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![The transient absorption spectra of TiOPc(-OPh)4 in degassed DMSO with laser excitation at 355 nm (top). The bottom contains decays at 580 nm and rise at 710 nm. [TiOPc(-OPh)4] = 13 M.](profile/Xian-Fu-Zhang/publication/229102314/figure/fig6/AS:393734295441413@1470884979491/The-transient-absorption-spectra-of-TiOPc-OPh4-in-degassed-DMSO-with-laser-excitation.png)
The transient absorption spectra of TiOPc(-OPh)4 in degassed DMSO with laser excitation at 355 nm (top). The bottom contains decays at 580 nm and rise at 710 nm. [TiOPc(-OPh)4] = 13 M.
Source publication
The photophysical properties of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc), tetra(β-phenoxy) titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc(β-OPh)4) and tetra(α-phenoxy) titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc(α-OPh)4), were investigated in homogeneous solution. Absorption, fluorescence, triplet state and singlet oxygen [O2(1Δg)] sensitization studies are reported. The phthalocyanines p...
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Citations
... IR spectra of MOPc-Anthraflavine pellets and films are shown in Figure 2; these results indicate that the bands are in fact similar. The values of the representative vibrations of the MOPc-Anthraflavine are shown in the spectra: (i) the band responsible for the pyrrole in-plane stretch vibration in the Pc ring is observed in 1334 ± 3 cm −1 , (ii) the bands located in 1288 ± 3, 1163 ± 3 and 1122 cm −1 are the result of the interaction between C of the peripheral rings, with the hydrogen atoms [33], (iii) the band located in 753 cm −1 is the interaction in the plane of C-H deformation, (iv) the band observed in 1563 ± 2 and 1485 ± 2 cm −1 results from a C = C stretching mode [33][34][35][36], (v) the signals in 729 ± 2 cm −1 and 778 ± 3 cm −1 stand for the α-phase and the β-phase, respectively, [34,[37][38][39][40] and (vi) the signals of the anthraflavine in 3383 ± 3 and 1074 ± 4 cm −1 are for C-O and the signal in 1665 ± 1 is for C=O. The IR spectroscopy showed two important results: on one hand, when reviewing the spectra of the pellets, the presence of both phthalocyanine and anthraflavine is observed, which is an indication of a doping of both TiOPc-Anthraflavine and VOPc-Anthraflavine. ...
In this work we studied the semiconductor behavior of titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and vanadyl phthalocyanine (VOPc), doped with anthraflavic acid and deposited on Tetrapak/graphite as flexible electrodes. The molecular structure was approached using the density functional theory and astonishingly, it was found that the structure and electronic behavior can change depending on the metal in the phthalocyanine. Experimentally, the Root Mean Square was found to be 124 and 151 nm for the VOPc-Anthraflavine and TiOPc-Anthraflavine films, respectively, and the maximum stress was 8.58 MPa for the film with VOPc. The TiOPc-Anthraflavine film presents the smallest fundamental gap of 1.81 eV and 1.98 eV for indirect and direct transitions, respectively. Finally, the solid-state devices were fabricated, and the electrical properties were examined. The tests showed that the current–voltage curves of the devices on Tetrapak and VOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate exhibit the same current saturation behavior at 10 mA, which is achieved for different voltage values. Since the current–voltage curves of the TiOPc-Anthraflavine on a rigid substrate presents a defined diode model behavior, it was approximated by nonlinear least squares, and it has been determined that the threshold voltage of the sample for the different lighting conditions is between 0.6 and 0.8 volts.
... In addition, AlPcS 4 did not suffer any bleaching during the assay and can be reused in a heterogeneous phase. Zhang et al. [40] studied the 1 O 2 generation rate when using titanium phthalocyanines. These PS presented values of quantum yields between 76% and 85%. ...
The demand for fresh water is increasing daily, requiring industries to take action to reduce the need for fresh water. Winemaking industries represent a massive hydric impact by combining the water consumed and the high volume of wastewater produced. The sun-driven photooxidation process has been widely employed in removing wastewater pollutants. This work employed four photosensitizers, Rose Bengal, AlPcS4, ZnPcS4, and TPP, for water reuse in cellars. A secondary effluent has been investigated as a water matrix. Of all the photosensitizers (PS) employed, ZnPcS4 showed better chemical oxygen demand (COD) (23%) and phenolic (TPh) (81%) removal. The effect of pH and concentration was also assessed for ZnPcS4. The phenolic content removal was found to be highly dependent on the solution’s pH, as alkaline solutions improve the singlet oxygen quantum yield where the use of a pH = 11 reached 42% and 81% of COD and TPH removal. However, a pH higher than 7 showed higher PS bleaching than pH = 7. Three different PS concentrations were evaluated: 3 × 10−6, 5 × 10−6, and 1 × 10−5 mol/L. The optimal PS concentration was found to be 5 × 10−6 mol/L.
