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Three-dimensional plot of the principal coordinate analysis of the 66 E. uniflora plants from Barra, Grumari, and Guaratiba populations.
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Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) is widely distributed in tropical areas. It is present in coastal vegetation from Ceara, in northeastern Brazil, to Rio Grande do Sul, at the southern tip of the country. Eugenia uniflora is of ecological importance, both as colonizing species on disturbed land and as food supplier for a wide variety of insects, birds...
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... Furthermore, the high polymorphism values are in agreement with the results observed by Aguiar et al. (2013) who used RAPD-type markers and obtained 79% polymorphism with accessions in an area at an advanced stage of succession and 70% in an area at an initial stage of succession of Surinam cherry populations. They also corroborate with other authors, who evaluated the genetic diversity of Surinam cherry populations with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) markers and obtained similar values, such as Margis et al. (2002) with 91% polymorphism among populations of Surinam cherry in Rio de Janeiro. On the other hand, Salgueiro et al. (2004), obtained 78.05% in fragments of tropical forest and Franzon et al. (2008) 64% of polymorphic loci in two populations in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. ...
... Values similar to those obtained by Aguiar et al. (2013) with 86% similarity in Surinam cherry accessions in an area the initial successional stage and 78% in an area of an advanced successional stage with RAPD markers and by Franzon et al. (2010) who obtained 60.4% similarity in Surinam cherry populations using AFLP markers. However, Margis et al. (2002) and Salgueiro et al. (2004) observed 88% and 78.9% of genetic diversity, respectively, within Surinam cherry populations using AFLP markers. ...
Surinam cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) is a fruit species with the potential for economic exploration. The objective of this study was
to evaluate the genetic variability and cytological stability in 40 accessions of Surinam cherry in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. We used 18 molecular markers of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) to access the genetic variability. The cytological analysis included meiotic behavior, viability, and in vitro germination of pollen and counting the anthers number. The analysis of genetic variability allowed the separation of the accessions into three groups with an average of 9.5 bands amplified by the primer; 8.39 polymorphic bands; 88.57% of polymorphism and 86% genetic similarity. In the cytological analysis, the average normal meiotic cells were 85.07%; average pollen viability was 90.47%; in vitro germination of 44.33%; and the anther/flower average of 54.53. Therefore, the accessions have high genetic similarity and cytological stability.
... DNA Isolation, PCR, and Sequence Analysis-Total genomic DNA was isolated from leaves powdered with liquid N 2 using the 2 3 CTAB method of Doyle and Doyle (1987) and modified by Margis et al. (2002). Alternatively, we used the DNeasy Plant Mini kit (QIAGENV R ), following the manufacturer's instructions for problematic samples. ...
The genus Stigmatodon occurs in vertical and bare granite slopes, typical of the inselbergs of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Here, we present the first broad phylogenetic analysis focused on Stigmatodon , sampling a total of 83 terminals, including 16 of the 20 species of the genus and the morphologically similar species of Vriesea . We conducted a phylogenetic analysis using two plastid markers ( matK and rps16-trnK ) and the nuclear gene PHYC to infer phylogenetic relationships and reconstruct ancestral states for ecological and morphological characters. Our results suggest the monophyly of Stigmatodon as originally circumscribed is only possible with the inclusion of morphologically and ecologically similar Vriesea species. In addition, the morphological and anatomical traits led us to propose a new circumscription for the genus, combining eight species of Vriesea to Stigmatodon as S. andaraiensis , S. freicanecanus , S. lancifolius , S. limae , S. oliganthus , S. pseudoliganthus , S. vellozicolus , and S. zonatus . The stomata positioned above the ordinary epidermal cells, the adaxial water-storage parenchyma with axially elongated cells, the stamens positioned in two groups of three on each side of the corolla, and the tubo-laciniate stigma are exclusive to Stigmatodon in its new circumscription. These new morphological and phylogenetic results constitute a relevant contribution to the taxonomy and evolution of Bromeliaceae, one of the most diverse and ecologically important families of flowering plants of the Neotropics.
