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The view of Tetrahymena pyriformis (A, B) (Scale bar=15 F). cp. cytopharynx; m, micronucleus; n, nucleus; dv, digestive vacuole
Source publication
Tetrahymena pyriformis and Epistylis sp. found on the body surface, mouth and oesophagus of freshwater leech, Nephelopsis obscura were studied. Tetrahymena pyriformis was defined on the body surface, in the mouth and oesophagus of Nephelopsis obscura . But Epistylis sp. was only determined on the body surface of leech. The mean length of Tetrahymen...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... seen on the body width of 38.0±2.9 F (range 36.0-42.0 F, ±SD). The skin of leech surface of the leeches. T. pyriformis and Epistylis sp. were with Epistylis sp. was like velvety structure. observed both alone and together on N. obscura . Two Ciliophorans, T. pyriformis and Epistylis sp. were firstly defined in the freshwater leech, N. obscura. (Fig. 1 A, B) was found by scraping the body surface and digestive system of N. obscura. T. pyriformis is oval shape. The mean total length of specimens preserved in formalin is 42.0±3.5 F (range 39.0-44.0 F, ±SD) and the mean width 26.0±4.9 F (range 22.0-29.0 F, ±SD). This protozoan was defined in alive N. obscura , but it A Povlovskaya et al., ...
Citations
... An elongated zooid consists of a ciliated peristomial stalk, food vacuole, micronucleus, and macronucleus. These small protozoa have handles, usually in colonies composed of 2-5 individuals (Saglam and Sarieyyupoglu 2002). According to Andriyanto and Fachri (2014), this parasite is a parasite that primarily attacks freshwater fish and is generally from the Cyprinidae group and settles on the skin and fins of its host using cilia branches. ...
Iriansyah AH, Budiharjo A, Sugiyarto. 2020. Parasites prevalence infecting freshwater fishes in Mulur Reservoir of Sukoharjo District, Indonesia. Bonorowo Wetlands 10: 66-71. Mulur Reservoir is one of the natural fish habitats and consumption fish cultivation in Sukoharjo District, Indonesia. Excessive use of the reservoir area causes the decreasing of water quality which affects fish life sustainability, one of them can cause the fish susceptibility to infection by parasites. The purpose of this research was to identify the types of parasites which infect on consumption of fish in Mulur Reservoir and calculate the prevalence value. Samples were taken by purposive sampling for gourami (Osphronemus gouramy), tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), betutu fish (Oxyeleotris marmorata), catfish (Clarias batrachus), and jambal (Pangasius djambal) 10 fishes for each type. The parts of fish infected by ectoparasites such as body mucus, fin mucus, head mucus, and gills were taken by scrapping and observed under a microscope with magnification between 100-400x. The results showed that 5 types of ectoparasites were Epistylis sp., Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., and Gyrodactylus sp. with an average prevalence of more than 50%. There are more ectoparasites in domesticated fish than in wild fish.
... The ectoparasites colony size and number was varied [8]. In addition, these ectoparasites are characterised in colonies and noncontractile or not moving [17,22]. Nicolou et al. [23] reported that these ectoparasites are found in many substrates areas. ...
Infectious of ectoparasites and vibrios were found as a problem in fattening mud crab. The aims of this study were to determine the clinical sign of infected mud crabs and to identify the ectoparasites and generic vibrio in the fattening mud crabs from Pemalang Coast, Indonesia. Ectoparasites were collected by smear method. Whereas, 20 isolates were collected from hepatopancreas, gills, hemolymph and injured carapace of the mud crabs. Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Salt Sucrose (TCBS) medium was used to isolate suspected vibrios. The clinical signs of mud crabs infected by ectoparasites were shown through the damaged gills and the attachment of other organisms on the gills, whereas the clinical signs of mud crabs infected by vibriosis were shown through red spot on carapace and wound in carapace, claw and abdomen, followed by weak condition. It also indicated that seven ectoparasites were Ichthyobodo sp., Epistylis sp., Carchesium sp., Vorticela sp., Octolasmis sp., Lepeophtherius sp, and Copepodit sp., whilst five Vibrios were V. harveyi, V. Cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and V. fischeri.
