Fig 3 - uploaded by Jieh-Jiuh Wang
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
This study presents a novel preparedness assessment method for assessing hazard mitigation and environmental planning of hillslope communities. A professional questionnaire was utilized to weight each indicator. Communities in Hsinchu, Taichung and Nantou counties with debris flow hazards were taken as study samples. Debris flow risk and landslide...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... Central Range slopes westward into strips of foothills and then into broad, uplifted terraces. A wide coastal plain exists in the western sections of Hsinchu and Taichung counties and borders the Taiwan Strait to the east. The study area can be classified into four morphological units ( Fig. 3): mountainous terrain, high hills, hills, and an alluvial plain; the area ratios of each morphological unit to the total area are 51.19%, 16.48%, 17.10, and 15.23% ...
Similar publications
In August 2009, Typhoon Morakot hit Taiwan and induced tremendous disasters, including large-scale landslides and debris flows. One of these debris flows was suffered by the Daniao tribe in Taitung, eastern Taiwan. The volume was in excesses of 500,000 m 3, much larger than the original design mitigation capacity. The DEBRIS-2D program developed by...
Approximate 200 highway bridges in Taiwan are damaged in Typhoon Morakot event in August, 2009. The flood-induced multiple natural hazards, such as flood, landslide, debris flow, drafting wood, and barrier lakes, cause embankment erosion, discharge loss, overflow accompanying with debris, vibratory river bending, etc. around bridges. Identifying di...
Taiwan is located in the typhoon district of the Pacific Ocean and is hit by typhoons averaged 3.6 times annually. Many large scale hillside development projects were undertaken in the past decades. These areas have become very vulnerable to natural hazard and usually are subject to heavy damage under slope-land disasters. The loss of people’s live...
The concern for climate change has increased worldwide. Localized rain storms with high intensity and short duration have been observed in Asia. South Korea is one of the countries that have also been impacted by extreme rainfall events during typhoons. Extreme rainstorms have caused major damage from landslides and debris flows in the South Korean...
Flow-like landslides triggered by rainfall are very prominent in Nepal and Shikoku, Japan. In July 2002, many landslides occurred in the southern hills of the Nepalese capital, Kathmandu, because of torrential rainfall. A single flow-like landslide occurred at Matatirtha, a small village situated at the south marginal hill of Kathmandu, killing 18...
Citations
... However, during the long-term service of slope engineering, the mechanical properties of slope geomaterials and support structures may deteriorate under the complex external environment. Therefore, under potential seismic excitations in the future, the seismic performance of slope engineering will deteriorate, which increases the seismic vulnerability of slope engineering and makes the seismic resilience of slope engineering evolve over time, and it is a function of time [7] . ...
A systematic review was conducted, ranging from the seismic resilience of single slope engineering structures as disaster-bearing bodies to their transformation into disaster-inducing bodies owing to seismic dynamic instability. The resilience of slopes is considered with regard to regional transportation networks, which are most severely threatened by earthquake-induced landslide disasters. For the engineering structure of a single slope as a disaster-bearing body, the stage before the slope engineering loses stability can be considered as the first stage of slope seismic resilience evaluation. This review summarizes the latest progress in seismic resilience evaluation and reinforcement design from the perspective of engineering seismic resilience. In response to the lack of definition for the resilience of existing regional road networks to earthquake-induced landslide impacts during the review, the second stage involves the transformation of the seismic dynamic instability of regional slopes into landslide disasters; resilience is defined as the global system reliability of the regional road network in this study. From the perspective of network reliability, an assessment framework for the resilience of the regional transportation network against seismic landslide disasters is systematically proposed in this study. In accordance with high-dimensional nonlinear network dynamics theory, this paper highlights the future research direction of introducing high-dimensional network dynamics theory into the disaster resilience of regional road networks affected by landslide disasters.