... Along with the already-mentioned Pcs with metallic atoms, there are also phthalocyanines with titanium tetravalent configuration, such as titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and titanium phthalocyanine dichloride (TiCl 2 Pc) [15][16][17]. They show a p-type transport characteristic, which makes them act as semiconductors. ...
... The TiCl 2 Pc exhibits emission efficiencies enough to be considered as potential infrared emitters [15,17]. On the other hand, the TiOPc also presents a p-type transport characteristic and it is known to be one of the organic materials that exhibits the largest photo-carrier generation efficiency, which has been successfully tested in laser-printer technologies [13,14,16,17]. Additionally, the TiOPc shows interesting non-linear optical properties with applications for optical disk design [17]. ...
... However, related studies for the molecular state of TiOPc and TiCl 2 Pc are still rare and titanium phthalocyanine compounds have not received extensive research and study [18]. This results in a lack of optoelectronic properties' correlation with their chemical structures, which is much less explored than other Pcs [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Due to that previously mentioned, the objective of this work is to present a comparative study between optical properties and the charge-carrying capability present in each one. ...
Tetravalent titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) and titanium phthalocyanine dichloride (TiCl2Pc) films were deposited via the high-vacuum thermal evaporation technique and subsequently structurally and morphologically characterized, to be later evaluated in terms of their optoelectronic behavior. The IR and UV-vis spectroscopy of the films displayed α- and β-phase signals in TiOPc and TiCl2Pc. Additionally, the UV-vis spectra displayed the B and Q bands in the near-UV region of 270–390 nm and in the visible region between 600 and 880 nm, respectively. The films presented the onset gap (~1.30 eV) and the optical gap (~2.85 eV). Photoluminescence emission bands at 400–600 nm and 800–950 nm are present for the films. One-layer ITO/TiCl2Pc or TiOPc/Ag and two-layer ITO/PEDOT:PSS/TiCl2Pc or TiOPc/Ag planar heterojunction devices with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) deposited by the spin-coating technique were constructed. In these devices, an electrical activation energy between 0.18 and 0.21 eV and a refractive index between 1.14 and 1.44 were obtained. The devices presented a change in the J–V curves for the illuminated and darkness conditions, as much as 1.5 × 102 A/cm2, related to the device architecture and phthalocyanine ligand. The latter indicates that the films should be used for optoelectronic applications.
... 25 A crucial point regarding the MTPP/ Fe(001)-p(1 Â 1)O interface is the robustness of the 2D molecular arrangement when non-planar molecules are employed in the formation of the organic layer. Nowadays, such kind of molecules (VO 2+ porphyrins, 28 VO 2+ and TiO 2+ phthalocyanines, 29,30 etc.) find many applications related to the control of band-alignment at the electrode surface, 31 in dye-synthetized solar cells, 32 electrets, 33 etc. Metal-porphyrins with an anion bound to the coordinated metallic ion are no longer planar since the anion protrudes outside the macrocycle plane. ...
Stabilizing ordered assemblies of molecules represents the first step towards the construction of molecular devices featuring hybrid (organic-inorganic) interfaces where molecules can be easily functionalized in view of specific applications. Molecular layers of planar metal-tetraphenylporphyrins (MTPP) grown on an ultrathin iron oxide [namely Fe(001)-p(1 × 1)O] show indeed a high degree of structural order. The generality of such a picture is tested by exploiting non-planar porphyrins, such as vanadyl-TPP (VOTPP). These molecules feature a VO2+ ion in their center, with the O atom protruding out of the plane of the porphyrin ring. In this work, by employing diffraction, photoemission and X-ray absorption, we prove that non-planar VOTPP can nevertheless form a square and ordered superstructure, where porphyrin molecules lie flat with respect to the underlying substrate. Ab initio density functional theory simulations are used to elucidate the VO bond orientation with respect to the iron substrate.
... The Znphthalocyanine molecules have been investigated extensively by various research groups. 11,12 Aggregation is characterized by the Q-band absorption of phthalocyanine, which shows a red or blue-shift relative to monomer, depending on the different molecular interactions. 13 In general, the H-aggregates represent the blue-shifted absorption, whereas the uncommon class of aggregation called J-aggregates represents a red shift in the absorption. ...
Tetra carboxyl Zn-phthalocyanine (TCTZnPc) with thiol linker is anchored onto titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles surface. The presence of a thiol group having lone pair of electrons further increase the electron donating capability of Zn-Phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivative. TiO 2 thin film is prepared and sensitized with the Zn- Phthalocyanine derivative. The type of aggregation of TCTZnPc in DMF and on TiO 2 surface is studied from the steady-state absorption spectral techniques. The fluorescence spectral studies are carried out to analyze the quenching of ZnPc fluorescence on TiO 2 surface. Further, the time-resolved fluorescence is carried out to confirm the electron injected from excited state TCTZnPc to the TiO 2 nanoparticles conduction band.
