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The market for maritime training simulators is as important as the market for aeronautical training simulators. Many maritime accidents are caused by piloting errors in critical situations. Such situations are usually due to the environment (waves and streams). Hence, the main challenge of a maritime simulator is to simulate this environment as acc...
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... refraction is computed by the change of the wave velocity according to the depth. In order to preserve the precision, we send a new ray between two consecutive rays when they diverge too much (Figure 4). The waveshape is computed along these rays by an improved version of the Fournier-Reeves wave [8]. ...
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... The results are based on an extensive survey of simulator end-users. Several types of studies have been conducted on the effects on ship models implemented in ship-handling simulators of wind [30], waves [31], ice and current [32]. Delefortrie and Vantorre [33] provided an overview of research and practical applications of ship behavior and modeling in areas with ultralow under the keel clearance. ...
It is probable that the term marine traffic engineering (MTE) was first used by Toyoda and Fuji [...]
... Several types of research were made in the field of effects on the ship models implemented within ship handling simulators like wind [28], waves [29], ice, and current [30]. Delefortrie and Vantorre [31] presented the overview of research and practical applications of ship's behaviour and modelling in muddy areas. ...
Port design and approaches are usually carried out using real-time computer simulation methods for ship manoeuvring. So-called ship real-time simulation methods are relatively expensive, especially in terms of survey time. Several real-time simulation scenarios carried out by masters and pilots are usually performed, with several simulation attempts in each scenario. Each such attempt can last up to one hour, which, with a large number of scenarios, prolongs the research and increases its cost. Particularly time-consuming is the repetition of many scenarios with alternative solutions for infrastructure development and in various hydrometeorological conditions. To reduce the time-consuming of the tests, a new two-stage method was used to design the target approach on the modernized Port of Ustka. In the first stage, the simulations were carried out with significantly reduced floating navigation marking, and in the second stage with the target marking. Moreover, the so-called “Soft-Bank” method was introduced, i.e., the effects of a collision with the seabed and infrastructure were excluded. Such a solution leads to significant time benefits in conducting research and at the same time does not reduce confidence in the results obtained.
... Neglecting of z-translation, pitch, and roll degrees of freedom is acceptable for positioning estimation and trajectory tracking (for simulate port operations), but is not suitable for ship's stability computational analysis. Cieutat et al. (2001) developed the simplified methodology to compute the six components of the real-time vessel motion. The waved sea surface was generated by the approach based on the Gerstner model where particles of water describe circular or elliptical stationary orbits (Fournier and Reeves, 1986). ...
... Thus, there is no need to establish and maintain the synchronism between the evolving irregular wave field and ship motions (see, for example, Varela and Guedes Soares, 2011). The application of the proposed technique allows to get around the problem faced by Cieutat et al. (2001). Their method uses the curvature of the waved sea surface as the only reason that causes the ship movement. ...
A physically-based computational model, which implements a variety of technologies to real-time simulation of the ocean surface dynamics and waves-body interaction, is proposed. The method uses data from experimental observation of the real ocean, stochastic description of irregular wind waves, inverse non-uniform fast Fourier transform mathematical tool, unstructured grid representation for changeable water surface and complex geometry of the floating object, reasonably full and accurate immersed rigid-body dynamics, fast and stable algorithms for solving the equations of motion. The integrated mathematical model combines the proven approaches, which are adapted and modified for stated goals. The developed approach does not impose restrictions on complexity of the immersed body configuration. The implemented algorithms allow to perform an interactive simulation on a desktop computer using high resolution surface meshes without loss of frame rate. Some examples are considered to demonstrate the abilities of the model to simulate the interaction of partially submerged body (rescue boat) with wind-generated irregular fluctuations of the water surface in the real-time mode.
