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http://www.kmutt-gate.info/j_file.asp?file=HoAuIoAOJoAb&force=false&meta=viticulture,%20oenology,%20radiation,%20climate,%20soil,%20irrigation,%20tourism,%20new%20latitude%20wines.
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... Vitis vinifera was introduced into Latin America in the 16th Century (Camargo et al., 2008), and viticulture has been documented for over 60 years in tropical countries. However, production in the tropics has been characterized by lower quality for fermentation, as the adaptation of varieties from temperate to tropical climates is difficult, affecting the development of the crop (Carbonneau, 2011;Camargo et al., 2012;Commins et al., 2012;Hannah et al., 2013). The main causes of these alterations are as follows: a) In tropical areas, buds do not undergo dormancy, and with enough water and nutrients, grapevines grow continuously, causing excess vigor, poor lignification, heterogeneity in bud break and irregular yields between cycles (Tonietto and Ashenfelter and Storchmann, 2014;Demir, 2014;Khalil-Ur-Rehman et al., 2017); b) High temperatures throughout the plant cycle accelerate growth and induce early phenological events, as well as reducing the fertility of buds for the following cycle (Carbonneau, 2011;Demir, 2014;Leão et al., 2016); c) High temperatures during the maturing of grapes lead them to produce more sugar, lower acidity and an incomplete metabolism of phenols (Tonietto and Hickey et al., 2018;Costa et al., 2019;Fonseca et al., 2023); d) Excessive vegetative growth favors the susceptibility to the attack of pathogens, and high temperature and moisture are favorable for the progress of diseases such as downy mildew (Camargo et al., 2012;Nascimento-Gavioli, et al., 2020), which demands an adequate selection of the time and system of plantation, based in the weather conditions of the location (de Bem et al., 2016). ...
... With the exception of the hybrid Isabella, in most of the varieties planted in the country, this disease generates losses in productivity. Among them, the variety Syrah is highly susceptible, although it has also stood out as one of the temperate climate cultivars with the highest potential for wine production in tropical areas (Camargo et al., 2011;Tonietto and Pereira, 2011;Commins et al., 2012;Wurz et al., 2017). This variety is planted only in the most technified vineyard in the country, located in Dota, and it is considered high-quality for the production of wine. ...
Viticulture is one of the oldest agricultural activities, and its exploitation has traditionally been limited to temperate climate zones, where the european grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and wine originate. Given the effects of climate change, more areas lose the capacity to grow this crop, and the tropics are presented as potential regions for this market. In Costa Rica, viticultural activity has been reported since the mid-20th century, however, technical information on the crop is scarce. Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, represents one of the diseases with the greatest economic impact for viticulture worldwide, as well as the most limiting phytosanitary problem in Costa Rica. Under high humidity conditions, the development of the pathogen is accelerated, and the host remains susceptible throughout the crop cycle, which makes proper management of epidemics difficult. Chemical control is the most common management strategy around the world, however, the appearance of P. viticola populations with resistance to fungicides has been observed in most grape vine-growing areas, hence the search for more ecological alternatives is a necessity. Currently, Costa Rica does not have integrated management strategies that allow sustainable production, and there is only one registered product for protection against this pathogen. This situation justifies paying more attention to the investigation of this pathosystem.
... In tropical regions, the sun reaches a point directly overhead at least once in the solar year, and these regions are hotter because they are closer to the sun. In addition, the earth's axial tilt means a much more significant variation in the sun's axis relative to the land, leading to the extreme divergence between where the sun rises and sets throughout the year [3]. In tropical regions, most vineyards are for table grape production, but there are also increasing vineyard areas for the growth of quality wine grapes [4,5]. ...
The effectiveness of data communication links in a wireless communication network is an essential factor to be considered. Many applications in an agricultural farm need technology to facilitate significantly and increase productivity in planting. This paper presents the performance extension of wireless mesh sensor network communication in a grape farm. The performance of distance extension for data communication in an agriculture farm is a central topic to be designed. Therefore, the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) demonstrates the strength of the communication link in an outdoor condition. This article adopts a wireless module of XCTU, a free multi-platform application designed to enable developers to interact with Digi RF modules through a simple-to-use graphical interface embedded with a microcontroller device to process data transmission tests. The results found that the XBee-S2 and XBee-Pro tags have an RSSI tested for -71.6 dBm and -25.9 dBm, respectively. However, the Xbee-Pro still had a higher RSSI test compared to XBee-S2 by 63.83%. However, in the application, the entrepreneur needs to consider which technology is a match to be used in their business correctly.