... The first studies addressing population genetics based on molecular markers in Neotropical Myrtaceae were published in 2002(Jensen et al., 2002Margis et al., 2002). Since then, studies in this area have increased, mostly based on studies of SSR markers (Fig. 4). ...
Myrtaceae are one of the largest families of flowering plants and are widely distributed in the Neotropics, where they are mainly represented by the tribe Myrteae. Myrteae are the most species-rich tribe of Myrtaceae and include groups with significant ecological and economic importance. Myrteae are considered to be a model group for biodiversity studies in the Neotropics, and so understanding the history of their diversification in this area is extremely important. The last decade has witnessed an increase in macro- and microevolutionary studies of the group, and summarizing this knowledge is now crucial to plan future steps in research on Myrteae. Here we provide the first overview of evolution and diversification studies on Myrteae, highlighting recent advances in understanding their evolutionary history. We discuss biogeography, phylogeny, phylogeography, population genetics, genomics and cytology in light of current knowledge. Finally, we provide perspectives and open hypotheses to be tested in future studies to fill gaps in the evolutionary knowledge of specific groups/taxa in Myrteae.
... DNA extraction and amplification -DNA extraction and purification were performed according to the protocol described by Doyle & Doyle (1990) with the modifications implemented by Margis et al. (2002). DNA concentration was estimated by electrophoresis, using 1.0% agarose gels (w/v) prepared in 0.5X TAE buffer (Tris-acetate-EDTA), comparing band patterns to Lambda DNA standards (25, 50 and 100 ηg). ...
Stigmatodon Leme, G.K.Br. & Barfuss is one of the most representative Bromeliaceae genera that grow on the steepest slopes of the inselbergs of southeastern Brazil. Inselberg environments are characterized as islands due to their restricted, disjunct distribution and geographical isolation. These features make these sites interesting models for evolutionary and population genetic studies. In this study we report, the cross-species transferability of nuclear microsatellite markers, originally developed for other Bromeliaceae, to four Stigmatodon species: Stigmatodon brassicoides, S. costae, S. goniorachis and Stigmatodon sp. nov. Twenty-four microsatellite markers were tested, and 12 of these were successfully amplified in the four studied species. In S. brassicoides and S. costae, 10 markers showed amplification with polymorphism, and in Stigmatodon sp. nov and S. goniorachis, all 12 markers showed polymorphisms. The number of alleles ranged from two to four in S. brassicoides; from two to three in S. costae; from two to six in Stigmatodon sp. nov; and from two to seven in S. goniorachis. H O values ranged from 0.05 (P2P19 locus) in S. brassicoides to 0.689 (VgA04 locus) in S. goniorachis. The set of amplified microsatellite markers described in this study will be a useful tool for addressing various evolutionary, ecological and conservation aspects of Stigmatodon species.
... A voucher from this population is deposited in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Herbarium Collection (RB 427225). DNA was isolated using the CTAB extraction method described by Margis et al. (2002). Samples were genotyped for six microsatellite loci by cross-species amplification from other bromeliad species. ...
Gene movement in plants is determined by seed and pollen flow and its limitation results in spatial structuring of genetic variation, affecting potential levels of inbreeding within populations. In clonal plants, clonal propagation may also play an important role in spatial genetic structure (SGS). Characterization of SGS usually is done by analysing several spatial scales with large sample sizes to ensure a reliable measure. Several sampling strategies are available, but most are not suitable for clonal plants. Here, two sampling strategies were used to characterize within-population SGS structure and gene dispersal in a natural population of the clonal species Aechmea nudicaulis (Bromeliaceae) and the results between them were compared. The first was based on exhaustive sampling in a rectangular closed area, and the second was a stratified design along a linear transect. Different intensities and patterns of SGS were detected for each design and the linear design revealed stronger SGS over a wider range. The significant SGS revealed a restricted dispersal and comparisons of sexual versus vegetative components of gene dispersal suggest that clonal spread can be at least as important as sexual reproduction. Thus, the results suggest that for clonal plants the best strategy is the combination of both sampling schemes since each one unveils important aspects of spatial structure of the population.
