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Bangladesh focuses on green energy sources to be a lesser dependent on imported fossil fuels and to reduce the GHG emission to decarbonize the energy sector. The integration of renewable energy technologies for green hydrogen production is promising for Bangladesh. Hybrid renewable plants at the coastline along the Bay of Bengal, Kuakata, Sandwip,...
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... on utility power needs of fewer electrical appliances and can accommodate within less panel area and no need a big number of batteries which reduces the expenses of the solar energy system. 225 hector of land is enough to accommodate 450,000 (700 W × 450,000 = 315 MW) solar modules where each module capacity is 700 watt with an area of 3.12 m 2 . Fig. 2 shows the SIMULINK generated three-phase V-I measurement signal generated by PV solar system of investigated plant. An extra 35% space is considered to install associated items of the plant. Solar PV array derived power generation unit (part of a plant) design and verified with the SIMULINK successfully to confirm its power generation ...
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... Hydrogen is an essential element; its clean, low-carbon, flexible and efficient energy characteristics can be crucial in the energy transition [9,11,12]. Frequently, the typical scenario of using hydrogen is in industrial processes [13] and generating hydrogen-rich gas for less power generation and cooling [14]. Hydrogen production cost is predicted to decrease by 40 % and 80 %, respectively; it is the only way to make it competitive [15]. ...
... Regarding their most popular use, we can find them such as power for ships [20], power for underwater autonomous vehicles [21], and power for cars [20,22]. Some factors such as flexible operation, high efficiency in partial load, short technical lifetime, and small power output make them suitable for distributed power generation, backup power supply, and off-grid and on-grid power generation [9,11,19,23]. ...
... Since Japan's first Hydrogen Energy Ministerial (HEM) meeting in 2018, many governments and companies have established visions and plans for hydrogen production [10]. Studies are underway to evaluate hydrogen use in cities [24] such as Bangladesh [11]. In addition, on a global scale, they have already been installed in industrial processes to produce electricity and heat. ...
Although widely used for energy production, fossil fuels pose a challenge in the fight against climate change. They are used in various sectors, with construction accounting for 40% of total energy demand.. To address this issue, the article looks at alternative technologies and fuels that can effectively reduce our dependence on fossil fuel-based energy, reduce our carbon footprint, and make existing buildings more self-sufficient. Hydrogen-powered fuel cells have the potential to completely transform energy production in buildings, generating energy on-site and reducing the carbon footprint of existing constructions. This article compares four commercial fuel cell options (SOFC and PEMFC) based on their technical, regulatory, and economic viability. Moreover, the selected equipments, suitable for domestic use and scalable, will be evaluated for their integration into an existing building to provide a proportion and knowledge of space. In conclusion, Equipment B (PEMFC) was chosen for installation after carefully considering the spatial and technical requirements that had to be met. The low maintenance costs of Equipment B played a crucial role, and the use of disruptive technology was in line with the case study strategy. Some parameters, such as space, ventilation, and temperature, are future fuel cell policy benchmarks. The comparison of PEMFC shows a developing competitive sector applicable to our building.
... The feasibility and distribution of these renewable resources will play a pivotal role in determining the viability of H 2 in Bangladesh. A research conducted by Salam, Shaikh [212] reveals that the efficiency rates of a H 2 gas turbine and a PEMFC-based configuration are recorded at 51.9 % and 74 %, respectively. These figures are derived from using an average of 20.80 tons per day of green hydrogen. ...
Bangladesh is a developing country heavily reliant on fossil fuels, which emits toxic gases during its combustion. In that scenario, hydrogen is an eco-friendly fuel source with a calorific value of 120 MJ/kg which is significantly higher than fossil fuels. With a density of 0.09 kg/m3 at 273 K, hydrogen is just 1/14th that of air. Considering the enriched agricultural resources of Bangladesh, biomass gasification emerges as the most advantageous method for hydrogen production. Compared to other methods like steam reforming and electrolysis, biomass gasification offers significant cost advantages. Furthermore, being an overpopulated country generates significant organic waste annually. The mismanagement of these wastes creates problematic situations for both lives and surroundings. This review approaches the way of waste management and hydrogen production and additionally discusses the current scenario, several hydrogen production pathways, utilization, and storage. This study focused on hydrogen production and utilization in Bangladesh, which will help the researchers to identify suitable and cost-effective methods to obtain the decarbonization goal in the energy sector.
... Prospects for application of methane-hydrogen mixture in gas turbines One of the promising directions in the use of hydrogen is its integration in gas turbine plants as an MHM [27,28]. This is due to the fact that the main product of the combustion reaction of hydrogen fuel in air is water vapor, which makes VAM not only a more environmentally friendly fuel compared to pure methane, but also more efficient [29]. ...
... Therefore, hydrogen is a nonpolluting energy carrier and does not cause global warming because it is renewable. Green energy sources Reduce dependency on imported fossil fuels, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and decarbonize the energy sector (Salam et al., 2023). The majority of HHO gas is produced by steam reforming natural gas. ...
