Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
![Fig. 4 Specific capacity of battery with and without OSM [103]](publication/358111375/figure/fig2/AS:1116849618059264@1643289107062/Specific-capacity-of-battery-with-and-without-OSM-103_Q320.jpg)
Rechargeable batteries have gained a lot of interests due to rising trend of electric vehicles to control greenhouse gases emissions. Among all type of rechargeable batteries, lithium air battery (LAB) provides an optimal solution, owing to its high specific energy of 11,140 Wh/kg comparable to that of gasoline 12,700 Wh/kg. However, LABs are not w...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... all types of metal-air batteries, LAB is the suitable candidate to replace the fossil fuel-based transportation in future due to its high theoretical energy density of 11,140 Wh/kg among the other types of batteries and is also comparable to the energy density of the gasoline which is 12,700 Wh/kg [26]. The energy density of different types of batteries is summarized in Table 1. The practical energy density of lithium air battery is ten times as that of lithium-ion battery [27]. ...Similar publications
The electrochemical performance of metal-air batteries is sensitive to environmental humidity. In this paper, waterproof and air-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes were prepared for alleviating these issues in metal-air battery. The effects of membrane fillers (hydrophilic SiO2, hydrophobic SiO2, activate...
Citations
... This can reduce side reactions and passivation, which can contribute to overpotential [104]. 5) Advanced separator materials: Improved separator materials with enhanced ionic conductivity and reduced resistance can facilitate ion transport within the battery, contributing to lower overpotential [105,106]. 6) Ionic liquid electrolytes: Ionic liquid electrolytes have been explored as an alternative to traditional organic electrolytes [107]. They can offer improved stability, higher ionic conductivity, and better control over reaction kinetics, potentially leading to reduced overpotential. ...
The significance of lithium‐air batteries (LABs) has recently increased as they are a highly competitive alternative to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) for powering electric automobiles. The reason behind this is their excessive theoretical energy density. The advancement, breakthroughs, and drawbacks of LABs are examined. A comprehensive evaluation of various energy storage devices is provided, followed by an evaluation of several electrochemical storage technologies, their advantages, and drawbacks. Also, recent advances in LABs are reviewed and potential machine learning techniques are explored to address the existing obstacles hindering the widespread adoption of LABs.
... LABs are known to show higher specific energy than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). 7,8 Theoretically, these batteries are capable of exhibiting ∼3,500 Wh/kg in comparison with ∼250 Wh/kg exhibited by LIBs. 9,10 LABs are consistent with LIBs in their anodic reaction. ...
The highly conductive property of Titanium Carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) MXenes has made them an area of research in the electrochemical field. However, their properties are subjected to their correct synthesis. Various synthesis methods have been reported; however, those methods employ high energy consumption. To reduce the cost, researchers have tried to synthesize using inexpensive precursors; however, fewer have resorted to the use of an alternative technique. This study employed the use of the tungsten inert gas welding process to synthesize the Ti3AlC2 MAX phase, which was later etched using the in situ hydrogen fluoride acid technique. Alternatively, another MAX phase was prepared using an atmosphere furnace under the purging of argon gas. However, impurities were detected in the MAX phase and later detected in titanium powder.
... 1) The theoretical gravimetric energy densities of various rechargeable batteries are summarized in Fig. 1, in which metal-air batteries such as ZABs outperform conventional lead acid and lithium-ion batteries. 2) The aqueous electrolyte also makes them resistant to fires which is beneficial as renewable energy generation sites such as solar farms and wind mills are often located far away from population centers. ...
Zinc-Air Batteries (ZABs) are a promising solution for grid-scale storage. In this work, ZAB chemistry is reviewed and the role of catalysts at the cathode is explained. Transition metal oxides are an economical substitute for noble-metal based catalysts. However, their poor electrical conductivity requires additional efforts in catalyst activation. This is commonly done by reducing particle size and increasing electrical access which can be done simultaneously by hybridizing with carbon derivatives such as reduced graphene oxide.
Fullsize Image
... This ability of 0.7 wt% of graphite-filled PS membrane makes it suitable for moisture blocking application, such as lithium-air batteries, which require highly hydrophobic and moisture blocking membranes for ambient operation with high capacity and cyclability. 48 When the quantity of graphite flakes is further increased to 1.0 wt% of PS, an increase in MTR is observed and the MTR at high concentration is found to be around 0.20 g/m 2 per day because of the defects formed in the PS matrix at high concentration. So, these defects allow more moisture to pass through those membranes. ...
... It is clear from the results that among all the tested membranes, 0.7 wt% graphite-filled PS is the most effective in increasing the selectivity of O 2 over N 2 . Table 2 shows the comparison of O 2 /N 2 selectivity and also shows that PS graphite-filled membrane is very effective in O 2 separation, which makes the PS membranes a more attractive option in gas separation operation 50 and for operation in metal air batteries 48 where oxygen selective membranes are required. ...