... We predicted these MPcs can be an ideal material for enhancing the light absorption in MoS 2 since they both have high light-harvesting capability in the long wavelength region and photostable. [29][30] Copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is a member of normal metal (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) phthalocyanine (MPc) family and CuPc can be deposited completely flat on the 2-dimensional surface. 31 Moreover, CuPc film has also been reported to be optically active in the range of 600-700 nm wavelengths of light. ...
The electronic and optical properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (ML-MoS2) can be manipulated by non-substitutional doping with macro-cyclic organic metallic molecules like titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) or copper phthalocyanine (CuPc). Our density functional theory based calculation reveals a strong non-covalent interaction between metal phthalocyanine (MPc) molecules and ML-MoS2. The adsorption of these molecules results in impurity energy levels in the gap region of ML-MoS2. There exist a considerable charge transfer between MPc molecules and ML-MoS2 which turns ML-MoS2 into a n-type semiconductor. Moreover, both experiment and theoretical results indicate that the adsorption of MPc molecules improves the light absorbance of ML-MoS2 in the entire wavelength range from 400 nm to 800 nm. Presence of low concentration S vacancy(~1.67%) in ML-MoS2 has negligible effect on the optical properties and nature of electronic interaction between MPc molecule and ML-MoS2. The implication of the results acquired here has been discussed in term of their applicability in important reactions like hydrogen evolution by water dissociation.
... The unique properties of phthalocyanines have encouraged researchers to synthesize new derivatives with certain properties required for applications such as therapeutic medicine, photodynamic therapy, materials science, catalytic therapy and antioxidant potentials [3][4][5]. For this purpose, many applications of phthalocyanines in different fields, including dyes and pigments [6], semiconductors [7], optical data storage [8], photosensitizers [9], liquid crystals [10], nonlinear optics [11], gas sensors [12], catalysis [13] and Langmuir-Blodgett films [14] have been found. However, there are some notable drawbacks for the use of phthalocyanines, like poor solubility in a wide range of solvents and the aggregation tendency to form aggregates in solution [15]. ...
In this study, a novel phthalonitrile, 4-chloro-5-(2-((2-hydroxyethyl)(p-tolyl)amino)ethoxy)phthalonitrile (3), and its metallophthalocyanine derivatives (4-6) are prepared by cyclotetramerization with appropriate metal salts in dimethylformamide. The newly prepared compounds have been characterized by several spectroscopic techniques. All compounds are evaluated for their antioxidant and antibacterial potential. For the antioxidant studies, three tests are applied; DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylradical) scavenging, metal chelating and reducing power activity. Compound 4 exhibits the best DPPH scavenging activity as 35.2% at 100 mg/L concentration. The metal chelating activities of compounds 3 and 4 are 69.7% and 56.4%, respectively. Reducing power activities of compounds 3 and 4 are higher than α-tocopherol which is used as positive control. All compounds show moderate antibacterial activity when compared to the standard antibiotics, amikacin and tetracycline.
... Indeed we found in this study that H 2 Pc showed two specific SSEs which are different from that of ZnPc. This study is based on our previous studies on the various properties of Pc compounds67891012]. ...
... This is as a result of their high optical and redox properties, which is due primarily to the presence of highly conjugated heteroatomic p-electronic systems in their molecular architecture. Some examples of these newer areas of applications include low-dimensional metal and semiconductor devices, [4][5][6] photovoltaic and solar cells, [7][8][9] electrophotography, [10,11] gas sensing devices, [12][13][14] liquid crystals, [15][16][17] nonlinear optics, [18,19] and photodynamic therapy (PDT), where they act as photosensitizers. [20] The main challenge with the use of Pcs for many of these applications is their relatively low solubility in most common organic solvents. ...
A new phthalonitrile (1) was synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. The crystal structure is stabilized by π−π stacking interactions between the benzene rings with two methyl groups. Metal free (2), Mg (3), Zn (4) and Pd (5) phthalocyanine complexes of the phthalonitrile were synthesized with metal salts, and the complexes showed good solubility in a wide range of organic solvents with no aggregation observed within a wide concentration range. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, UV−Vis, FT−IR, NMR and mass spectrometry, and show good prospect for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer.
... Phthalocyanine containing o-carborane units could do a combined boron neutron capture therapy of cancer (BNCT) and PDT [8]. In these applications and related reports, phthalocyanines have been shown to be a promising TGPS due to their desirable properties, such as strong absorption in the red visible region that allows deeper light penetration, high efficiency in singlet oxygen generation [20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. ...