... In terms of the effects of the landslide, 91.4% of the respondents were affected in terms of lives lost, property and infrastructure (Figure 7). Studies carried out by Chen et al. (2008); Kamp et al. (2008) and Moayedi et al. (2011) asserts that in recent years, landslide occurrence has become more frequent, characterized with more devastating impact such as lives lost, destroyed human settlements and infrastructure (such as settlements, roads, bridges and utilities). Statistics obtained from the field revealed that there were over 49 deaths ( Figure 7c) as opposed to the total number of 43 previously mentioned by the media (CRTV, 2019) during the event. ...
This study made use of a disaster forensic approach to investigate the root causes of the landslide disaster which occurred in Gouache, West Region, Cameroon on 29th of October, 2019 that registered 49 to 60 deaths. The aims of the study were to;1) identify the natural and man-made causes of the landslide; 2) determine household vulnerability factors; and 3) identify the administrative weaknesses that led to the disaster. To achieve this, geological data was collected from field observations; rainfall data for a period of 30 years (1988 to 2018) with additional monthly data (January to December) for 2019 was obtained from the National observatory on Climate change (ONACC), Yaounde; satellite imagery from Landsat ETM+ and 8 (2001 and 2020) and SRTM DEM were used to assess land use/ landcover changes and slope respectively; questionnaire administration, household and key informant interviews were used as primary data collection tools. Findings revealed that the root causes were: heavy rainfall that occurred prior to and during this event; the presence of weathered granitic rocks on steep slopes, and springs that increased landslide susceptibility. Susceptibility to landslides was fostered by human activities such as: significant reduction of the savannah vegetation and cutting of the slope for house construction. Household vulnerability factors were lack of awareness of landslide hazards and large household sizes (4-6 persons). Over 70 % of the landowners constructed without a building permit and had no land certificate. The administrative authorities acknowledged that Gouache was officially recognized as a landslide susceptible zone. The findings generated in this study would be useful for the government to strengthen or re-adjust existing policies or strategies of disaster risk reduction in the area.
... In China, the number of geological hazards in 2020 was 7840 causing 197 casualties and economic losses of 5.02 billion yuan . Additionally, urban population growth had led to the construction of urban housing, industrial structures and transportation facilities in an unprecedented trend to disturb the geological environment, and increased demand for land was forcing development into mountainous areas prone to landslides (Chen et al., 2008;Zhang et al., 2023). In accordance with the prevailing trajectory of development, China will encounter the escalated risks of anthropogenically induced geological hazards in the future. ...
Rapid socio-economic development and the large-scale anthropogenic activities aggravated the risk of geological hazards, endangering human life and property safety. Understanding the geological hazard prevention efficiency (GHPE) and driving factors is important for promoting the sustainable development, there are few quantitative studies have investigated the GHPE and anthropogenic drivers in China. This study employed the super-efficiency slack based measure-data envelopment analysis (SBM–DEA) model with undesirable outputs and Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) index to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of GHPE from static and dynamic perspectives. Additionally, the geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model was utilized to identify the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic drivers on GHPE in China. Results showed that GHPE showed a spatial difference of eastern > central > western China, with only 38.71 % provinces were in an optimal prevention condition of the GHPE. An average annual growth rate of GHPE was 5.8 % in China, with a distribution pattern characterized by central > eastern > western China. Furthermore, the spatial heterogeneity of anthropogenic drivers affecting GHPE varied greatly across different regions. Our findings highlighted investment in environmental protection had obviously positive effects on the GHPE, whereas urban population density had markedly inhibited effects in most provinces. Low GHPE was more prevalent in regions with relatively backward economic and technological levels. Effective measures were proposed to promote regional high-quality and sustainable development.
... To address this gap, this case study describes a collaboration between an INFEWS-ER (Innovations at the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water Systems Educational Resources) cohort of graduate students, mentors, and advisors and a Puerto Rican NGO, Caras con Causa (CCC), to improve community DRR as it relates to FEWS. The purpose of this study is to analyze a transdisciplinary academic-NGO collaboration from October 2020 to April 2021, helping to foster the resiliency of communities during post-disaster reconstruction processes in Puerto Rico and increase their disaster resilience capacity (Chen et al., 2008;Hudec et al., 2018). Working with CCC, this cohort identified a common goal and sought to reflectively co-design context-sensitive solutions spanning the boundaries of natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences (Lang et al., 2012;Gaillard and Mercer, 2013;Bendito and Barrios, 2016;Thompson et al., 2017;Matsuura and Razak, 2019;Lawrence et al., 2022). ...
