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Three different configurations of printed dipole antennas with the artificial magnetic conductor reflector; (a) horizontal and orthogonal polarized directions (b) orthogonal polarized directions and (c) horizontal polarized directions
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Abstract A low‐profile printed dipole antenna (PDA) backed by a broadband Giuseppe Peano fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communications. A suggested PDA with a pair of microstrip dipoles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the bandwidth range of 5.5–6.96 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). Then, the s...
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A low profile four‐element multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) array of printed dipole antenna (PDA) backed by second iteration of Giuseppe Peano fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for broadband wireless communications. First, a suggested PDA with a pair of microstrip E‐shaped dipoles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedl...
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A low profile printed dipole antenna (PDA) backed by broadband Giuseppe Peano fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communications. First, a suggested PDA with a pair of microstrip dipoles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the bandwidth in the range of 5.96–7.04 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). Then, t...
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Citations
... AMC structure has been extensively applied in microstrip phased antennas, patch antennas, dipole antennas, cavity antennas, and chip antennas [16][17][18][19][20][21]. AMC structure is constructed by a periodic high-impedance electromagnetic surface, which can produce constructive reflections with the incident wave for a certain frequency range so that the electromagnetic wave can be localized more thoroughly. ...
The suppression of the crosstalk in a CMOS THz detector is essential for enhancing the performance of detector arrays; however, it presents several technical challenges at the chip level. In this paper, a novel structure featuring a mushroom-like artificial magnetic conductor (M-AMC) is developed to suppress the crosstalk between CMOS THz detectors with on-chip antennas. Three-dimensional simulation results show that the M-AMC structure, which is designed by metal Al and doped-Si materials in the CMOS process, not only reduces the transmission coefficient of the electromagnetic wave between adjacent pixels but also enhances the electric field of the target pixels. A 0.65 THz detector array with a M-AMC structure based on the on-chip antenna was fabricated. Experimental results present that after implanting the M-AMC structure, the noise equivalent power (NEP) at the central frequency of pixels significantly decreases by 315.5%. Moreover, the distribution of NEP becomes more uniform, as evidenced by a reduction in the standard deviation coefficient of 26.3%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the method in suppressing crosstalk and improving the responsivity of CMOS THz detectors, which can be used for high-performance THz detector arrays.
... -Designing a low profile printed antenna loaded with the planar AMC surface for wideband applications with improved radiation performance. For this purpose, the suggested design compared with the previous research works with planar AMCs like [6], [19], [20], [29], and [31]- [37] introduces a broader bandwidth of 70% and a higher gain of 11.1 dBi with enhanced impedance matching over the operating bandwidth until -40 dB. For example, a proposed MIMO array in [19] with the size of 75×75×12.7 mm 3 indicates a wide bandwidth of 3-4.1 GHz and maximum gain of 7.1 dBi. ...
A low-profile printed slot antenna (PSA) backed by broadband planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced in this study. Firstly, a suggested PSA with the radiating tapered slots excited by coplanar-waveguide (CPW) is used to expand the bandwidth in the measured range of 9-11 GHz (S11≤ -10 dB). Then, the suggested planar AMC surface as the ground plane of the antenna is inserted into the PSA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The realized result from the PSA with the 9×9 planar AMC array exhibits -10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 6.63 to 13.73 GHz (70%). The suggested PSA with AMC compared to the PSA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 60%, enhanced bandwidth of 50%, and excellent impedance matching with a minimum value of almost -40 dB. The novel AMC unit cell is realized to operate at 10.14 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 8-12.35 GHz (43.1%) for X-band operation. Besides, by loading a periodic AMC unit cells into PSA, a high gain of more than 11 dBi with uni-directional radiation patterns is achieved.
