Figure - available from: BMC Cancer
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
The trends in incidence with age adjustment of malignant teratomas. Trends in incidence of malignant teratoma by year of diagnosis in male (a) and divided into the gonadal group and the extragonadal group (b). Trends in incidence of malignant teratomas by year of diagnosis in female (c) and divided into the gonadal group and the extragonadal group (d)
Source publication
Background:
A tumor comprising of different types of tissues (such as hair, muscle, bone, etc.) is known as a teratoma. It is a type of germ cell (cells that make sperm or eggs) tumor. When these germ cells have rapid cancerous growth, then such a teratoma is called a malignant teratoma. We have studied the differences between gonadal and extra-go...
Citations
... An immature teratoma, also known as a malignant teratoma, represents a form of GCT typically composed of tissue from two or three germ cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm [4,5]. An immature teratoma is an exceedingly rare tumor, accounting for only 1% of all teratomas [5]. ...
... There is little research on EGCTs and their effects of human reproductive health. Only a few studies have examined these tumours in the form of case reports or case series (2). Patients with EGCTs showed a significant lower sperm concentration and lower inhibin B levels than those patients with other malignancies as seen in the Haematological malignancy and Sarcoma's groups (3). ...
Background:
Many studies have reported that testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) give rise to a decrease in sperm production and may further lead to infertility. However, little is known regarding sperm production in extragonadal germ cell tumours (EGCTs). We have studied the differences in the characteristics and sperm quality of patients with testicular cancer and patients with EGCTs.
Methods:
We collected and analysed demographic factors, semen parameters, and the disposition of banked sperm.
Results:
TGCTs accounted for the majority of malignant cancers compared with EGCTs (83.9% vs. 16.1%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in semen volume, pre-freeze concentration, pre-freeze motility, post-thaw concentration, post-thaw motility or recovery rate between patients with TGCTs and those with EGCTs. Both patients with TGCTs and EGCTs showed low pre-freeze and post-thaw sperm concentrations. Men with a seminoma had a higher median level of thaw-sperm motility in their ejaculate than men with non-seminomas. TGCT (67%) and EGCT (72%) patients chose to keep their specimens in storage.
Conclusions:
Our study provides evidence that both patients with TGCTs and EGCTs have a high risk for impaired semen quality and gonadal dysfunction. This suggests that oncologists and patients should consider the effects of both TGCTs and EGCTs on fertility among males.
... Teratoma can also occur in the mediastinum, intracranial, sacrococcyx, and retroperitoneal space. Nevertheless, retroperitoneal teratoma is rare, especially adrenal teratoma, the incidence rate of which is 0.13% (1,2). The pathological classification of teratoma includes mature teratoma and immature teratoma. ...
Teratoma originates from pluripotent cells of two or more than two germ cell layers, and most of them are benign. Teratomas are found in the ovaries and testes. Retroperitoneal teratoma is rare, especially adrenal teratoma. Here, we describe a rare case of a 17-year-old woman who was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and a right adrenal mass at the age of eight. So, she received anti-tuberculosis treatment. Nine years later, chest X-rays showed prior lesions in both lungs, and abdominal CT showed the mass in the right adrenal gland was larger than before, during this period she had no clinical symptoms. She underwent retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and the pathological diagnosis was a mature teratoma of the right adrenal gland. During a one-year follow-up, the patients recovered well without any discomfort. Thirty-two cases were found in the literature review, among which no patients had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Adrenal teratoma is often seen in females and the left adrenal gland. The imaging features of adrenal teratoma can be cystic, solid, and cystic solids. Mature fat and calcification can be seen in most teratomas. Comprehensive analysis of clinical features and imaging characteristics can enhance the diagnostic confidence of radiologists in adrenal teratoma.
... Germinomlar genellikle hayatın ikinci dekadında tanı alsada, NGGHT'ler germinomlara kıyasla hayatın erken evrelerinde daha az görülürler (2). Teratomlar, embriyonel karsinomlar, yolk sak tümörler, koryokarsinomlar ve miks tümörler ile beraber NGGHT sınıfı içerisinde değerlendirilirler (1)(2)(3)(4). Teratomlar da kendi içinde differansiye hücrelerin varlığına göre matür ve immatür teratomlar olarak sınıflanırlar. Genel olarak immatür teratomlarda daha az diferansiye hücre vardır, matür teratomlara göre daha agresif seyir gösterip daha kötü prognoza sahiptirler (3,5,6). ...
... Teratomlar da kendi içinde differansiye hücrelerin varlığına göre matür ve immatür teratomlar olarak sınıflanırlar. Genel olarak immatür teratomlarda daha az diferansiye hücre vardır, matür teratomlara göre daha agresif seyir gösterip daha kötü prognoza sahiptirler (3,5,6). Maksimum cerrahi rezeksiyon teratomlar için primer tedavi seçeneğidir (2). ...
Objectives:Teratomas are nongernimmatomatous germ cell tumors of the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological features of central nervous system teratomas.Materials and Methods:Central nervous system teratomas were separated according to decades and localization using the United States National Cancer Institute [Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER)] database and demographic data were statistically analyzed retrospectively.Results:Four hundred and twenty-two patients diagnosed with teratoma were found in the SEER database. It was determined that 69% (n=293) of the patients had benign and 31% (n=129) had a malignant histological character. 87.6% (n=113/129) of malignant teratomas were detected in the first two decades. 56.7% (n=166/293) of benign teratomas were found in the first 3 decades of life. Among the lobes of the brain, teratomas are most frequently located in the frontal lobe (9.7%). The rate of teratomas in the pineal region was found to be 16.4%.Conclusion:Teratomas are frequently seen in the first two decades and approximately two-thirds of all teratomas are benign. While teratomas tend to localize from the brain lobes to the frontal lobe, the most common extra-axial localization is the pineal gland.
The mediastinum is the most prevalent site of extragonadal teratomas. Patients with mediastinal mature teratomas are usually young adults, and the condition does not show significant sexual differences. Mediastinal teratomas are mostly located in the anterior mediastinum. Patients are usually asymptomatic, although they can have several complications when the teratomas become large or rupture. Most mediastinal teratomas can be diagnosed using CT. Diagnosing ruptured or malignant teratomas is challenging because of their atypical clinical and radiological presentations. In this article, we describe various manifestations of mediastinal teratomas, with an emphasis on radiologic features.
Background: Teratomas are tumors that arise from germ cells in mature gonads and along the midline as extragonadal teratomas. The latter are infrequent, with few cases having been described in the pancreas. Objective: Our aim is to emphasize the importance of determining the histological features of extragonadal teratomas. Case presentation: We present the case of a mature cystic teratoma in the pancreas with focal neuroendocrine differentiation identified in a thirty-five year old male patient with no apparent symptomatology of a pancreatic tumor. The tumor was an unexpected finding made upon a diagnostic approach for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Discussion: At present, there are around fifty reported cases of teratomas in the pancreas. The majority of these are dermoid cysts. Few are mature cystic teratomas, and there is one reported case of an immature teratoma. Of the mature cystic teratomas reported in the literature, one presented a somatic neoplasm. Conclusion: The case highlights the importance on determining the histological features of extragonadal teratomas, including each type of tissue, the degree of differentiation and the presence of benign or malignant neoplasms, as these elements are key to classify teratomas appropriately.