... Por otra parte, Costa Rica se encuentra en una zona ubicada entre el trópico de Cáncer y el de Capricornio (entre los 23º Norte y Sur), esto se torna importante al considerar la variación climática que representa el trópico para la especie (o variedad) de la uva, ya que estas regiones son más cálidas al estar más cerca del sol, donde incluso éste alcanza un punto directamente sobre la cabeza al menos una vez por año a diferencia de las zonas templadas. Otro factor es la inclinación axial del planeta, la cual afecta con mayor fuerza a esta zona provocando mayor variación en el eje del sol en relación con la Tierra, creando variación entre el lugar donde sale y se oculta el sol al año(Demir, 2014), esto afecta no solo el cultivo de la uva, sino también la calidad esperable(Commins et al., 2012).En este sentido, se ha observado que los cultivares de uva presentan comportamientos diversos en diferentes lugares del trópico debido a la variación climática, como resultado de la altitud (creando microclimas), o por la duración de las estaciones seca o lluviosa y la nubosidad(Camargo, Pereira y Guerra, 2010). Es imperativo realizar una evaluación de las condiciones climáticas de una determinada zona antes de establecer este tipo de cultivo y así seleccionar el cultivar más adecuado, además de evaluar el tipo de producto que se podría favorecer en dicho lugar. ...
El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer el resultado de la evaluación de la productividad de cinco variedades de uva en el viñedo El Espavey, ubicado en el cantón Acosta (San José, Costa Rica), en sus condiciones respectivas de cultivo (sistemas de siembra en parrilla y espaldera). Se llevó a cabo un muestreo aleatorio de 277 plantas en las zonas denominadas como Alto Espavey y Bajo Espavey. El análisis de los datos se basa en el cálculo de racimos promedio, área foliar máxima media, largo en espaldera para cada muestra por variedad y pruebas de correlación entre la variable número de racimos tanto para con el área foliar máxima estimada como para con la variable de crecimiento. Los resultados sugieren que las variedades Labruscas son las de mayor rendimiento y es en el Alto Espavey y en espaldera donde se desarrolla la mayor producción de la Uva Labrusca que para este estudio se ha denominado Isabella. Este proyecto surgió como una iniciativa de vínculo universidad- sociedad en el marco de la relación existente entre investigación y acción social y de acuerdo con lo estipulado en las políticas universitarias.
... Other early records of a GLR fungus in Southeast Asia were from Java, Indonesia, in 1929(Boedijn 1960 and Luzon, the Philippines, in 1930(Stevens 1932. Despite that the global climate change, warming in particular, has posed serious difficulties and caused structural changes to the traditional viticulture for the premium wines in Europe in the past decades (Jones et al. 2005;Hayman et al. 2009;Frag et al. 2013;Mozell and Thach 2014;Ashenfelter and Storchmann 2016), tropical viticulture has been increasing and prevailing in South and Southeast Asia (large part for the production of table grapes) and South America (mostly for wine grapes) (Possingham 2008;Commins et al. 2012;Schaefer 2016; statistical analysis based on FAO database, http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/ to/download/Q/QC/E, last accessed on 1 April 2020). ...
Rust fungi on commercial Vitis cultivars, wild Vitaceae, and Meliosma (Sabiaceae), potential alternate hosts of a grapevine leaf rust (GLR) fungus, were surveyed in Thailand and Vietnam. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer 2 and the large-subunit rRNA gene (D1/D2 region) and morphological examinations confirmed that the GLR fungus distributed in Southeast Asia and Australasia is distinct from Neophysopella species involved in GLRs in East Asia and the Americas. Therefore, the Southeast Asian-Australasian GLR fungus is recognized as a new Neophysopella species and named as N. tropicalis. Two fungi on Meliosma species in Thailand were aecial anamorph of Neophysopella species. One parasitic on M. simplicifolia and M. simplicifolia subsp. fordii was previously named as Aecidium wareoense, and a new name, N. wareoensis, is proposed for it. Another on M. arnottiana in Thailand was phylogenetically and morphologically distinct from all other Meliosma rust fungi, and, therefore, it is recognized as a new species, N. sriphumensis. A uredinial-telial fungus on Ampelocissus araneosa (Vitaceae) in Thailand was morphologically similar to Phakopsora cronartiiformis on Parthencissus semicordata (Vitaceae) in the Himalayas. However, the former fungus was distinct from the latter in producing characteristic urediniospores with labyrinthiform surface structure and cone-shaped projections. It is, therefore, recognized as a new species, N. doipuiensis.
... Por otra parte, Costa Rica se encuentra en una zona ubicada entre el trópico de Cáncer y el de Capricornio (entre los 23º Norte y Sur), esto se torna importante al considerar la variación climática que representa el trópico para la especie (o variedad) de la uva, ya que estas regiones son más cálidas al estar más cerca del sol, donde incluso éste alcanza un punto directamente sobre la cabeza al menos una vez por año a diferencia de las zonas templadas. Otro factor es la inclinación axial del planeta, la cual afecta con mayor fuerza a esta zona provocando mayor variación en el eje del sol en relación con la Tierra, creando variación entre el lugar donde sale y se oculta el sol al año (Demir, 2014), esto afecta no solo el cultivo de la uva, sino también la calidad esperable (Commins et al., 2012). ...