... Recently, by ameliorating the variety of integrated circuit technologies, the broadband AMC surfaces in the low profile microstrip antennas are impressively utilized with improved features. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In Ref. 30, a low profile circular polarized dipole antenna with the AMC surfaces like a reflector plate is reported to provide a broadband antenna with a higher gain. This antenna loaded by AMC with a total size of 240 mm  240 mm includes the impedance bandwidth in 1. 19-2.37 GHz with the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 1.25-1.97 ...
A low profile printed dipole antenna (PDA) backed by broadband Giuseppe Peano fractal artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communications. First, a suggested PDA with a pair of microstrip dipoles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the bandwidth in the range of 5.96–7.04 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). Then, the suggested Giuseppe Peano fractal AMC surface as a reflector of the antenna is inserted into the PDA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The PDA with the 6 × 6 Giuseppe Peano AMC array exhibits −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth of 4.95–7.05 GHz (35%) for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 38%, enhanced gain up to 8.2 dBi, and excellent impedance matching (at least −20 dB) with directional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the Giuseppe Peano fractal patch to operate at 6.10 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.15–7.10 GHz (32%). Besides, by loading 12 × 12 AMC reflector into the four‐element array of PDA, low profile wideband structure with enhanced radiation properties are achieved. The measured results show the broad bandwidths of 5–7 GHz for all elements with enhanced gains and good isolations between the elements (more than 24 dB) for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems.
... A low phase-noise (PhN) oscillator is reported and realized with a compact Giuseppe Peano fractal resonator in [28]. Recently, by ameliorating the variety of integrated circuit technologies, the broadband AMC surfaces in the low profile microstrip antennas are impressively utilized with improved features [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In [30], a low-profile circular polarized dipole antenna with the AMC surfaces like a reflector plate is reported to provide a broadband antenna with a higher gain. ...
A low-profile 16-element printed dipole antenna (PDA) array supported by broadband Giuseppe Peano artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communication systems. Firstly, a suggested PDA with a pair of the microstrip dipoles excited by an T-shaped microstrip feedline is used to expand the bandwidth in the measured range of 5.35–6.7 GHz (S11 ≤ − 10 dB). Then, the suggested second iteration Giuseppe Peano AMC reflector is inserted into the PDA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The realized result for the PDA with the 3 × 3 Giuseppe Peano AMC array with second iteration exhibits − 10 dB measured bandwidth from 4.50 to 7.20 GHz (more than 46%) for WLAN/ WiMAX and 5G applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 35%, enhanced gain up to 8 dBi, and excellent impedance matching (at least − 18 dB) with uni-directional radiation patterns. By loading a 12 × 12 AMC reflector into the sixteen-element array of PDA, a low profile wideband structure with enhanced radiation properties is achieved. The measured S-parameters show the broad bandwidth from 4.46 to 7.02 GHz in C-band with enhanced gains of all elements and the suitable isolation of more than 28.5 dB for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Besides, the novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the recognized method as second iteration Giuseppe Peano fractal patch to operate at 6.10 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.15–7.10 GHz (32%).
... Recently, by improving the variety of integrated circuit technologies, the broadband AMC surfaces in the low-profile microstrip antennas are impressively utilized with improved features (Feng et al., 2017;J. Liu et al., 2020;Joubert et al., 2012;Malekpoor et al., 2022;Raad et al., 2013;Turpin et al., 2014;Zhong et al., 2015). In Feng et al. (2017), a low-profile circular polarized dipole antenna with the AMC surfaces like a reflector plate is reported to provide a broadband antenna with a higher gain. ...
