and other fabricated laboratory permeameters, it was observed that the hydraulic conductivity obtained is consistent with the typical permeability range for each soil type.
... Smart programmable power supply has been developed in [1] [2]. Moreover, [2] develop programmable power supply which employ power from photovoltaic. ...
... Smart programmable power supply has been developed in [1] [2]. Moreover, [2] develop programmable power supply which employ power from photovoltaic. Power supply for battery charging has been developed in [3] [4]. ...
The rapid growth of renewable energy sources and the demise of fossil fuels are causing rapid growth of battery application. The lifespan of battery is expected to be long and it is affected by battery charging and discharging. When charging battery, the charger must consider battery type, voltage and temperature. Smart programmable power supply is implemented as battery charger which has flexibility to adjust different parameter such as battery type, nominal voltage, current limit and temperature limit. The smart power supply is reconfigurable by virtual instrument software in personal computer (PC). The smart power supply has voltage range 1.4 to 22 V with 0.1 V resolution and maximum current 2 A with 0.1 A resolution.
... Ayara et al. [13] reviewed the DC laboratory bench power supply that is available and upgraded it to an improved product. The product can deliver low DC voltage and AC voltage for simple experiments in the laboratory. ...
... The sensors act like a switch as it controls the switching of the LEDs. The IR sensors have been applied to several traffic systems [6][7][8][9]. Other uses of electronic device for environmental factors have been listed in [10]. ...
Congestion is a serious issue due to vechicular traffic. One of the known causes of traffic congestion is the amount of time spend waiting for the red light to change to green. The changing of traffic light is hard-coded and it is not reliant on traffic volume. There is therefore need to simulate and optimize traffic control to better accommodate density based traffic rather than time based. This system attempts to lessen possibilities of traffic jams brought about by traffic lights to a reasonable degree. This project, a density based traffic control system is been implemented to solve this problem. The system entails programming an Arduino using Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) to enable traffic lights give the right of access to the road by selecting the lane with the high number of cars. The traffic lights are modified to chip away at an auspicious premise until there is a signal identified by the infrared sensors. The sensor identifies an object (i.e. a vehicle, a motorcycle etc) and signals the Arduino to control the traffic lights for its individual path. Once there is no sign identified by any of the four sensors the traffic lights keep on dealing with an auspicious premise. The mean response time of the sensor was found to be 0.39 seconds. Further research is recommended to produce the device on a large scale to be deployed to all roads in the country.
... Block diagram of WPT mobile charging circuit using inductive coupling [Circuit Diagram of 30 V DC Power Supply[9,10] ...
Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) enables transfer of electric power from the source to electrical load(s) in the absence of any physical link. This mode of transmission is favourable especially when it is not feasible or convenient to connect wires together. In WPT, the most important parameter is the efficiency, where the energy transmitted by the ‘plant’ is obtained by the receiver, thereby defining the economic importance of such system. This study is aimed at showing how electrical energy can be transferred on a near field basis using induction. In order to achieve this aim, the transmitter converts the DC source from an oscillator, with the high frequency AC, which is linked with the wireless power transmitting coil. The experiment showed how electricity can be transmitted at certain distances from a resonating coil. The project showed that the mutual inductance of two coupled coils resonating at a considerably high frequency is proportional to the power output of the systems. It was observed that inductors wrapped around an iron core placed on the same axis to each other with 56 turns of copper wire resulted in a more efficient power transfer and a higher power output than when inductors placed at different axis to each. An instantaneous increase in voltage was also measured while power was gradually built up in the resonating coil. This project can be applied in the industry for the generation transmission of power without conducting cables.
... In weather monitoring, conditions such as temperature, humidity and rainfall or precipitation can be measured using sensors [1]. The advancement of technology has helped in making small and reliable electronic sensors capable of monitoring environmental conditions efficiently [2] [3]. [4] developed a monitoring system where sensors are used in measuring indoor weather and environment based on the conditions mentioned. ...
Temperature and humidity are the most significant weather parameters in human development. The monitoring of temperature and humidity manually has been characterized with inaccurate measurements due to human errors. This project describes the construction of a portable cost effective device for measuring temperature and humidity; it is based on wireless technology. The measuring device obtains temperature and humidity data by using DHT22 sensor. The hardware used for the project includes Arduino Uno, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and DHT22 sensor; the software employed is the Arduino IDE. C programming language was used and the libraries of each component were installed in the Arduino IDE. A program code in the Arduino IDE (sketchbook) was created to enable the DHT22 sensor, LCD and Arduino work. The DHT22 was initialized at 5 V. The readings were gathered serially and transferred to a computer which communicates with the Arduino and displays the values on the LCD for human interface. The device was tested at different locations and different times for two consecutive days. The results show that the cost effective, portable device is able to detect and record temperature and humidity effectively.
The current traffic control systems in the metro urban areas of India are wasteful because of randomness in the rush hour pattern for the duration of the day. The traffic signal clocks make some fixed time period to switch traffic between various directions. The endeavour is to make arrangements for making a density based traffic control where the traffic sign will change accordingly on recognizing the blockage at any convergence. Traffic stop up is a major issue in numerous regions over the world and along these lines, the opportunity has arrived to move dynamically from manual mode or digital mode to a motorized structure with dynamic capacities. Present day traffic framework is fixed timing based system which may be inefficient if one way is operational than the other ones. To smooth out this issue, we have prepared a simulation put together structure with respect to proteus. Once in a while, higher rush hour gridlock on any side of the convergence demands green light with higher time when stood out from standard dispersed time. Thus, we present here an instrument where the timespan of red light and green light is named relying upon the volume of the traffic on the road present around them.KeywordsI2C debuggerSPI debuggerRS232 dynamic simulationProximity infrared obstacle sensorMicrocontroller
Human connectivity is one of the major factors for productivity, especially in a school environment. The development of this watch is aimed at enhancing productivity by increasing the communication of both staff and students in the community. The watch is centred at creating a connected school community that will provide real-time communication to enhance the educational experience for students, staff and management regardless of their location within the school premises. This will enable members of the community to share information in real-time. The watch was designed with the Arduino pro-micro as the main processor. The watch leveraged WI-FI technology using the ESP8266-01 WI-FI module for connecting to a network and receiving of messages. The watch was connected to a secured intranet network. The watch has an average response time of approximately twenty-five (25) seconds to filter the data sent by the server and extract the message. Upon testing the design, the overall current draw of the watch was found to be approximately 78 mA. A lithium battery with a current capacity of 750 mAH was used for this project, which means that the battery will last for approximately nine hours. This kind of project is recommended for school communities so as to increase connectivity and enhance productivity.