El propósito de este artículo es dar a conocer el resultado de la evaluación de la productividad de cinco variedades de uva en el viñedo El Espavey, ubicado en el cantón Acosta (San José, Costa Rica), en sus condiciones respectivas de cultivo (sistemas de siembra en parrilla y espaldera). Se llevó a cabo un muestreo aleatorio de 277 plantas en las zonas denominadas como Alto Espavey y Bajo Espavey. El análisis de los datos se basa en el cálculo de racimos promedio, área foliar máxima media, largo en espaldera para cada muestra por variedad y pruebas de correlación entre la variable número de racimos tanto para con el área foliar máxima estimada como para con la variable de crecimiento. Los resultados sugieren que las variedades Labruscas son las de mayor rendimiento y es en el Alto Espavey y en espaldera donde se desarrolla la mayor producción de la Uva Labrusca que para este estudio se ha denominado Isabella. Este proyecto surgió como una iniciativa de vínculo universidad- sociedad en el marco de la relación existente entre investigación y acción social y de acuerdo con lo estipulado en las políticas universitarias.
... Currently leaf rust is a minor fungal foliar disease of commercial table, wine and raisin grapes in temperate East Asia. It is important to realize, however, that the incidence and severity of major fungal foliar diseases of grapevines may change in the traditional viticulture regions under global climate change (Hayman et al. 2009;Fraga et al. 2012) and in newly developing tropical viticulture regions like Southeast Asia [Possingham 2008;Commins et al. 2012;Truong 2012; FAO database, http://faostat3.fao.org/faostat-gateway/go/to/ download/Q/QC/E (accessed on 20 May 2013)]. ...
Three distinct groups were revealed among the grapevine leaf rust fungi from Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, East Timor and Australia in phylograms generated from sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer 2 and the large-subunit rRNA gene (D1/D2 region). A group of Thai, Malaysian-Indonesian and East Timorese-Australian fungi was distinct from two other groups of grapevine leaf rust fungi, Phakopsora meliosmae-myrianthae and P. montana, distributed in temperate East Asia. Although complete life cycle and native host plants are unknown for the Southeast Asian and Australasian fungus, it is likely to be a biologically distinct species.
... In addition to this, axial tilt of earth means a much greater variation in the sun's axis relative to the earth leading to the extreme variation between where the sun rises and sets throughout the year. So, both facts will affect grape growing and also grape quality (Commins et al., 2012). Moreover, subtropical regions are the climatic regions typically found adjacent to the tropics, usually between 23° and 40° latitude in both hemispheres. ...
Although grapevine is adapted to a wide range of climates; the best growing of grapevine are performed in regions, which meet certain specific climatic requirements. Grape growing is also extensively carried out in the latitudes between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn called as tropical regions. Recent times, viticulture activities has increased significantly in the tropical regions and qualified table grapes, wine, grape juice and raisin are obtained from countries such as Brazil, Venezuela, India and Thailand located in tropical and subtropical regions. The production technics used for grape growing in tropical regions is different than used for traditional temperate regions. Most of grapes grown in these regions carry table, raisin and wine grape characteristic. Grape varieties grown in tropical regions should have early ripening periods, short growing cycles and high resistance to fungal diseases.
... Thai wine producers are also actively involved in the building of regional and global expertise in tropical wine production. In November 2011 Chiang Mai hosted the 3 rd International Symposium on Tropical Wine, the seven day event involving 50 presentations with speakers and participants drawn from a broad sweep of tropical and temperate wine-producing countries including neighbouring Myanmar and Vietnam, France, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Brazil, India and Thailand (see subsequent papers by Commins et al, 2012;Raynal and Salai, 2012;Smart, 2012, andCamargo et al, 2012). ...
... 1 Fruit wine production has a much longer and commercially successful history in Thailand, although it also has faced its share of challenges (see Chomsri N. et al, 2012 andCommins T., Asavasanti S., Deloire A. 2012). ...
Wine grape production has historically been restricted to temperate latitudes - largely between 30 and 50 degrees above and below the equator. Recently, though, wine has started to be made in countries within tropical regions. This paper explores the development and features of the Thai wine industry, the largest of the SE Asian wine producers. Linking in to arguments concerning economic and cultural globalisation, the paper explores the motivations and origins of the Thai producers, the environmental constraints and local adaptations to these, the regulatory and cultural constraints to the development of the industry, its global connections and prospects for the industry. Our argument is that despite its small size, the Thai wine industry neatly encapsulates many of the complexities around globalisation, demonstrating the fusion of global cultural trends, nationalistic economic growth, the increasingly global character of wine industry participants, and the continuing constraints on all these global processes of domestic political and regulatory regimes.