... An exact duplication of the human machine interface Fullscope simulator A configuration that incorporates a detailed model of a system, replicating as many aspects of the operational environment as possible Simulations are used in many domains ranging from medicine (Maran & Glavin, 2003;Stefanidis, Korndorffer Jr, Markley, Sierra, Heniford, & Scott, 2007), aviation (Burki-Cohen, Go & Longridge, 2001;Dahlstrom, Dekker, Van Winsen, & Nyce, 2009;Dennis, & Harris, 1998;Steurs, Mulder, & Van Paassen, 2004), maritime (Cieutat, Gonzato, & Guitton, 2001), automotive (Allen, Cook, & Park, 2005;De Winter, Wieringa, Dankelman, Mulder, van Paassen & de Groot, 2007;Godley, Triggs, & Fildes, 2002;Stanton, Young, & McCaulder, 1997;Wang, Mehler, Reimer, Lammers, D'Ambrosio, & Coughlin, 2010), Police Firearms (Ho, 1994;Sharps, & Hess, 2008;Vrij, & Dingemans, 1996;Vrij, Van Der Steen, & Koppelaar, 1994), nuclear (Carvalho, dos Santos, Gomes, Borges, & Guerlain, 2008;Stanton, 1996), construction (Sauvé, Renaud, Kaufman, & Marquis, 2007) and military (Alexander, Brunye, Sidman & Weil, 2005;Estock, Alexander, Gildea, Nash, & Blueggel, 2006) to mathematics (Salt, Gill, & Plontke, 2008) and physics (Jimoyiannis, & Komis, 2001). The large hadron collider located at CERN, is, at the most basic level, trying to 'simulate' particle collisions to address unsolved questions in physics (Lebrun, 2000). ...
Simulations are utilised in various domains for purposes of training, research, education and entertainment. Continuing technological advancement, along with a striving for higher levels of immersion, transfer and user satisfaction has driven the design of increasingly complex simulators. Economic viability, portability and usability of such simulators have simultaneously decreased, prompting a contemporary examination of simulator fidelity. Simulator fidelity is a poorly understood construct, notorious for its lack of clear definition. A wide range of terminology is used interchangeably, with subtle differences in the functionality of the language used not always clearly outlined. In the current manuscript, a comprehensive review of the literature informs clear definitions of fidelity, validity and transfer; the terms used are included in a definitions table and their connectivity outlined in a knowledge tree. The aim is to promote usage of clearly interpretable standardised terminology by professionals and researchers alike. The boundaries of the current work are acknowledged. It is suggested that future research should examine constructs such as fidelity, transfer and validity in relation to computational, robotic and automation simulation. The most immediate extension of the current work should capture a requirement to develop effective training interventions to govern operator use of automation using interactive simulation.
... Existen varios modelos dinámicos que describen el comportamiento de un vehículo marino (Triantafyllou et al., 1983;Cieutat et al., 2001;Zhao et al., 2004). Aunque muchos no tienen en cuenta el requerimiento de tiempo real, proponen algoritmos numéricos que cumplen otros propósitos científicos. ...
Abstract The dynamics of the movements caused by waves to a catamaran at sea is complex. A simplified dynamic model in the horizontal plane is implemented to predict the movements induced to a boat to be used in a graphic visualization context. The model presents three tuning factors to modify the wave incidence and incorporates the simplified Coriolis effect. An algorithm for generating a surface mesh based on the discrete Phillips spectrum is presented. The elevation points of the mesh are obtained according to the linear wave theory and optimally calculated by the Fast Fourier Transform. The surface mesh generator incorporates adjustable parameters to emulate sea states according to the WMO scale. The validation of the model is done by simulation.
... Since their models focus on the ship's motions inside harbors, only the physical models for surge, sway and yaw are developed. Another simple ship motion model is reported in [4]. The authors use the sea wave model proposed in [7] to generate sea waves. ...
In this paper, efficient physics models are presented for simulating ship hydrostatic motions caused by sea waves, cargoes and flooding water. Based on the stability theory of ship, a ship is regarded as a floating body whose stability is indicated by its gravity, buoyancy and meta centers. These stability centers are influenced by cargoes, sea waves, flooding water and the ship mass. Variations of these stability centers create torques and forces which cause the ship to heave, pitch and roll. Because of the irregularity of the ship shape, analytical solutions of these stability centers do not exist. In this work, a finite volume approach is employed to overcome this problem. At first, we split the ship body into cells by using a regular grid and distribute the ship mass, cargoes and flooding water into these cells. Then numerical methods and physics laws of floating body are utilized to compute the coordinates of these centers. Subsequently, torques and forces are calculated and utilized to create ship motions.
