figure 7 - uploaded by Kirk Hazen
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Representations of the Appalachian region since the Civil War have cast its people in a uniformly negative light, a perception extended to the region's speech, generally regarded as Southern. Determining the geographic borders of the "true" Appalachia may be a futile quest, but an empirical assessment of the "Southernness" of Appalachian Englishes...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... 18), the southern boundary of words like run 'small stream' and smear case 'cottage cheese' is in the southern part of West Virigina, between Charleston and Huntington. It is telling that Kurath's North Midland and South Midland forms overlap for the great majority of West Virginia. Also intersecting the region are the West Midland forms (1949, fig. 17), which cover a great deal of ARC's designated Appalachia and almost all of West Virginia. What is clear from the overlapping regional forms in Kurath (1949) is that no one area corresponds to the government's definition of ...
Context 2
... combination with the isogloss for speakers who have the /O/ back upglide greater than 20% of its duration, "these three Southern isoglosses are remarkable for their high consistency and low leakage; it is generally true that Southern features are limited to the Southern region" (125). With this bundle of isoglosses, Labov, Ash, and Boberg (2006) evenly divide Appalachia into a northern and southern region, as seen in figure 7. This kind of divide is a common theme across most atlases. ...
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Citations
... Irons (2007) found that loss of the upgliding associated with the /O/, or THOUGHT, vowel, a traditional Southern feature, contributed directly to the merger of /O/ into the /A/, or LOT, vowel in Kentucky. More recently, Hazen et al. (2016) and Hazen (2018) demonstrated that a recession of Southern realizations of the /i/ (FLEECE), /I/ (KIT), /ei/ (FACE), and /E/ (DRESS) vowels is occurring across West Virginia. The other group of leveling studies has examined the replacement of traditional Southern vowel forms in urban centers of the South. ...
Although the U.S. South was usually avoided for phonetic studies in earlier years, phonetic analyses of Southern U.S. English have expanded in numerous directions in recent years. Studies of vocalic variation have dominated the enterprise, with a broad range of studies that have examined the phonetic peculiarities and distribution of variants within the region, the characteristics of particular communities, and the phonetic attributes of African American and Latino groups. However, other phonetic phenomena are finally seeing more study. Several consonantal variables have attracted acoustic analysis. Other studies have focused on intonation and certain timing-related phenomena. Numerous experimental studies have tested the abilities of listeners to identify dialects and a few other perceptual issues. These developments are outlined here, including advancements in segmental, prosodic, and perceptual analyses.
Regional identity does not always neatly correspond to geography. In the cognitive conception of many people, Appalachia is located firmly in the American South although the official boundaries range from Alabama to New York. There are undoubtedly differing levels of regional affliation even by people who orient toward the region. The core area of Appalachian identity, with the strongest regional affiliation, is located in the Southern Appalachian subregion and includes eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky, and southern West Virginia. The present case study investigates the idea of rootedness, or connection to the conceptual Appalachia, taking/AI/monophthongization, a classic Southern feature, as a marker of rootedness. Tokens from a single speaker born and raised in East Tennessee, are examined at two different times. As a high school student, the speaker produces almost categorical monophthongal/AI/; however, as a professional in her mid-30s, the speaker is almost categorically diphthongal. This stark change in linguistic behavior undoubtedly has many sources, yet the speaker discusses how her orientation to the region changed dramatically. The current study furthers our understanding of how speakers negotiate a nuanced Southern and Southern Appalachian regional identity identity and employ linguistic resources to reflect shifting orientations.