The communities of Puerto Rico are highly vulnerable to climate change as the archipelago has experienced a multitude of compounding crises and extreme weather events in recent years. To address these issues, the research, analysis, and design of grand challenge solutions for disaster-prone regions like Puerto Rico can utilize collaborative transdisciplinary efforts. Local non-governmental and community-based organizations have a pivotal role in the reconstruction processes and the building of community and environmental resilience in underserved communities. This paper contributes an empirical case study of an online transdisciplinary collaboration between a group of academics and a Puerto Rican non-governmental organization, Caras con Causa. From participant observation, it includes a document analysis of meeting notes with cohort members who were involved in a collaborative National Science Foundation Project, The INFEWS-ER: A Virtual Resource Center Enabling Graduate Innovations at the Nexus of Food, Energy, and Water Systems, with Caras con Causa between October 2020 and April 2021. Caras con Causa focuses on uplifting Puerto Ricans by creating and administering environmental, educational, economic, and community programs, highlighting disaster relief and resilience to help Puerto Rican food, energy, and water systems. Eight key discussion themes emerged from the document analysis: team organization, collaboration with Caras con Causa, deliverables, team contributions, context understanding, participation outcomes, technology setup, and lessons learned. We analyze each of the emerging themes to explain how academics may use transdisciplinary skill sets in addition to standard disciplinary-based approaches or techniques to enhance the institutional capacity of a non-governmental organization doing community resilience work to benefit local food, energy, and water systems. While the learned lessons in this non-governmental organization-academic collaboration may be context-specific, we provide insights that may be generalizable to collaborations in comparable transdisciplinary settings.
... 재난연구 분야에서는 재해의 충격을 흡수하고 피해를 복구하는 시스템의 능력을 설명하고자 이러한 개념을 적용 하였다 (Timmerman, 1981). 회복력이 고려하는 특성에 따라 Timmerman (1981) -The ability of system to absorb and recover from hazardous event Pimm (1984) -The speed at which the system returns to its original state after a disaster, a concept related to the functioning of the system itself rather than the stability of system components Wildavsky (1988) -The ability to overcome unexpected shocks Kang et al. (2007) -The ability of a system to recover to its pre-disaster state, measured by the duration of its unstable state Cardona (2003) -The ability of systems that have been damaged by disasters to absorb negative effects and recover Bruneau et al. (2003) -A concept that includes preparation to prevent damage before disaster, planning activities that can minimize negative impacts of disaster Zhou et al. (2010) -The ability to resist and recover from losses caused by shocks Ecological Resilience Mileti (1999) Buckle et al. (2000 -The ability of a system to withstand extreme conditions without significant external support and without significant loss, damage, productivity, or reduced quality of life Adger (2003) -The ability of a system to maintain its function and structure from shocks and disturbances, and to continue to provide essential resources and ecosystems for livelihood Johnston (2001) Paton et al. (2008) -Analyze the ability to resist based on trust in government, self-efficacy, risk perception and expectations, based on individual motivation to prepare for and act in risky situations Twigg (2009) -Organize the influencing factors such as regional and community governance, risk assessment, knowledge and education, risk management and vulnerability reduction, disaster preparedness and response, and actions that affect the impact of a disaster Ecological& Evolutionary Resilience Geis (2000) Chen et al. (2008) -The ability to resist shock or to recover or adapt quickly after a shock ...