... La création de mondes virtuels nous a amené à concevoir des applications de simulation qui se sont révélées être très rapidement des outils précieux de formation. Des simulateurs d'entraînement à la conduite d'un véhicule (Cieutat & al. 2002(Cieutat & al. & 2001 (Figure 4.10a), aux applications de sécurité civile (Querrec & al. 2003 (Arnaldi & al. 2003) qui modifient inéluctablement notre perception du monde réel devenu un monde simulé. Or, nous savons pour en avoir fait l'expérience qu'il ne suffit pas de connaître le geste à effectuer pour l'exécuter correctement ; certains gestes demandent à être exécutés bon nombre de fois avant d'être correctement coordonnés. ...
After a first introduction in the aim to better define the new general public domain of augmented reality, we describe our augmented reality contributions to increase our perception, cognition and interaction with our environment. Perception is dealt with the point of view of active perception, the one of motion and anticipation. Active teaching skills, but also inductive and deductive teaching skills, are used to increase our abilities of reasoning. A better interaction with our environment is obtained on the one hand with supervised systems through the world -wide network increasing collaborative work, and the other hand through mobile augmented reality with the help of virtual human guides.
... Their applications focus on handling ships in a selected area such as inside or near harbor areas, only the physics models for surge, sway, and yaw are given and they have not discussed the possibility to simulate existing real ships with their simulation system. Another work is presented by Cieutat et al. [26]and they proposed wave models based on the work of Alain Fournier and William T Reeves [27]. This approach describes a new efficient real-time model of wave propagation and shows its integration in a real maritime simulator. ...
The title of this paper was changed from 'A Ship Simulation System for Maritime Education' to 'A Six Degrees of Freedom Ship Simulation System for Maritime Education' on 21/09/2012. The authors N Kodikara, C Keppitiyagama and R Rosa were added to the paper on 21/09/2012. This paper presents Six-degrees-of-freedom ship simulation system which allows simulated ship handling under complicated environmental conditions and threat scenarios. This system simulates real-time six degrees of freedom ship motions (pitch, heave, roll, surge, sway, and yaw) under user interactions, and environmental conditions. The simulation system consists of a ship motion prediction system and a perception enhanced immersive virtual environment with greater ecological validity. This ship motion prediction system uses a few model parameters which can be evaluated by using standard ship maneuvering test or determined easily from databases such as Lloyd’s register. This virtual environment supports multiple-display viewing that can greatly enhance user perception. Ecological environment for strong sensation of immersion is also developed. The virtual environment facilitates the incorporation of real world ships, geographical sceneries, different environmental conditions and wide range of visibility and illumination effects. This simulation system can be used to demonstrate ship motions, maneuvering tactics and assign focused missions to trainees and evaluate their performance. Trainees can use the simulation system to study at their own pace. Implementation and operational cost of this ship simulation system is only a fraction of the conventional training involving real ships. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/icter.v3i2.2847 The International Journal on Advances in ICT for Emerging Regions 2010 03 (02) :34 - 47
... Some previous work on water simulation modeled water as a surface using parametric representations [4]- [8]. Wave refraction caused by water depth varying was simulated using wave tracing. ...
... Wave refraction caused by water depth varying was simulated using wave tracing. Ref. [4] used this method for simulating the wave near the shore in their maritime training simulator. Ref. [9] proposed a geometrical model accounting for refraction, diffraction, reflection, transmission and multi-waves trains, and described a specific algorithm for the rendering of multi-waves trains. ...
This paper presents a new method for simulating shallow-water waves for the marine simulator. Firstly, a sequence of sea surface height fields is achieved by solving 2D Boussinesq type equations. These height fields can exhibit the combined effect of the most shallow-water waves in the coastal region, such as shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection and non-linear wave- wave interaction, etc. Secondly, these height fields are synthesized to a new unlimited long sequence by rearranging their order according to their similarity. Finally, the height fields are used as vertex textures sampled by a view-dependent sea surface grid in the new order. Experimental results show that the simulated shallow-water waves have realistic effect with fast rendering speed. It is suitable for the applications of real-time simulation, the marine simulator especially.
... Les premiers travaux concernant la représentation de l'eau dans des scènes océaniques remontent aux modèles paramétriques [FR86,DP86], étendus pour permettre la représentation réaliste de trains de vagues en eau profonde [TDG00,CGG01]. Les vagues sont définies par une équation paramétrique décrivant le trajet des particules d'eau à la surface au cours du temps. ...