A 1 × 4 array of printed dipole antenna (PDA) with a broadband rhomboid artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced. A suggested PDA using a pair of microstrip dipoles with unequal arms excited by a T‐shaped microstrip feedline expands the bandwidth in the measured range of 5.27–6.74 GHz. Then, the suggested 3 × 3 AMC reflector is inserted into the PDA to exhibit −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 4.20 to 7.11 GHz for WLAN and WiMAX applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 46.72%, enhanced gain up to 8.4 dBi, and excellent impedance matching with unidirectional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell operates at 6.20 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.09–7.21 GHz. Also, by loading a 3 × 8 AMC periodic array on a FR4 substrate with 3 mm thickness underneath the four‐element array of PDA with a gap distance of 3 mm, a low‐profile wideband structure with enhanced radiation properties is achieved. The measured S‐parameters show the broad bandwidth from 4.26 to 7.28 GHz with enhanced gains and efficiencies of all elements. Besides, the suitable isolation between the array elements of more than 30 dB for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems is achieved by applying various polarized directions of PDAs and loading the 3 × 8 periodic AMC reflector. Finally, the proposed MIMO design introduces remarkable advantages of good size reduction and bandwidth enhancement, low‐profile antenna with high stable gain, high efficiency and large isolation, and unidirectional radiation patterns with reduced backside direction.
... 30 In Hadarig et al., 31 a bandwidth of 4.4% at the resonance of 6.2 GHz is demonstrated to acquire a compact AMC unit cell with relatively acceptable angular stability. Recently, by improving the variety of integrated circuit technologies, the broadband AMC surfaces in the low-profile microstrip antennas are impressively utilized with improved features [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] In Feng et al., 33 a low-profile circular polarized dipole antenna with the AMC surfaces like a reflector plate is reported to provide a broadband antenna with a higher gain. This antenna loaded by AMC with a total size of 240 mm  240 mm includes the impedance bandwidth in 1.19-2.37 ...
A low‐profile eight‐element printed dipole antenna (PDA) array backed by broadband rhomboid artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced for wireless communication systems. By loading a 4 × 27 AMC reflector into the eight‐element array of PDA, a low‐profile wideband structure with enhanced radiation properties is achieved. The measured S parameters show the broad bandwidth from 4.75 to 7.05 GHz in C‐band with enhanced gains of eight elements (more than 8 dBi) and the suitable isolation between the array elements of more than 23 dB for multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) systems. The suggested PDA with a pair of the microstrip meandered folded poles excited by an E‐shaped microstrip feedline expands the bandwidth in the range of 5.85–6.95 GHz (S11 ≤ −10 dB). The novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the recognized method as rhomboid coupled parasitic patches. The rhomboid AMC design operates at 6.26 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 5.20–7.24 GHz (32.8%). Then, the suggested rhomboid AMC surface as a reflector of the antenna is inserted into the PDA to exhibit −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 4.94 to 6.93 GHz (more than 33%) for wireless local area network (WLAN) and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The suggested PDA with AMC compared to the PDA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 34%, enhanced gain up to 8 dBi, and excellent impedance matching (at least −20 dB) with directional radiation patterns.
The increasing demand for wireless communication has emphasized the need for multiband antennas. This study presents a novel design for a multiband antenna with reduced specific absorption rate (SAR), high gain, and improved front-to-back ratio (FBR) achieved through the integration with a 4 × 4 artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) surface. The proposed antenna covers a wide range of wireless frequency bands, including Industrial, Scientific, and Medical, Wireless Local Area Network, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, Wi-Fi 6E, and 7, with resonating frequencies at 2.4, 3.2, 5.5, 7.5, and 10 GHz. The AMC unit cell creates four zero-degree reflection phases with double negative properties at 2.5, 3.8, 5.5, and 7.5 GHz. The compact design measures 0.23λ0 × 0.296λ0 × 0.0128λ0 and placed 0.104λ0 above an AMC surface of size 0.512λ0 × 0.512λ0 × 0.1296λ0. This structure enhances the gain by up to 8.55dBi at 6.01 GHz. The proposed antenna has −10 dB impedance bandwidth for these corresponding frequencies viz 2.34–2.43 GHz (3.77%), 2.81–3.83 GHz (30.72%), 4.82–6.21 GHz (25.20%), 7–7.65 GHz (8.87%), and 8.06–10.31 GHz (24.5%). An overall average percentage reduction value of SAR taken at these frequencies has been found to be 96.11% with AMC structure. The antenna sample was successfully fabricated, and the experimental results have been found to match well with the simulation results. This integrated design offers a promising solution for wearable off-body communication devices.