Due to climate change and urban expansion, Seoul and Pohang have suffered unprecedented floods, and 30% of Pakistan's land has been inundated. As the locations and types of abnormal climates have diversified, the concept of resilience, which acknowledges the uncertainty of disaster prediction and encompasses the entire process from pre-disaster to recovery, has emerged as a new paradigm for disaster prevention. However, to use the concept of resilience for disaster prevention in cities, resilience should be measured first; however, research on measuring resilience remains a challenge. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for measuring resilience using resilience indicators. Nineteen indicators were classified into four dimensions, and a regional resilience index was derived using the entropy weighting method. The relationship between resilience and flood damage based on rainfall intensity was then analyzed.
... Due to their remote location and sparse population, mountainous rural areas have received little scholarly attention (Klein et al., 2003;Chen et al., 2008). We emphasize the importance of conducting research on mountainous rural areas for two reasons: First, most mountainous rural areas are always geologically disaster-prone in China, thus hindering its development (Xu et al., 2017), where Geological Disaster Induced Poverty (GDIP; yin zai zhi pin) is a frequent problem . ...
Geological disasters have long been a constant threat to socioeconomic development and human life and property. Many studies focus on the occurred geological disasters and ignore the potential risk events. Fine-scale multi-type analysis of Potential Geological Disasters Spots (PGDSs) is a necessary but insufficiently explored research field in China’s mountainous areas. Taking Meigu County (Sichuan Province, Southwest China), a typical disaster-prone region, as the study area. Average nearest neighbor (ANN), standard deviational ellipse (SDE), kernel density estimation (KDE), and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression are used to assess the spatial distribution of potential geological disasters spots and their influencing factors. The findings show that: potential geological disasters spots have a significant spatial heterogeneity and exhibited a prominent clustering characteristic. They were distributed in an elevation range of 1,500–2000 m, which receives an average monthly rainfall of more than 240 mm, as well as in highly foliated (0.6 < Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) < 0.8), west-facing (247.5–292.5°), and slopes of 10–20°. In addition, slope, aspect, population density, and rainfall were found as the main influencing factors. The results provide practical rural development measures with support for potential geological disasters spots avoidance and preparedness.
... In the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Chile in 2010, participation, trust, cooperation, and knowledge within the disaster mitigation community played a crucial role in the community's response to the disaster [23]. Community-based disaster resilience assessment [24], community resilience assessment measures [25,26], investment in participatory early warning systems [27], etc., have also become hot issues. Burton used the case of Hurricane Katrina to validate community resilience indicators for natural hazards and disasters, providing a valid scientific basis for the resilience evaluation of disaster mitigation communities. ...
Public participation in community-organized disaster mitigation activities is important for improving disaster mitigation capacity. With data from 260 questionnaires, this study compared the current status of public participation in model disaster mitigation communities and nonmodel communities in a geological-disaster-prone area. Three community-organized disaster mitigation education activities were compared cross-sectionally. A binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of attitude, perceived behavioral control, disaster experience, and other key factors on the public's choice to participate in community disaster mitigation activities. The analysis results indicated that model communities had higher public participation in two efforts, evacuation drills and self-help skills training, and lower participation in activities that invited them to express their feedback than nonmodel communities. The influence of attitudinal factors on the decision to participate in disaster mitigation activities had a high similarity across community types. The public participation in model disaster mitigation communities is influenced by factors such as subjective norms and participation cognition; the behavior of people in nonmodel communities is influenced by factors such as previous experience with disasters, perceived behavioral control, risk perception, and participation cognition and has a greater potential for disaster mitigation community construction. This study provides practical evidence and theoretical support for strengthening the sustainable development of disaster mitigation community building.
... There has been work on "operationalising" resilience (Fang & Zio, 2019;Gaillard & Mercer, 2013;Sudmeier et al., 2013). Using capacity as a proxy is another way to gain understanding of resilience (Ali et al., 2014;Chen, Ferng, Wang, Wu, & Wang, 2008;Connolly & York, 2002;Gibbon et al., 2002;Horton, 2002). Capacity can be evaluated at various stages of a framework, bounded by a defined risk and an affected population. ...