... Eugenia uniflora L. ('pitanga' or Brazilian cherry) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and is a common species in Brazilian coastal vegetation [25]. E. uniflora grows in a variety of phytogeographic regions in the Atlantic Forest domain [26], occurring in regions with different soil and climate conditions, from the state of Rio Grande do Sul to the state of Pernambuco in Brazil, as well as in northeastern Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay [27]. ...
Eugenia uniflora is an Atlantic Forest native species, occurring in contrasting edaphoclimatic environments. The identification of genes involved in response to abiotic factors is very relevant to help in understanding the processes of local adaptation. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) is one interesting gene to study in this species since it encodes a key enzyme of proline biosynthesis, which is an osmoprotectant during abiotic stress. Applying in silico analysis, we identified one P5CS gene sequence of E. uniflora (EuniP5CS). Phylogenetic analysis, as well as, gene and protein structure investigation, revealed that EuniP5CS is a member of P5CS gene family. Plants of E. uniflora from two distinct environments (restinga and riparian forest) presented differences in the proline accumulation and P5CS expression levels under growth-controlled conditions. Both proline accumulation and gene expression level of EuniP5CS were higher in the genotypes from riparian forest than those from restinga. When these plants were submitted to drought stress, EuniP5CS gene was up-regulated in the plants from restinga, but not in those from riparian forest. These results demonstrated that EuniP5CS is involved in proline biosynthesis in this species and suggest that P5CS gene may be an interesting candidate gene in future studies to understand the processes of local adaptation in E. uniflora.
... A voucher from this population is deposited in the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden Herbarium Collection (RB 427225). DNA was isolated using the CTAB extraction method described by Margis et al. (2002). Samples were genotyped for six microsatellite loci by cross-species amplification from other bromeliad species. ...
Gene movement in plants is determined by seed and pollen flow and its limitation results in spatial structuring of genetic variation, affecting potential levels of inbreeding within populations. In clonal plants, clonal propagation may also play an important role in spatial genetic structure (SGS). Characterization of SGS usually is done by analysing several spatial scales with large sample sizes to ensure a reliable measure. Several sampling strategies are available, but most are not suitable for clonal plants. Here, two sampling strategies were used to characterize within-population SGS structure and gene dispersal in a natural population of the clonal species Aechmea nudicaulis (Bromeliaceae) and the results between them were compared. The first was based on exhaustive sampling in a rectangular closed area, and the second was a stratified design along a linear transect. Different intensities and patterns of SGS were detected for each design and the linear design revealed stronger SGS over a wider range. The significant SGS revealed a restricted dispersal and comparisons of sexual versus vegetative components of gene dispersal suggest that clonal spread can be at least as important as sexual reproduction. Thus, the results suggest that for clonal plants the best strategy is the combination of both sampling schemes since each one unveils important aspects of spatial structure of the population. ADDITIONAL KEYWORDS: Aechmea nudicaulis-Bromeliaceae-gene flow-genet-microsatellite-ramet-restinga-SGS-tropical forest.
... Despite its importance, few initiatives have been developed towards generating genetic and genomic information on E. uniflora. Genetic studies about E. uniflora have mainly described the characterization of SSR molecular markers (Ferreira-Ramos et al. 2008Sarzi et al. 2019) and the application of AFLP and cpSSR markers in population genetic studies (Margis et al. 2002;Salgueiro et al. 2004). Genomic data about identification of micro-RNAs (Guzman et al. 2012) and a de novo assembly of the transcriptome aiming to identify genes from the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway (Guzman et al. 2014) were just recently published for E. uniflora. ...