The use of polymer composite membranes has been widely increased to improve the mechanical and material properties. In this research, graphite flakes are used as nanofiller in polystyrene (PS) membrane to improve hydrophobicity, moisture blocking capacity, thermal stability, tensile strength, and gas separation ability. The membranes are prepared by a solution casting technique and are characterized by fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffrac-tometry, scanning electron microscope, thermal gravimetric analysis, water contact angle (WCA), moisture transmission rate (MTR), and mechanical testing. The prepared membranes are also tested to determine the O 2 and N 2 permeability and O 2 /N 2 selectivity. The quantity of graphite flakes is varied from 0-1.0 wt% of PS. 0.7 wt% graphite-filled PS has shown the best results among all the prepared samples. The WCA of the PS membrane is increased from 97.3 to 114.803°, which shows that graphite flakes are well-suited to increase the hydrophobicity of the PS membrane. The MTR of 0.7 wt% graphite-filled PS shows that the membrane is well-suited for moisture blocking and also showed better thermal stability. Graphite flakes are also found suitable for increasing the tensile strength of the membrane. Also, the highest O 2 /N 2 selectivity is achieved for 0.7 wt% graphite-filled membranes, which makes them suitable for gas separation operation. Furthermore, the potential application of graphite-filled PS membranes is also presented.
... LAB has recently been suggested as a promising power source that can store a large amount of electrical energy for a long time. Li-air batteries have an energy density of about 11,140 Wh/kg [6] (based on Lithium metal mass), which is comparable to gasoline, and thus are more suitable for electric vehicles than lithium-ion batteries. Li-air batteries have the highest specific theoretical energy density (3500 to 3600 Wh/kg [7], [8]), accounting for about 20% [8] of the regular Li-ion Batteries making them attractive power source for electric vehicles. ...
Among all types of batteries, Lithium Air Batteries (LAB) are considered to be the most effective due to their highest energy density of around
11,140 Wh/kg but there are some major issues that are being faced by
LAB such as large overpotential, poor cycle life, low current density, and
decreased energy efficiency. The solution to these issues is primarily dependent on the proper selection of an electrocatalyst. A new approach
for using a bi-functional electrocatalyst produced excellent results. Here,
Co3O4/α − MnO2 composite has been considered as a bifunctional catalyst because cobalt oxide performed well in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
(OER) process while manganese oxide performed well in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) process. A simple two-step hydrothermal process
is used in this work to synthesize Co3O4/α − MnO2. This work focuses
on the behavior of the composite electrocatalyst when varying percent�ages of Cobalt oxide (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) are deposited on the alphaManganese Oxide nanorods. The primary characteristics of each sample
with different percentages of Cobalt Oxide are examined, and the performance of each sample is compared to one another. Several testing techniques like Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), XRay Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) are performed on the samples. The combination of cobalt oxide and manganese
oxide showed a synergistic effect and work as a bifunctional electrocatalyst.
As the percentage of Co3O4 deposited on the α−MnO2 nanorod increased,
it behaves more like an OER electrocatalyst leading to a decrease in charging
potential. This work will help in finding an optimum amount of Co3O4 that
should be deposited on α − MnO2 nanorods to get an efficient (ORR/OER)
bifunctional electrocatalyst.
... LAB has recently been suggested as a promising power source that can store a large amount of electrical energy for a long time. Li-air batteries have an energy density of about 11,140 Wh/kg [6] (based on Lithium metal mass), which is comparable to gasoline, and thus are more suitable for electric vehicles than lithium-ion batteries. Li-air batteries have the highest specific theoretical energy density (3500 to 3600 Wh/kg [7], [8]), accounting for about 20% [8] of the regular Li-ion Batteries making them attractive power source for electric vehicles. ...
... Moreover, it should be noted that the presence of H 2 O and CO 2 in the air also can cause irreversible damage to the Li metal anodes. 51,52 Although solid electrolytes can block gas penetration, how to realize the sealing of reactive Li metal in a semi-open system still needs to be considered in the future. ...
Solid‐state metal–air batteries have emerged as a research hotspot due to their high energy density and high safety. Moreover, side reactions caused by infiltrated gases (O2, H2O, or CO2) and safety issues caused by liquid electrolyte leakage will be eliminated radically. However, the solid‐state metal–air battery is still in its infancy, and many thorny problems still need to be solved, such as the large resistance of the metal/electrolyte interface and catalyst design. This review will summarize some important progress and key issues for solid‐state metal–air batteries, especially the lithium‐, sodium‐, and zinc‐based metal–air batteries, clarify some core issues, and forecast the future direction of the solid‐state metal–air batteries. Research on solid‐state metal–air batteries has made great progress in the development of clean and renewable electrochemical energy storage devices. In this review, some important progress and key issues of solid‐state metal–air batteries are summarized. This review provides valuable insights into the development of solid‐state metal–air batteries and forecasts the future direction of the solid‐state metal–air batteries.
... The 2D graphene sheets can use a nano-filler in improving the mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, and chemical properties of any base material. This graphene is also able to use as cathode material in metal-air batteries [23]. ...
Due to the rising trend in 2-Dimensional material, graphene has gained a lot of interest in the recent past. Graphene is the 2D carbon allotrope with high strength and improved mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties. Despite being excellent properties among other types of carbon allotropes but still, graphene use is limited because of its costly synthesis technique. In this research, a cheap and effective method is adapted for the preparation of graphene from graphite powder. The graphite powder is thermally treated to prepare the exfoliated graphite then exfoliated graphite is milled to produce the 2D graphene sheets. The synthesized graphene is characterized by X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The XRD results show that graphene is successfully synthesized, and SEM results show that graphene is 2D which can be used in various applications. This research provides a direction for the synthesis of graphene from graphite powder on an industrial scale.