... show progress against a disruptive event ex-ante and ex-post to show how an affected population can build their risk management capacity by reducing their risk and increasing their capacity (Ali et al., 2014;Chen et al., 2008;Connolly & York, 2002;Hinkel, 2011;James, 2009;Per, 2012). ...
A PhD dissertation that focuses on a displaced population and the threat to small-scale landslide risks.
The main question revolved around what information was needed to create a holistic approach for community engagement in a refugee camp, and how could we measure the changes if there were any.
Key words: landslides, refugees, risk communication, community, displaced population, capacity building
https://hdl.handle.net/2292/60785
... Mountainous communities are considered to be at greater risk to natural disasters due to low level of resilience, the factors including, steep slopes, rugged topography, geology, heavy precipitation, and surface lithology. [10]. Though the inhabitants of mountainous communities live there for centuries, they handle the dangers posed by natural calamities, including earthquakes, landslides, extreme temperature, storms, and flash floods [11]. ...
This study aimed to explore the extent and evaluation of flash flood resilience in mountainous communities of Daral and Chail valleys of Swat. After collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the parameters of Disaster Resilience Capacity (DRC) model was applied for data analysis. The analysis reveals that stream discharge increases during summer mainly because of the rapid melting of snow, ice, glaciers and monsoonal rains, which results in flash floods. The communities living in the mountainous areas of Daral and Chail valleys face problems of multitudes of socioeconomic and infrastructural flash flood damages almost every year. However, limited communities have adopted indigenous resilience strategies to bounce back from the recurrent adverse impacts of flash floods. It was found from the analysis that due to indigenous resilience practices by the local communities and the location of most mountainous communities, Daral valley is more resilient to flash floods as compared to Chail valley. Contrary to this, the extent and level of flash flood resilience in Chail valley are low as most of the mountainous communities are more vulnerable to seasonal flash floods. Some wise practices can enhance resilience to flash floods, especially land use planning, community preparedness, afforestation, and improved accessibility and communications.
... In addition, mathematical algorithms are also the main methods in resilience assessment research, including in logistic regression analysis [34,35], weighted sum calculation [10], multivariate analyses [16], analytic hierarchy process [14], weighted mean score [15], weighted regression, and ordinary least squares regression [17], among others. Su-Chin Chen et al. proposed a method to evaluate the disaster resistance of hillside communities, including logistic regression analysis and geographic information system technology [34,35]. ...
... In addition, mathematical algorithms are also the main methods in resilience assessment research, including in logistic regression analysis [34,35], weighted sum calculation [10], multivariate analyses [16], analytic hierarchy process [14], weighted mean score [15], weighted regression, and ordinary least squares regression [17], among others. Su-Chin Chen et al. proposed a method to evaluate the disaster resistance of hillside communities, including logistic regression analysis and geographic information system technology [34,35]. Based on the five-level elastic system constructed by Fisher et al., the system resilience value was obtained by using weighted sum calculation level by level [10]. ...
Complex urban systems, such as multi-floor rail transit stations and integrated railway transport hubs, are termed “complex urban public spaces” (CUPSs). These CUPSs facilitate people’s lives, but, at the same time, are threatened by various risks due to their multi-floor structure, dense crowds, high correlation in multi-function, complex facilities, and space openness. The risk events of CUPSs could have a negative influence on public safety and further influence sustainable development. Increasing the resilience of CUPSs is an effective way to respond to risks and guarantee public safety. Therefore, it is necessary to first assess the resilience of CUPSs. In this paper, a six-level comprehensive resilience indicator system was established based on aspects of the essence of resilience. Used in combination with the methods of resilience impact score and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, the resilience value could be calculated. The Shenzhen North Railway Station (SZ) and the Guangzhou South Railway Station (GZ) were used to validate the proposed methodology. The established resilience indicator system was shown to be comprehensive and innovative, and, regarding practicality, the proposed assessment methodology is convenient to use. This research can help policymakers to assess the resilience of CUPSs and develop relevant policies to improve the resilience of buildings, which can further enhance urban sustainability.