In this study, the Ion Torrent PGM platform was employed to conduct a whole-genome sequencing analysis of Eugenia uniflora L., aiming to generate new genomic information for this non-model species. The whole-genome set of assembled sequences (WGSAS) generated 2601 contigs, with a cumulative length of 3.15 Mbp. About 2.60% of the WGSAS was characterized by repetitive sequences, while 71.66% of the WGSAS was represented by predicted genes. A total of 147 metabolic pathways related to enzymes characterized in the E. uniflora WGSAS were detected. Proteins related to antifungal activity and to bacterium and fungi defense response as well as transcriptions factors related to abiotic stress responses were also identified. This sequencing provides important genomic resources for future breeding and selection regarding plants with higher production of such metabolites, as well as source of genes for genetic engineering of cultivated species, supporting a wide application of marker-assisted and genomic selection, towards the establishment of commercial orchards with improved cultivars of E. uniflora.
... The E. uniflora is often used for therapeutic purposes (SCHAPOVAL et al., 1994;OGUNWANDE et al., 2005;OLIVEIRA et al., 2005), by the cosmetics industry (MELO et al., 2007) and in forest restoration areas, being ecologically important as a colonizing species in disturbed areas NAVE, 2000;BOTREL et al., 2002;BIANCHINI et al., 2003;PINTO et al., 2005), as well as food for local wildlife (MARGIS et al., 2002). ...
Natural products extracted from plants have always played an important role in the discovery of bioactive substances. This work carried out a review of the literature on the bioactive activities of Eugenia uniflora L. (Surinam cherries), as a potential plant in the various uses, be it medicinal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, insecticide and protective. In the literature, studies were found to confirm the antibacterial activity of E. uniflora leaves extract on Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The presence of antioxidant compounds as total phenolics, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids, induction in the protection of plants by phytoalexins, as well as insecticidal and anthelmintic effects by the use of the extract of the E. uniflora tree. Although these different potential biotics of E. uniflora have already been reported, further studies are still needed on the use of natural products extracted from E. uniflora for employment for different purposes.
... Coding, rRNA, tRNA and conserved noncoding sequences (CNS) are shown as indicated by inner legend (Provan et al. 2001). In this work, we identified some SSRs that can be utilized to increase our understanding of the genetic structure of E. uniflora populations (Margis et al. 2002;Salgueiro et al. 2004;Ferreira-Ramos et al. 2008). Understanding the effects of spatial isolation on the levels of genetic diversity and gene flow is crucial to providing recommendations for in situ and ex situ conservation of the species. ...
Eugenia uniflora is a plant native to tropical America that holds great ecological and economic importance. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of Eugenia uniflora, a member of the Neotropical Myrtaceae family, is reported here. The genome is 158,445 bp in length and exhibits a typical quadripartite structure of the large (LSC, 87,459 bp) and small (SSC, 18,318 bp) single-copy regions, separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,334 bp). It contains 111 unique genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs. The genome structure, gene order, GC content and codon usage are similar to the typical angiosperm cp genomes. Comparison of the entire cp genomes of E. uniflora L. and three other Myrtaceae revealed an expansion of 43 bp in the intergenic spacer located between the IRA/large single-copy (LSC) border and the first gene of LSC region. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed that most SSRs are AT rich, which contribute to the overall AT richness of the cp genome. Additionally, fewer SSRs are distributed in the protein-coding sequences compared to the noncoding regions. Phylogenetic analysis among 58 species based on 57 cp genes demonstrated a closer relationship between E. uniflora L. and Syzygium cumini (L). Skeels compared to the Eucalyptus clade in the Myrtaceae family. The complete cp genome sequence of E. uniflora reported here has importance for population genetics, as well as phylogenetic and evolutionary studies in this species and other Myrtaceae species from Neotropical regions.
