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The target cell theory holds that when radiation hits an individual cell, it sustains damage. The cell attempts repair, or it may proceed to apoptosis. Sometimes it survives, but with damaged DNA and an unstable genome. The unstable genome may express as a cancer cell, a “crippled” no-functional cell, or may undergo apoptosis.
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Radiation induced fibrosis (RIF) can be understood as a form of chronic radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). It is a fibrotic process different than acute radiation syndrome (ARS), which is an inflammatory process that has different mediators and effector cells. It is triggered by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) activation of the matrix-embedde...