HHO gas is one promising alternative as an alternative for fossil fuels, nevertheless, several challenges need to be overcome in order for HHO gas to become a viable option for global use. This paper presentsbibliometric analysis, HHO gases production methods, and challenges of using HHO gas. The primary objective of this review paper is to provide views, assessments, and evaluations of the published literature on HHO gas, both the production and use challenges of HHO gas. This review article uses several software programs including origin for graph visualization, Microsoft excel for processing data, and VOSviewer for analyzing bibliographic mappings. HHO production can be done by adding KOH electrolyte solution. Factors that affect the production of HHO gas include electrolyte properties, electrolyte concentration, and distance between electrodes. An increase in the concentration of the electrolysis solution leads to an increase in the production of HHO gas. The production of HHO gas can also be done with the addition of Na2CO3 or K2CO3 which can produce high H2 gas. The pre-combustion mercury removal technique using coal electrolysis produces hydrogen byproducts with 50% less energy than water electrolysis. A single Pt circuit at TiO2 support (Pt1/def-TiO2) forms a highly efficient photocatalyst for hydrogen production. The main challenges of HHO gas in terms of production, storage, distribution, safety, cost of HHO gas production.
... Salam et al. studied hydrogen gas turbine and hydrogen fuel cell configured power plant performances to observe the feasibility of the green energy transition. They showcased performance analyses of hydrogen gas turbine and fuel cell-based power plants to demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the green energy transition, with fuel cell-based combined cycle configuration showing higher net efficiency compared to hydrogen gas turbine-based configuration (Salam et al., 2023). In their research, Li et al. have reviewed that integrating FCs into microgrids has proven viable approach for delivering cost-effective, technically efficient, clean, quiet, confined, modular, scalable, reliable and community-friendly energy (Li et al., 2019b). ...
Hydrogen has gained tremendous momentum worldwide as an energy carrier to transit to a net zero-emission energy sector. It has been widely adopted as a promising large-scale renewable energy (RE) storage solution to overcome RE resources’ variability and intermittency nature. The fuel cell (FC) technology became in focus within the hydrogen energy landscape as a cost-effective pathway to utilize hydrogen for power generation. Therefore, FC technologies’ research and development (R&D) expanded into many pathways such as cost reduction, efficiency improvement, fixed and mobile applications, lifetime, safety and regulations, etc. Many publications and industrial reports about FC technologies and applications are available. This raised the necessity for a holistic review study to summarize the state-of-the-art range of FC stacks, such as manufacturing, the balance of plant, types, technologies, applications and R&D opportunities. At the beginning the principal technologies to compare the well-known types, followed by the FC operating parameters, are presented. Then the FC balance of the plant, i.e., building components and materials with its functionality and purpose, types and applications, are critically reviewed with their limitations and improvement opportunities. Subsequently, the electrical properties of FCs with their key features, including advantages and disadvantages, were investigated. Applications of FCs in different sectors are elaborated with their key characteristics, current status and future R&D opportunities. Economic attributes of fuel cells with a pathway towards low cost are also presented. Finally, this study identifies the research gaps and future avenues to guide researchers and the hydrogen industry.
... Compared with other energy storage, hydrogen storage in salt caverns has high density and large scale (Zhang et al., 2022c), and the energy storage scale can reach TWh and meet grid-level peak shaving requirements. Meanwhile, as the cleanest energy substance, hydrogen is virtually pollution free through the energy conversion process (Salam et al., 2023), which can make a powerful contribution to energy transformation and low-carbon development. Hydrogen stored in salt caverns can also be used as raw materials for chemical production and other hydrogen energy industries (Meyer et al., 2023;Chebrolu et al., 2023), such as ammonia production and fuel cells. ...
... This hydrogen can be used as a clean energy source in a variety of applications, including transportation, power generation, and industrial processes. While green hydrogen has several benefits, there are some key differences between green hydrogen and other low-energy technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) and energy efficiency measures [176]. ...
... In addition to energy efficiency measures, many steel companies are also exploring the use of low-carbon technologies such as green hydrogen. While the adoption of green hydrogen is still in its early stages, several steel companies have expressed interest in the potential of green hydrogen as a method of decarbonising their operations [176][177][178]. ...
... The differences between green hydrogen and other low energies technologies.Source: author's own work on the basis of[176][177][178][179][180]. ...
The European steel industry is experiencing new challenges related to the market situation and climate policy. Experience from the period of pandemic restrictions and the effects of Russia’s armed invasion of Ukraine has given many countries a basis for including steel along with raw materials (coke, iron ore, electricity) in economic security products (CRMA). Steel is needed for economic infrastructure and construction development as well as a material for other industries (without steel, factories will not produce cars, machinery, ships, washing machines, etc.). In 2022, steelmakers faced a deepening energy crisis and economic slowdown. The market situation prompted steelmakers to impose restrictions on production volumes (worldwide production fell by 4% compared to the previous year). Despite the difficult economic situation of the steel industry (production in EU countries fell by 11% in 2022 compared to the previous year), the EU is strengthening its industrial decarbonisation policy (“Fit for 55”). The decarbonisation of steel production is set to accelerate by 2050. To sharply reduce carbon emissions, steel mills need new steelmaking technologies. The largest global, steelmakers are already investing in new technologies that will use green hydrogen (produced from renewable energy sources). Reducing iron ore with hydrogen plasma will drastically reduce CO2 emissions (steel production using hydrogen could emit up to 95% less CO2 than the current BF + BOF blast furnace + basic oxygen furnace integrated method). Investments in new technologies must be tailored to the steel industry. A net zero strategy (deep decarbonisation goal) may have different scenarios in different EU countries. The purpose of this paper was to introduce the conditions for investing in low-carbon steelmaking technologies in the Polish steel market and to develop (based on expert opinion) scenarios for the decarbonisation of the Polish steel industry.