... Infection by Tetrahymena spp. was observed in a number of fish species (Ponpornpisit et al. 2000;Astrofsky et al. 2002;Saglam & Sarieyyupoglu 2002;Pimenta Leibowitz, Ariav & Zilberg 2005). Susceptibility to Tetrahymena infection increases in wounded and/or weakened fish exposed to stress conditions (Ferguson et al. 1987;Imai et al. 2000;Hatai et al. 2001), such as high level of ammonia or organic load in the water, extreme water temperature, pre-existing disease conditions (such as gas-bubble) or inappropriate shipment conditions (high fish density; Pimenta Leibowitz et al. 2005). ...
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non-stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI-, NI- and I-treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg(-1) , respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re-infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3-75%, higher than in the non-exposed control (40.6% mortality).
... Tetrahymena is an invasive pathogen, which has predilection for guppies for reasons that are not clear, but infections have been reported in other species of ornamental fish, edible fish and even freshwater leeches (Nephelopsis obscura). The latter are themselves parasites of trout (Salmo spp.) and can therefore transfer the protozoa to their host (Saglam and Sarieyyupoglu, 2002). Ornamental fish species reported to be infected with Tetrahymena spp. ...
Tetrahymena is a ciliated protozoan that can infect a wide range of fish species, although it is most commonly reported in guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility to infection with Tetrahymena of five different ornamental fish species from two different super orders. The species examined were platy (Xiphophorus), molly (Poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) of the Acanthopterygii super order (which also includes guppies) and goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) of the Ostariophysi super order. These two super orders are phylogenetically distant from each other. Infection with Tetrahymena resulted in parasite invasion of internal organs, skin and muscle in all fish species. A relatively strong inflammatory response was observed in infected goldfish and koi, with negligible response in fish species of the Acanthopterygii super order. Guppies were the most susceptible to Tetrahymena infection, exhibiting a mortality rate of 87% and 100% in two separate experiments. A high mortality rate was also observed in platy (77%), while that of molly and angelfish was significantly lower (23% and 33%, respectively). Goldfish and koi carp were less susceptible to infection compared with guppies (24% and 59% mortality, respectively). Immunization studies revealed that the Tetrahymena are immunogenic, since infection of koi carp increased their Tetrahymena immobilization response by approximately three-fold at 3 weeks post infection, while immunization with Tetrahymena plus adjuvant increased their immobilization response by approximately 30-fold.
... Epistylis sp. and Vorticella sp. were found in both Oscar and Discus fish. Saglam & Sarieyyupoglu (2002) reported Epistylis on fresh water leech. Epistylis sp. and the related species Vorticella sp., are sessile and stalked ciliated protozoans generally found attached to vegetation or crustaceans (Saglam & Sarieyyupoglu 2002). ...
... Saglam & Sarieyyupoglu (2002) reported Epistylis on fresh water leech. Epistylis sp. and the related species Vorticella sp., are sessile and stalked ciliated protozoans generally found attached to vegetation or crustaceans (Saglam & Sarieyyupoglu 2002). In high organic water, they proliferate and attach to fish and eggs. ...
Histopathology provides a rapid method to detect effects of irritants and pathogens in different organs and it can be considered as the indicator for abnormal condition for fish environment. The present study was initiated to record the histopathological lesions of gill and skin associated with external parasites in two common aquarium fish, Oscar (Astronotus ocellatus) and Discus (Symphysodon discus) fish. Twenty Oscar and twenty Discus were obtained from aquarium shops and wet mount was prepared from skin and gill mucosa and histopathological study was performed on tissue samples of gills and skin on tissue sections which were stained with haematoxilin-eosin. Based on the results, Dactylogyrus sp. was the most prevalent parasites in Oscar and Discus fish. Ichthyophthirius multifliis, Trichodina sp. and Gyrodactylus sp., Epistylis sp. and Vorticella sp. were seen in the skin and gill of fish. In histopathological examination, fusion of secondary lamella associated with hyperplasia, aneurysm, edema, purulent bronchitis were seen. Sections of Ichthyobodo sp. and purulent bronchitis are rare and in skin. Dermatitis was observed. Histopathological lesions in Oscar were in high rate in comparison with lesions which were seen in Discus and they are in relation to parasitic infestation.