A 2×2 array of printed antenna loaded by planar Giuseppe Peano artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is presented for vehicular wireless systems. The four-element of the proposed array by utilizing diverse polarized directions of the printed dipoles with a 5×5 AMC reflector achieves a wideband antenna with enhanced properties. It shows the measured S-parameters of the wide bandwidths from 3.30 to 6.02 GHz with increased stable gains and efficiencies (more than 90%) for all elements. Moreover, the appropriate isolation of greater than 30 dB between the elements is achieved. The proposed design of the printed dipoles includes T-shaped microstrip dipoles and a feedline system as a T-shape to broaden the bandwidth in 4.7-6.02 GHz (S
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≤ -10 dB). By utilizing the 3×3 Giuseppe Peano AMC reflector into the one element of the printed dipole, enhanced radiation efficiency and -10 dB measured bandwidth from 3.26 to 6.02 GHz (60%) is achieved for vehicular wireless systems. The proposed design with AMC with respect to the antenna without AMC indicates a reduced size of 70%, increased gain up to 8.4 dBi, and uni-directional radiation patterns. The new AMC unit cell is configured by the Giuseppe Peano design to resonate at 5.36 GHz in 4.27-6.34 GHz (39%). Finally, the suggested equivalent transmission line model of the 2×2 array with AMC surface is introduced with a suitable agreement between the results of reflection coefficients.
A low profile printed slot antenna (PSA) backed by broadband planar artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced in this study. Firstly, a suggested PSA with the radiating tapered slots excited by coplanar-waveguide (CPW) is used to expand the bandwidth in the measured range of 9–11 GHz (S11 ≤ –10 dB). Then, the suggested planar AMC surface as the ground plane of the antenna is inserted into the PSA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The realized result from the PSA with the 5 × 7 planar AMC array exhibits ‒10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 6.63 to 13.70 GHz (almost 70%). The suggested PSA with AMC compared to the PSA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 59.7%, enhanced bandwidth of almost 50%, and excellent impedance matching with uni-directional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell is realized to operate at 10.14 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 8–12.35 GHz (43.1%) for X-band operation. Besides, by introducing a specific method based on the reflection results of the equivalent waveguide feed, the number of AMC unit cells is investigated to obtain an optimal AMC array. In this approach, an equivalent waveguide feed corresponding to the center operating frequency is considered to choose the number of AMC array reflector.
A low profile printed slot antenna (PSA) backed by broadband stacked artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is introduced in this study. First, a suggested PSA with the radiating tapered slots excited by coplanar-waveguide (CPW) is used to expand the bandwidth in the measured range of 9.05–10.95 GHz ( S 11 ≤ −10 dB). Then, the suggested stacked AMC surface as the ground plane of the antenna is inserted into the PSA to gain improved radiation efficiency. The realized result from the PSA with the 11 × 17 stacked AMC array exhibits −10 dB measured impedance bandwidth from 6.97 to 13.34 GHz (62.73%). The suggested PSA with AMC compared to the PSA without AMC exhibits a size reduction of 52%, enhanced bandwidth of almost 44%, and excellent impedance matching with uni-directional radiation patterns. The novel AMC unit cell is realized based on the recognized method of stacked elements. The stacked AMC design operates at 10.63 GHz with an AMC bandwidth of 8–12.84 GHz (45.8%) for X-band operation. Besides, by introducing a specific method based on the reflection results of the equivalent waveguide feed, the number of AMC unit cells is investigated to obtain an optimal AMC array. In this approach, an equivalent waveguide feed corresponding to the center operating frequency is considered to choose the number of AMC array reflector.