ABSTRACT
The present investigation indicated the presence and properties of cytidine
deaminase (EC.3.5.4.5) activity in the extract of the free living ciliata Tetrahymena
pyriformis.The optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were determined.Maximum
enzyme activity was obtained in a reaction mixture of (300)μM of Tris-HCl buffer at pH(7.4) containing (3) mM of cytidine as a substrate, (250)μg protein as a source of the
enzyme, and an incubation period of (12) min. at (35)°C.
Under the optimum conditions,the specific activity was found to be(32.24±0.91)μM
of cytidine deaminated per min per mg protein in the supernatant of Tetrahymena
pyriformis extracts.The Results also indicated that cytidine monophosphate (CMP) might
be used as alternative substrate for the enzyme under investigation .
The present investigation indicated the presence and properties of cytidine
deaminase (EC.3.5.4.5) activity in the extract of the free living ciliata Tetrahymena
pyriformis.
The optimum conditions for the enzyme activity were determined.Maximum
enzyme activity was obtained in a reaction mixture of (300)µM of Tris-HCl buffer at pH (7.4) containing (3) mM of cytidine as a substrate, (250)µg protein as a source of the
enzyme, and an incubation period of (12) min. at (35)°C.
Under the optimum conditions,the specific activity was found to be(32.24±0.91)µM
of cytidine deaminated per min per mg protein in the supernatant of Tetrahymena
pyriformis extracts.The Results also indicated that cytidine monophosphate (CMP) might
be used as alternative substrate for the enzyme under investigation .
Abstrak
Udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah komoditas unggulan budidaya yang memiliki harga yang signifikan pada pasar di seluruh dunia. Sepenuhnya permintaan udang, perlu perhatian serius dalam pembenihan vaname, dengan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan panen maksimal dan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan prevalensi dan derajat infestasi, serta mengetahui perbedaan prevalensi dan derajat infestasi ektoparasit pada udang vaname sistem intensif dan tradisional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei, yaitu metode pengamatan sistematis, faktual, dan akurat tentang fakta dan sifat populasi atau pada wilayah tertentu. Prevalensi ektoparasit yang menyerang udang putih di budidaya intensif 57,5% dan budidaya tradisional 56,6% dan dalam kategori sering (sering kali) tingkat infestasi rata - rata yang menginfeksi vaname putih dalam budidaya intensif adalah 76,56 (berat), sedangkan di budidaya tradisional adalah 43,78 (sedang). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan antara prevalensi budidaya intensif dan tradisional (p> 0,05), terdapat perbedaan tingkat infestasi ektoparasit antara prevalensi budidaya intensif dan tradisional
Abstract
White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a species of cultivation and have important value in the worldwide market.Tofully a demand of shrimp, need for serious treatment in prawn hatchery vaname, with the aim that gets the maximum harvest and can fulfill a need market. The aims of this research to determine the prevalence and degree of infestation, as well as know the difference prevalence and degree of infestation ectoparasite on shrimps vaname which are in intensive and extensive cultivation. The method used in this study using survey methods, that is methods to make observation systematical, factual, and accurate about the fact and the nature of the population or to a definite region. The prevalence of ectoparasite that infests white shrimp in intensive cultivation is 57,5% and in traditional cultivation is 56,6% and in category frequently (often times). The average degree of infestation that infects white vaname in intensive cultivation is 76,56 (heavy), while in the traditional cultivation is 43,78 (medium). The results analysis of the data show that there is no difference between the prevalence of intensive and traditional cultivation (p > 0,05), there was difference infestation degree of ectoparasite between the prevalence of intensive and traditional cultivation.
